ÿWPC* ¬ffH¸›(C^8n–›}Œ¿nlû#¤‹H=^ø~˜(0®bAìIOzqw ¤ØN’È"8¨ Î´Ø`áUø-ù·P«Q2)6¡ªº„¿KÃÇÛ•ÅÀûñ²òᯪVý 1ûý;É¡=ÜXólŸ!é™QåxNc[ö\yMÞU—TÂÌ¥+oã±f;¥­xÔ^à¸Ì3ª!ÉäïûtÔ ÉÀ§è€øI³2D+ò˜îˆäeúO¬Ü†¥ª×|Ò/¦1Çü.gmž_«ø^ŸL¬ý ‘§k:D>^)ÅË%9Œ÷MïÕ5s\¿ç,W’rý~d0¢¨)Óf-³ ¢ ± Í òeSÓúï€É…ç ]üÜŸ0Ó7ãžhR¾5f"ØÉJGwŽQºàå ø+Ëiëzd‘ˆÇ… £Y±F3 1K´ù§¦(5e¡åê .ÎÚd_z`=þqWí4ãŠe#¾?Ú]™«à<²÷š8wÚòa~+12­Å0Üoö}š•›Z7èɔԘ¥™Nw0ÏE þó…ãîß-à¨ê©³ãN‹#@ço.Êu9» SˆJ4€d¨5„¯9I‘Ë6Ï7Æú˜;Žþiöÿv?}Ó°$#Ýhõîë— #!šUN» %  0(n­7w ä4î m˜HP LaserJet 4,ü,,,,,ü0(=”Ò <‹6Goudy Old Style Regularõ($¡¡«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@·q,”3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝññCHRONOLOGY€FOR€1833€(see€also€nos.€98„99,€118b,€170)Ìà  à171.€Mineralogy€Notes€(prose),€early€1833€(possibly€earlier),€MS€IVB.€Unpublished,€but€portion€facsimiliedÏòòWSóó€fig.€6a.Ð @ Ðà  àThese€notes€can€be€no€earlier€than€the€catalog€of€minerals,€no.€86€(after€summer€1830),€which€they€follow,Ïand€presumably€Ruskin€would€not€have€used€the€space€following€the€catalog€before€he€had€decided€to€start€a€newÏcatalog,€no.€118b,€in€mid„1831.€Internal€evidence€suggests€a€still€later€date,€identifiable€with€the€1833€stage€of€theÏMineralogical€Dictionary,€no.€98.€The€notes€make€specific€page€references€to€ð ðòòNat€Magóóðð„„that€is,€òòThe€Magazine€ofÐ ` ° ÐNatural€Historyóó€edited€by€J.€C.€Loudon,€which€John€James€had€been€buying€annually€since€its€first€issue€in€1829€(e.g.,Ð ( x ÐòòRFLóó,€187€n.€4,€230€n.€2,€260€no.€2).€Ruskinððs€notes€run€successively€from€volume€1€of€the€magazine€(1829)€throughÐ ð @ Ðvolume€5€(1832).€Thus,€while€he€could€have€started€compiling€the€notes€in€1830€and€kept€adding€material€as€volumesÏof€the€magazine€were€acquired,€it€seems€more€likely„„given€the€consistent€appearance€of€his€script„„that€he€compiled€theÏnotes€from€all€five€volumes€at€once€in€early€1833,€after€the€acquisition€of€volume€5€in€December€1832€(òòRFLóó,€260€n.€2;Ð H ˜  Ðthe€preface€to€volume€5€is€dated€October€1832).€This€activity€would€have€been€spurred€by€the€gift,€also€in€December,€ofÏRobert€Jamesonððs€òòManual€of€Mineralogyóó;€the€two€sources€provided€much€of€the€raw€material€for€the€1833„35€stage€ofÐ Ø(  Ðthe€Mineralogical€Dictionary€(see€no.€98).Ìà  àSee€no.€190€for€the€spirit€in€which€Ruskin€would€have€read€òòThe€Magazine€of€Natural€Historyóó.Ð h¸  ÐÌà  à172.€Mineralogy€Notes€(prose),€early€1833(?),€MS€IIIA.€Unpublished.Ìà  àThese€notes€seem€to€echo€passages€in€Robert€Jamesonððs€òòManual€of€Mineralogyóó,€acquired€in€December€1832Ð À Ð(òòRFLóó,€260€n.€2),€but€the€correspondences€are€not€certain.€See€discussion€of€MS€IIIA€in€part€2.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  à173.€Geometry€Exercises,€probably€early€1833€and€no€later€than€1833„34,€MSS€IIE,€IVC,€XIA.€Unpublished.Ìà  àViljoen€dated€the€exercises€in€MS€IVC€as€1831,€shortly€after€Ruskin€began€to€study€mathematics€with€Mr.ÏRowbotham,€on€the€grounds€of€an€expertððs€opinion€that€all€these€diagrams€indicate€an€effort€to€solve€the€sameÏgeometrical€problem€related€to€Propositions€5€and€6€in€Book€I€of€Euclid€and€that€a€student€with€a€private€tutor€mightÏbe€expected€to€reach€this€point€in€Euclid€well€within€a€month€(ð ðDating€MSS.€of€Boyhood,ðð€HGVP,€boxes€D.V,€E.IX).€ÏBut€while€these€diagrams€may€represent€beginning€geometry,€Rowbotham€did€not€start€Ruskin€on€Euclid€in€1831.ÏRather,€to€Ruskinððs€constant€disgust,€the€tutor€held€him€from€1831€through€1832€to€ð ðthe€same€regular€routineðð€ofÏaddition,€subtraction,€multiplication,€and€division;€French,€which€he€found€tiresomely€easy;€and€globe€work.€InÏJanuary€1833,€Ruskin€was€still€ð ðsadly€bogged€in€my€algebra,ðð€could€not€ð ðget€over€division,ðð€and€was€still€lookingÏforward€with€apprehension€to€fractions.€By€the€first€reference€in€the€letters€to€Euclid,€in€late€February€1834,€he€is€onlyÏin€the€fifth€book€(òòRFLóó,€258,€261€n.€11,€263,€268,€272„73,€275,€279).€Hence,€the€parameters€for€the€beginningÐ è8 Ðgeometry€exercises€in€MSS€IIE€and€IVC€are,€at€the€earliest,€winter/spring€of€1833€or,€at€the€latest,€the€winter€of€1833„¼34,€after€the€familyððs€return€from€the€Continent.€The€earlier€date€is€more€probable,€as€corroborated€by€a€handwrittenÏbook€of€ð ðPractical€Geometry,ðð€MS€XIA,€dated€January€21,€1833€(presumably€its€starting€date€since€the€manuscript€isÏunfinished),€in€which€Ruskin€began€copying€basic€Euclidian€axioms€in€his€fanciest€copperplate€hand.ÌÌà  à174.€Sermon€VIII€of€Sermon€Books,€early€1833,€MSS€IIB,€IVC.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSee€summary€remarks€on€dating€MSS€IIA„E€(part€1)€and€nos.€170,€175,€182.€€Ruskin€started€the€draft€of€thisÏsermon,€no.€174,€on€an€available€blank€page€following€mineralogy€notes,€no.€99,€in€MS€IVC„„notes€that€cannot€beÏdecisively€dated,€although€he€may€have€been€at€work€on€them€in€late€1832€and€early€1833€(see€no.€99).€Ruskin€thenÏcontinued€the€sermon€draft€at€the€other€end€of€MS€IVC€from€the€mineralogy€notes,€using€blank€pages€following€theÏmineral€catalog€no.€118b€at€the€stage€it€could€have€reached€no€earlier€than€the€second€half€of€1832.€As€explained€inÏthe€note€to€no.€118b,€Ruskin€erased€this€part€of€the€sermon€draft€and€continued€his€mineral€catalog€over€top€of€theÏdraft,€and€the€catalog€at€this€point€cited€specimens€gathered€on€the€Continent€during€the€tour€of€1833.€Hence,€earlyÏ1833„„before€the€trip€to€the€Continent€but€after€the€possible€date€for€the€mineralogy€notes,€no.€99„„appears€the€likelyÏdate€of€the€sermon€draft.€This€date€is€clenched€by€the€basic€geometry€exercises€drawn€on€versos€opposite€the€sermonÏdraft,€which€are€independently€dateable€to€early€1833€(see€no.€173).€Moreover,€MS€XIA,€which€also€contains€geometryÏand€dates€from€early€1833€onward,€includes€a€draft€of€a€project€on€Greek€history€(discussed€in€note€to€no.€135)„„andÏthe€handwriting€and€abbreviated€style€of€these€notes€closely€resemble€the€drafts€of€the€sermons.ÌÌà  à175.€Sermons€VII,€IX,€X€of€Sermon€Books,€early€1833,€MS€IIB,€IIC,€IVA.€Quoted€òòACTJRóó,€262,€336„38,Ð ˆ,Ø'3 Ð402n.;€òòNCóó,€65,€66,€72„73.Ð P- (4 Ðà  àSee€summary€remarks€on€dating€MSS€IIA„E€(part€1)€and€nos.€170,€174,€182.€€To€draft€these€sermons,€RuskinÐ .h)5 Ðused€a€Red€Book,€MS€IVA,€that€had€been€out€of€service€since€1827;€therefore,€no€material€surrounding€the€draftsÏhelps€to€establish€a€date.€Assuming€that€the€sermons€were€written€in€sequence,€however,€these€would€have€beenÏdrafted€along€with€sermon€VIII,€no.€174,€which€can€be€dated€early€1833.ÌÌà  à176.€ð ðSongðð€(ð ðI€weary€for€the€torrent€leapingðð),€after€February„March,€MS€VIII.€Printed€òòPoemsóó,€3„4;€òòPJRóó,Ð Ð  Ð1:115„16;€òòWorksóó,€2:3„4.Ð ˜è Ðà  àUndated€and€untitled€in€manuscript.€In€the€òòPoemsóó€of€1850,€which€the€poem€headed€as€the€volumeððs€first€andÐ ` ° Ðearliest€entry,€the€ð ðSongðð€was€assigned€to€ð ðòòaetat.óó€fourteenðð€(i.e.,€after€February€19,€1833).€Collingwood€reascribed€theÐ ( x Ðpoem€to€1832€owing€to€its€position€in€MS€VIII€and€to€the€fact€that€the€songððs€nostalgia€might€refer€to€the€familyððs€notÏhaving€visited€the€mountains€that€year€(òòPJRóó,€1:281„82).€However,€the€poemððs€position€in€MS€VIII€reveals€only€that€itÐ ¸   Ðwas€written€prior€to€May€1833,€since€the€poem,€along€with€no.€177,€is€situated€between€no.€169€(September€1832€orÏlater)€and€no.€178€(May€1833).€The€poemððs€topic€may€have€less€to€do€with€mountain€nostalgia„„Collingwood€himselfÏquerying€why€Ruskin€reminisced€about€the€Lake€District,€rather€than€about€his€more€recent€mountain€journey€toÏSnowdon„„than€with€yearning€for€poetic€composition,€which€Ruskin€connects€with€mountain€roaming:€ð ðI€weary€for€theÏtorrent€leaping€/€from€off€the€€scars€rough€crest.€/€My€muse€is€on€the€mountain€sleeping€/€My€harp€is€sunkÏto€rest€//€I€weary€for€the€fountain€foaming€/€for€shady€holme€&€hill€/€My€mind€is€on€the€mountain€roaming€/€MyÏlyres€voice€is€stillðð€(MS€VIII).€Ruskinððs€mind€can€be€roaming€the€mountain€while€his€harp,€voice,€and€muse€areÏsleeping,€because€the€poem€was€written€when€his€parents€had€put€a€check€on€excessive€poetry€writing.€The€obsessiveÏversifying€of€1831„32,€encouraged€by€John€Jamesððs€farthing€and€halfpenny€bargains€for€lines€of€ð ðIteriadðð€and€HomerÏtranslation,€had€produced€an€astounding€outpouring„„obsessive€behavior€that€occasioned€some€tension€that€yearÏbetween€Margaret€and€her€son€(see€nos.€91,€148,€160a,€170a).€Hence,€John€James€finally€had€to€demonstrate€solidarityÏwith€Margaret€and,€as€he€wrote€to€a€friend€in€January€1833,€ð ðrestrain€[Johnððs]€poetic€effortsðð€(òòRFLóó,€276).€During€thisÐ h Ðenforced€dry€spell,€Ruskin€was€put€to€work€on€his€Sermon€Books€(see€170),€so€his€mind€might€well€have€wandered€toÏlighter„hearted€song€among€the€scenery€that€had€inspired€the€ð ðIteriadðð€and€other€poetry.€At€the€same€time,€while€heÏwas€reflecting€nostalgically€on€Lake€District€scenery,€he€would€have€been€anticipating€the€first€views€of€Alpine€sceneryÏduring€the€Continental€tour€of€1833.Ìà  àIf€John€James€remembered€the€circumstances€of€this€poemððs€composition„„i.e.,€parental€restraint€of€RuskinððsÏpoetry„„he€would€have€been€playing€a€complicated€family€joke€by€placing€the€ð ðSongðð€at€the€head€of€the€1850€òòPoemsóó,€aÐ È Ðvolume€that€Ruskin€himself€did€not€welcome,€having€long€since€abandoned€his€ð ðlyres€voiceðð€for€prose€composition.Ìà  àNext€to€the€stanzas€in€original€draft,€John€James€penciled€numbers€representing€the€rearrangement€of€stanzasÏfor€the€òòPoemsóó„„i.e.,€the€stanza€that€John€James€moved€to€the€end€(as€printed€in€òòWorksóó)€was€originally€the€sixth€stanza,Ð  p Ðand€this€stanza€was€followed€by€another€that€John€James€cancelled.€Since,€besides€these€rearrangements€and€deletions,ÏMS€VIII€contains€many€other€variants€from€the€edited€version,€it€will€be€clearer€in€this€case€to€republish€Ruskinððs€draftÏversion€in€whole,€rather€than€to€provide€a€list€of€variants€alone.ÌÌI€weary€for€the€torrent€leapingÌfrom€off€the€€scars€rough€crestÌMy€muse€is€on€the€mountain€sleepingÌMy€harp€is€sunk€to€restÌÌI€weary€for€the€fountain€foamingÌfor€shady€holme€&€hillÌMy€mind€is€on€the€mountain€roamingÌMy€lyres€voice€is€still.ÌÌI€weary€for€the€woodland€brookÌthat€wanders€through€the€valeÌ€I€weary€for€the€heights€that€lookÌadown€upon€the€daleÌÌThe€crags€are€lone€on€Conistone€[òòsicóó]Ð À+'2 Ð&€€Loweswaters€dellÌAnd€dreary€on€the€mighty€oneÌThe€cloud€enwreathed€ScawfellÐ .h)5 ЇOh€what€although€the€crags€be€sternÌTheir€craggy€peaks€that€severÌFresh€flies€the€breeze€on€mountain€fernÌAnd€free€on€mountain€heatherÌÌThere€is€[a(?)]òò1óó€thrill€of€strange€delightÐ ˜è ÐThat€passeth€quivering€oer€meÌWhen€blue€hills€fade€upon€the€sightÌLike€summer€clouds€beforeòò2óóÐ ð @ ÐÌTis€transient,€as€the€€snowy€driftòò3óóÐ € Ð  ÐThat€passeth€awayòò4óóÐ H ˜  Ð[Its€òòoróó€Tis]€like€the€blush€of€morn€that€swiftÐ `  ÐDoth€melt€into€the€dayÌÌI€long€to€tread€the€mountain€headÌAbove€the€valley€swellingÌI€long€to€feel€the€breeze€fledòò5óóÐ øH  ÐFrom€grey€&€gaunt€Helvellyn.ÌÌI€love€the€eddying€circling€sweepÌThe€mantling€and€the€foamÌOf€murmuring€waters€dark€and€deepÌAmid€the€valleys€loneÌÌIt€is€a€terror,€yet€tis€sweetÌUpon€some€broken€browÌTo€look€upon€the€distant€sweepÌOf€€ocean€spread€belowÌÌà  àòò1óóThe€word€in€ms.€is€unquestionably€written€as€òòatóó,€not€òòaóó,€but€Ruskin€probably€unconsciously€added€the€òòtóó€inÐ  p Ðanticipation€of€the€next€word,€òòthrillóó.Ð è8 Ðà  àòò2óóAlthough€demanded€by€the€rhyme,€òòmeóó€does€not€complete€this€line,€as€it€does€in€John€Jamesððs€editing.Ð °  Ðà  àòò3óóThis€stanza€is€roughly€scored€through€in€pencil€by€John€James.Ð xÈ! Ðà  àòò4óóThese€three€words€are€widely€spaced,€as€if€Ruskin€meant€to€fill€in€a€word€to€complete€the€meter.Ð @" Ðà  àòò5óóNext€to€òòfledóó,€John€James€wrote€in€pencil€òòspedóó,€which€is€the€word€used€in€1850.Ð  X# ÐÌà  à177.€ð ðHave€ye€never€heard€of€the€Brownie€wight?,ðð€February„March,€MS€VIII.€Unpublished,€but€see€òòWorksóó,Ð ˜!è% Ð2:338€n.€1.Ìà  àDated€by€its€position€following€no.€176.€This€is€a€long€(21€8„line€stanzas)€narrative€about€the€adventures€of€aÏmischievous€kelpie€and€brownie.€The€adventures€begin€on€Louter€Fell€and€are€apparently€left€incomplete,€when€theÏbrownie€and€kelpie€are€last€seen€clinging€to€a€black€steed,€galloping€past€Derwent€Water€and€into€the€vale€of€Keswick.ÌÌHave€ye€never€heard€of€the€Brownie€wight€ÌOn€the€side€of€Louter€Fell€sirÌWell€wot€I€twas€of€mickle€mightÌAnd€that€my€tale€shall€tell€sir,ÌTwas€a€chill€and€light€November€nightÌWhen€out€of€his€cave€looked€the€Brownie€wightÌWhen€the€moon€shone€pale€and€the€stars€shone€brightÌOn€the€side€of€Louter€Fell,€sir€[end€p.€45]ÌÌ[p.€46]€He€looked€to€the€east,€he€looked€to€the€southÌAnd€began€of€pranks€to€dreamÐ .h)5 ÐHe€smacked€his€lips€and€he€curled€his€mouthÌWhen€he€thought€of€a€dish€of€cream,ÌHe€looked€to€the€ocean€he€looked€to€the€seaÌAnd€a€very€fine€night€is€this,€quo€heÌThe€flavour[ist(?)]€bowls€of€some€dairy€to€seeÌEre€the€mornings€breaking€beamÌÌHe€looked€to€the€east€and€he€looked€to€the€southÌHe€looked€over€valley€and€bog€sirÌAnd€he€smacked€his€lips€and€he€curled€his€mouthÌWhen€he€thought€of€a€pine€ale€jug€sirÌAnd€he€licked€his€lips€when€he€thought€of€wheyÌAnd€grinned€at€the€thought€of€the€tricks€hed€playÌWider€than€ever€did€elf€or€fayÌThat€ever€had€ugly€mug€sirÌÌHe€looked€the€east,€he€looked€to€the€southÌAnd€he€thought€of€killing€pigs€sirÌOf€milking€cows€righ€[sic]€into€his€mouthÌAnd€of€having€a€rare€bit€swig€[sir(?)]€ÌLo€he€called€his€acquaintance€Kelpie€to€himÌThen€there€was€many€a€mischief€doingÌMany€wild€freak€there€a€brewingÌAs€ever€raised€a€[w(?)]ig,€SirÌÌThe€kelpie€[he(?)]€raised€a€€hugeous€potherÌand€The€Brownie€he€did€so€tooÌAnd€they€two€set€their€heads€together€[end€p.€46]Ì[p.€47]€As€to€what€they€were€going€to€doÌThen€whizz€and€away€went€each€to€his€playÌLike€a€[chain]€shot€sir€off€went€theyÌWhat€a€rout€they€made€till€the€peep€of€dayÌYe€never€saw€such€a€two€sir.ÌÌAnd€first€they€saw€a€€rustic€wightÌOn€a€sober€nag€of€grey,€sirÌWith€his€saddle€bags€all€right,€and€tightÌAcross€its€back€which€layÌLo€the€Kelpie€lighted€his€lamp,€and€shook€itÌThe€€rustics€nag€he€would€not€brook€itÌSays€Kelpie€I€shall€see€him€[drookit(?)]Ì[For€ever(?)]€the€peep€of€dayÌÌFlickering€flickering€went€his€lampÌAnd€swiftly€away€went€he€sirÌThe€€rustics€steed€went€after€him,€[tramp(?)]ÌTill€he€got€himself€up€to€the€knees€sirÌThe€kelpie€made€a€cricling€sweepÌTill€he€came€to€a€place€where€the€water€was€deepÌWhere€the€current€is€still€and€the€eddies€sleepÌNeath€the€shade€of€an€old€€willow€tree€sir.ÌÌBut€the€steed€he€refused€[by(?)]€the€current€to€passÌThe€farmer€tried€tender€persuasionÐ .h)5 ÐTill€it€struck€him€that€strokes€were€an€excellent€thingÌAnd€likely€they€were€to€pass€current€with€himÌAnd€would€not€permit€of€evasionÌLo€many€a€most€unmerciful€thump€[end€p.€47]Ì[p.€48]€Fell€on€€his€steeds€devoted€rumpÌTill€he€kicked€him€over€his€head€at€a€[pump(?)]€ÌNot€relishing€flagellationÌÌÌ[following€stanza€marked€ð ðVerse€2"€alongside€it]ÌThere€was€silence€above€and€around€and€beneathÌThe€mist€on€the€mountain€was€lyingÌIn€many€a€grey€wreath€born€away€on€the€breathÌOf€the€zephyr€that€softly€was€sighingÌOer€many€a€huge€rock€that€was€fearfully€rivenÌOer€many€a€green€mossy€mound€it€was€drivenÌWhen€the€dewdrop€glanced€pale€to€the€watchfires€of€heavenÌOn€their€[radiant(?)]€course€that€were€flyingÌÌThere€was€plumping€and€plunging€and€wallowing€thereÌThe€Kelpie€blew€out€his€gas€lightÌAnd€whiffed€he€away€on€a€puff€of€bad€airÌAnd€he€laughed€with€all€his€mightÌOh€many€a€laugh€and€jeer€and€floutÌFrom€Brownie€to€Kelpie€was€bandied€aboutÌAs€the€wrathful€rustic€scrambled€outÌLike€an€inkbottle€cork€black€as€night€sirÌÌThen€the€kelpie€O€he€got€some€hydrogen€gasÌThe€same€that€we€use€for€balloons€sirÌAnd€the€Brownie€and€he€at€a€monstrous€paceÌHuffed€[or€Pluffed(?)]€off€oer€[or€on]€it€bound€for€the€moon€sirÌThe€Brownie€he€thought€it€most€capital€funÌAs€long€as€the€clouds€they€were€dark€and€dimÌBut€when€they€were€coming€in€sight€of€the€sunÌWe€thought€it€high€time€to€go€down€sir€[end€p.€48]ÌÌ[Then€no.€177a,€top€49;€followed€by€a€line,€then€this]ÌÌThey€passed€by€the€church€yard€pale€grave€stonesÌThere€were€earthy€vapours€roseÌSmelling€of€skulls€and€dead€mens€bonesÌThat€the€Kelpie€held€his€noseÌThey€lightly€had€flown€for€many€a€mileÌAnd€midnight€struck€by€the€clock€of€CarlisleÌWhen€they€stood€on€a€lovely€and€lonely€isleÌWhere€the€derwents€bright€wave€flows€[end€p.€49]ÌÌ[p.€50]€The€Brownie€he€gazed€around€aroundÌAnd€he€whistled€once€and€twice€sirÌAnd€stayed€for€the€dying€away€of€the€soundÌAnd€then€he€whistled€thrice€sirÌHe€whistled€so€loud€and€so€sharp€and€so€shrillÌThe€red€deer€sprang€up€from€his€lair€on€the€hillÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€shook€off€his€slumber€so€silent€and€stillÌTo€list€for€the€[bou(?)€or€hou(?)]dogs€bayÌÌThen€came€sounding€above€in€the€midnight€airÌWhere€the€mountain€mist€was€wreathingÌAnd€they€came€from€beneath€the€wave€so€fairÌThey€were€singular€soundings€breathingÌOh€louder€and€louder€still€they€grewÌMany€a€whispering€strangely€flewÌOer€the€expanse€of€waters€blueÌWhere€the€ripples€were€lightly€heavingÌÌThere€was€something€behind€that€rustled€i€[no€ð ðnðð]€the€windÌThe€Kelpie€turned€and€loÌA€steed€with€a€star€on€€his€forehead€signedÌAs€white€as€the€€driven€snowÌBut€you€might€have€sought€his€body€all€oerÌEre€you€had€found€one€white€hair€moreÌAnd€bravely€oh€bravely€his€breast€he€boreÌAnd€he€pawed€the€earth€belowÌÌThere€was€something€in€hie€eye€through€you€knew€not€whyÌA€speculative€light€sirÌOf€no€mortal€breed€was€the€coal€black€steed€[end€p.€50]Ì[p.€51]€And€of€more€than€mortal€might€sirÌThe€Kelpie€caught€hold€of€his€tail€full€tightÌBounce€on€his€back€went€the€Brownie€wightÌThey€were€off€at€a€rate€like€the€eagles€flightÌWhen€he€[hovers(?)]€in€the€blue€sky€bright€sirÌÌI€have€heard€of€many€a€broomstick€chaseÌOf€cats€and€witches€[three(?)],€ohÌBut€never€at€any€time€or€placeÌHave€I€heard€of€such€a€trioÌThere€[manes(?)]€they€broke€upon€Derwents€shoreÌAs€the€coal€black€steed€and€the€burden€he€boreÌSplashing€and€[dashing(?)€or€clashing(?)]€galloped€oerÌÌOh€merrily€merrily€[clattering€clamping(?)]ÌOn€the€loose€and€shingly€shoreÌThe€steed€with€the€Kelpie€behind€him€went€trampingÌAnd€the€Brownie€squat€beforeÌOh€how€he€pricked€on€as€he€pricked€up€his€earÌGlanced€his€fiery€eye€to€the€rearÌWhen€round€a€rock€all€barren€and€sereÌThat€an€old€withered€oak€tree€boreÌÌCame€a€band€of€a€monstrous€comical€cutÌAt€a€galloping€rate€they€cameÌTheir€coursers€all€as€black€as€sootÌThemselves€were€just€the€sameÌSave€that€from€every€head€€was€streamingÌLike€star€flash€upon€ocean€beamingÌOne€<[short(?)]>€weak€pale€glancing€glimmering€gleaming€Ð .h)5 ÐA€failing€flickering€flameÌÌ[(?)]way€and€away€on€the€wings€of€the€blast€ÌThe€streams€they€dashed€right€throughÌBy€the€rumbling€and€roaring€Lowdore€they€pastÌWith€its€waters€bright€and€blueÌ[Ho(?)]€who€will€be€foremost€the€€Brownie€he€criedÌAnd€he€kicked€his€heels€on€his€coursers€sideÌHey€merrily€how€they€flewÌÌThe€Brownie€the€Brownie€he€still€kept€a€headÌThough€the€Kelpie€got€tired€of€the€tailÌAnd€the€cliffs€they€received€the€steeds€echoing€treadÌWhere€they€rose€to€the€moonbeams€paleÌOh€scampering€scampering€how€they€did€goÌWith€the€rocks€above€and€the€lake€belowÌWith€the€foam€of€its€ripples€like€driven€snow.ÌTill€they€came€upon€Keswicks€vale€€[followed€by€a€line€and€178]ÌÌÌà  à177a.€ð ðThe€eve€was€darkening€on€the€deep,ðð€February„March,€MS€VIII.€Unpublished.Ìà  àOverlooked€by€Cook€and€Wedderburn,€this€poem€is€embedded€between€the€eleventh€and€twelfth€stanzas€ofÏno.€177,€but€its€apocalyptic€subject€(apparently€the€Deluge)€clearly€does€not€belong€to€the€narrative€of€no.€177.€TheÏpoem€begins€the€top€of€a€recto€in€a€heavier€ink€than€the€eleventh€stanza€of€no.€177;€its€21€lines€are€not€divided€into€theÏ8„line€rhyming€stanzas€of€no.€177;€and€its€last€line€is€followed€by€a€horizontal€line,€dividing€it€from€the€twelfth€stanza€ofÏno.€177.Ìà  àAlternatively,€if€this€poem€already€occupied€this€place€and€Ruskin€wrapped€no.€177€around€it,€then€the€poemÏmust€be€dated€earlier„„but€by€how€much€earlier,€it€is€impossible€to€establish.ÌÌà  à178.€ð ðMy€Fatherððs€Birthday:€The€Month€of€May,ðð€May,€MSS€IA,€VIII.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:117„18;€òòWorksóó,€2:338„Ð X¨ Ð39;€òòRFLóó,€277„78.Ð  p Ðà  àòòRFLóó€prints€the€presentation€copy€in€MS€IA,€dated€10th€May€1833,€without€the€editorial€punctuation€in€òòPJRóóÐ è8 Ðand€òòWorksóó,€and€this€printing€is€treated€as€main€copytext€below.€In€a€note,€òòWorksóó€prints€draft€variants€from€MS€VIII,Ð °  Ðbut€incompletely€and€somewhat€inaccurately.ÌÌà  àòòLine€1,€MS€IAóó€May,€the€month€of€May]€May€the€Month€of€May€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ  X# Ðà  àòòLine€10,€MS€IAóó€In€daisied€mead,€by€sparkling€stream]€€On€daisied€mead€€by€sparklingÐ Ð $ Ðstream€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ˜!è% Ðà0  àFrom€line€17,€MS€VIII€shows€the€following€deleted€and€revised€lines:Ð (#(# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€But€doubly€pure€each€glancing€streamÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€More€verdant€every€treeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€And€brighter€every€noontide€beamÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€And€lovelier€to€meÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€More€deeply€blue€thy€sky€aboveÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€More€soft€each€songsters€lay€of€loveÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€For€in€thy€blooming€month€fair€MayÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` à€I€hail€my€fathers€natal€dayÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà  à180€(no.€179€omitted).€Account€of€a€Tour€of€the€Continent,€after€May€1833€and€into€1834.€MSS€IA,€VII,ÏVIII,€IX,€XI.€Selections€printed€òòPJRóó,€1:119„63,€283„85;€and€more€fully€in€òòWorksóó,€2:340„87.€Drawings,€besides€thoseÐ ø*H&1 Ðincluded€in€òòWorksóó,€reproduced€in€òòWSóó,€pl.€23a.€Early€publication€of€ð ðAndernachtðð€and€ð ðSt.€Goarðð€as€ð ðFragments€fromÐ À+'2 Ða€Metrical€Journalðð€in€òòFriendshipððs€Offeringóó,€1835€(i.e.,€apparently€the€òòFriendshipððs€Offeringóó€òòforóó€1836€is€intended;€seeÐ ˆ,Ø'3 ÐòòWorksóó,€2:353„54€n.€2;€38:4).€Early€publication€of€ð ðEhrenbreitstein€/€Fragment€from€a€Metrical€Journal.€/€(Aetat€16.)ððÐ P- (4 Ðin€òòPoemsóó,€8„12.Ð .h)5 Ðà  àAlthough€this€travelogue€has€come€to€be€known€familiarly€as€the€Account€of€a€Tour€of€the€Continent,€no€titleÏis€assigned€to€the€sequence€as€a€whole€in€any€of€the€manuscripts;€titles€are€given€only€to€some€individual€sections.ÏRuskin€began€drafting€the€sections€during€or€after€the€familyððs€1833€Continental€tour,€partly€in€MS€VIII„„a€notebookÏthat€had€been€used€previously€(and€continued€to€be€used€through€1836)€for€rough€copy„„and€partly€elsewhere,€perhapsÏon€loose€sheets,€now€lost,€judging€by€evidence€in€MS€IA.€Among€the€assorted€loose€items€in€MS€IA€are€copies€ofÏselected€sections€of€the€poem,€copies€that€are€probably€earlier€than€their€final€fair€copies€in€MS€IX,€but€that€appear€tooÏneat€to€represent€first€draft.€Parts€of€these€copies€are€in€John€Jamesððs€hand;€likewise,€other€portions€of€the€poem€inÏMSS€VII€and€XI€are€fair„copied€by€hands€other€than€Ruskinððs,€possibly€his€motherððs€or€Mary€Richardsonððs.Ìà  àToward€the€end€of€the€drafts€of€sections€in€MS€VIII,€and€mixed€in€with€them,€there€occur€drafts€of€theÏbirthday€poems€for€John€James,€nos.€188€and€192,€establishing€that€Ruskin€was€drafting€the€Account€well€into€1834.ÏFair„copying€in€MS€IX€(with€the€remarkably€exacting€pencil€imitations€of€line€engravings€pasted€in)€was€perhaps€carriedÏon€throughout€1834,€judging€by€the€scarcity€of€other€work€from€that€year.€It€is€possible,€however,€that€the€fair€copy€hadÏbeen€largely€completed€through€its€Rhine€journey€sections€during€the€winter€of€1833€and€early€1834.€Following€theÏincompletely€fair„copied€prose€section€on€Heidelberg,€which€was€the€last€section€to€be€fair„copied,€MS€IX€contains€onlyÏdrawings,€some€of€which€appear€inspired€by€Ruskinððs€birthday€gift€of€22€February€1834,€William€BrockendonððsÏòòIllustrations€of€the€Passes€of€the€Alpsóó.€It€is€as€if,€enthralled€by€his€new€book,€Ruskin€desired€only€to€try€his€hand€at€suchÐ h¸  Ðillustrations€as€Brockendonððs,€ð ðcarrying€me€again€over€the€summits€of€the€higher€Alps,€over€the€winding€paths€ofÏSplugen,€and€the€glaciered€crest€of€the€Simplon,€and€the€summmer€snows€of€the€St€Bernard,€and€the€lovely€plains€ofÏgentle€Italyðð€(òòRFLóó€278).€This€hypothesis„„that€Ruskin€had€been€steadily€fair„copying€and€drawing€in€MS€IX,€until€hisÐ À Ðattention€was€captured€by€imitating€Brockendon€in€late€February€1834„„appears€corroborated€by€comparing€theÏsequence€of€sections€in€the€fair€copy€against€the€progress€of€draft€in€MS€VIII.Ìà  àTo€facilitate€the€following€comparisons€of€fair€copy€with€rough€draft,€Table€1€arranges€the€sections€of€theÏAccount€in€columns€according€to€manuscript.€Column€?,€listing€MS€IX,€the€illustrated€fair€copy,€should€be€read€as€theÏbase€column,€for€only€here€are€the€sections€listed€in€the€order€they€appear€in€manuscript.€Other€manuscript€copies€ofÏsections€(in€IA,€VII,€VIII,€and€XI)€are€matched€against€the€base€column€in€order€to€establish€the€relationship€betweenÏdrafting€and€fair„copying.€Thus,€the€columns€for€MSS€IA,€VII,€VIII,€and€XI€do€not€show€the€sequential€order€ofÏsections€in€those€manuscripts,€but€the€sequences€can€be€inferred€from€column€?,€which€lists€Ruskinððs€continuous€lineÏnumbering.Ìà  àRuskinððs€line€numbering,€which€he€used€in€MSS€IA€and€VIII,€is€carried€sequentially€throughout€the€poems;Ïi.e.,€he€did€not€start€his€numbering€anew€with€each€poem€but€numbered€continuously€from€poem€to€poem,€skippingÏover€the€prose€draft.€Presumably€the€system€served€Ruskin€as€a€guide€to€fair„copying.€In€the€fair€copy,€MS€IX,€he€leftÏsome€pages€blank€for€prose€or€poetry€to€be€added€later€but€pasted€in€illustrations,€and€he€filled€other€pages€with€writingÏbut€left€blank€spaces€for€illustrations.€To€work€in€this€piecemeal€manner,€he€must€have€known€the€length€of€theÏsections€to€be€copied„„hence,€his€line€numbering.€It€is€tempting€to€declare€that€the€numbering€also€establishes€theÏsequence€of€composition;€however,€the€numbering€could€have€been€added€at€any€time€after€the€poemsðð€drafting.€ÌÌ;€however,€the€order€of€sections€in€these€manuscripts€is€more€conveniently€listed€in€Part€1.€For€other€directions€toÏinterpreting€Table€1,€see€the€notes€at€the€bottom€of€the€table.)Ìà  àThe€chronology€of€composition€is€equally€conjectural,€since€Ruskin€left€no€dates€on€draft€or€fair€copy.€TheÏfirst€five€poems€of€the€travelogue€(ð ðCalais,ðð€ð ðCassel,ðð€ð ðLille,ðð€ð ðBrussels,ðð€and€ð ðThe€Meuseðð),€without€their€respectiveÏprose€sections,€appear€on€two€sheets€in€MS€IA€in€the€order€they€are€fair„copied€in€the€illustrated€version,€MS€IX€(seeÏpart€1,€MS€IA,€ð ðContent,ðð€òògóó).€These€sheets€are€mostly€in€Ruskinððs€hand€but€partly€in€John€Jamesððs.€What€stage€of€draftÐ ¸$ ) Ðthey€represent€cannot€be€determined,€except€that€they€probably€predate€the€fair„copy€MS€IX,€since€they€share€aÏcharacteristic€of€the€MS€VIII€draft„„namely,€Ruskinððs€line€numbering,€The€line€numbering€on€the€two€MS€IA€sheetsÏcontaining€the€first€five€poems€begins€at€one€and€carries€through€173€for€the€first€four€poems;€the€fifth€poem,€ð ðTheÏMeuse,ðð€is€unnumbered,€because€it€is€crowded€sideways€on€the€second€sheet,€with€no€space€left€for€numbering.Ìà  àOne€might€infer€from€these€two€sheets€in€MS€IA€containing€the€initial€poems€of€the€Account€that€RuskinÏcomposed€substantial€portions€of€the€verse€prior€to€the€prose.€Such€a€conclusion€cannot€be€warranted,€however,€inÏabsence€of€the€purpose€of€these€sheets.€Another€folded€sheet€in€MS€IA€does€contain€a€prose€section,€ð ðCalais,ðð€as€well€asÏthe€poems€ð ðPassing€the€Alps,ðð€ð ðMilan€Cathedral,ðð€ð ðAndernacht,ðð€and€ð ðSt.€Goarðð€(see€part€1,€MS€IA,€ð ðContent,ðð€òògóó).Ð ø*H&1 ÐLike€the€other€sheets€in€MS€IA,€this€appears€to€be€a€semifinal€copy,€to€which€Ruskin€has€assigned€sequential€lineÏnumbers€to€the€all€the€poems€(i.e.,€not€poem€by€poem).€Like€the€other€two€sheets€in€MS€IA,€this€sheet€is€undateableÏauthoritatively,€although€it€probably€belongs€to€1834:€its€unique€copies€of€ð ðPassing€the€Alpsðð€and€ð ðMilan€CathedralððÏsuggest€a€later€stage€of€composition,€following€the€Rhine€journey€poems€that€end€the€fair€copy€in€MS€IX;€but€the€sheetÐ .h)5 Ðcannot€be€very€late,€since€its€versions€of€ð ðAndernachtðð€and€ð ðSt.€Goarðð€are€the€original€poems,€not€the€later€versions€asÏrevised€for€òòFriendshipððs€Offeringóó,€published€in€1835.Ð xÈ Ðà  àThe€pieces€fair„copied€in€MS€VII€cannot€be€dated,€except€as€probably€postdating€the€last€use€of€that€notebookÏfor€the€fair€copy€of€ð ðAthens.ðð€Since€the€draft€of€that€epic€was€abandoned€in€1832,€prior€to€the€Account€project,€thisÏlower€limiting€date€is€of€no€use.Ìà  àOnly€the€MS€VIII€pieces€are€unquestionably€rough€drafts€and€probably€more€or€less€sequential,€thereforeÏproviding€clues€to€the€order€of€composition,€if€not€precise€dates.€Also,€on€the€back€endpapers€of€MS€VIII,€RuskinÏentered€a€list€of€proposed€sections€of€the€poem€(reproduced€in€òòWSóó,€pl.€6b).Ð ( x Ðà  àTable€1€shows€that€the€first€draft€sections€in€MS€VIII€to€be€fair„copied€in€MS€IX€were€the€prose€sections€onÏAndernacht€and€St.€Goar.€At€this€stage€MS€IX€falters€to€a€halt,€with€spaces€for€drawings€left€blank,€and€the€fair€copyÏfollowing€St.€Goar„„on€Heidelberg„„left€incomplete.€Since€the€fter€St.€Goar,€the€Meuse,€Cologne,€and€Brussels„„¼respectively,€the€fourth,€fifth,€eleventh,€twelfth,€fifteenth€and€seventeenth€Account„related€entries€in€MS€VIII.€This€mayÏsuggest,€though€with€no€certainty,€that€by€the€time€Ruskin€was€about€halfway€into€the€MS€VIII€draft€(i.e.,€the€fifteenthÏand€seventeenth€of€thirty„seven€items€in€MS€VIII),€he€had€already€begun€fair„copying€and€illustrating€MS€IX,€i.e.,€theÏpoetry€and€prose€sections€of€ð ðCalais,ðð€ð ðCassel,ðð€ð ðLille,ðð€ð ðBrussels,ðð€ð ðMeuse,ðð€ð ðAix„la„Chapelle,ðð€ð ðCologne,ððÏð ðAndernacht,ðð€ð ðEhrenbreitstein,ðð€ð ðSt.€Goar,ðð€and€ð ðHeidelberg.ðð€(Note€that€MS€IXððs€relatively€late€prose€sections€forÏð ðAndernachtðð€and€ð ðSt.€Goarðð€occur€quite€early€in€MS€VIII,€the€fourth€and€fifth€entries,€while€ð ðAix„la„Chapelleðð€andÏð ðEhrenbreitsteinðð€and€ð ðHeidelbergðð€occur€later€among€the€MS€VIII€entries,€scattered€between€the€twenty„first€andÏthirty„third.)Ìà  àSince€the€verse€portions€of€the€five€opening€sections€of€MS€IX€exist€in€MS€IA€copy,€one€might€hazard€thatÏRuskin€began€by€drafting,€fair„copying,€and€illustrating€the€Account€as€a€response€to€Samuel€Proutððs€òòSketches€inÐ P  ÐFlanders€and€Germanyóó.€MS€VIII,€despite€its€drafts€related€to€the€German€stages€of€the€journey,€appears€more€closelyÐ h Ðmodeled€on€Samuel€Rogersððs€òòItalyóó.€Putting€aside€the€prose€sections€on€Andernacht€and€St.€Goar,€MS€VIII€begins€withÐ à0 Ða€cluster€of€mountain€pieces„„the€Arveron€and€Arve€pieces,€the€sighting€of€the€Alps€from€Schaffhausen,€the€crossing€ofÏthe€Alps€into€Italy„„and€then€roughly€alternates€Italian€and€Swiss€with€German€descriptions.Ìà  àIn€the€absence€of€benchmark€dates€except€at€the€point€when€Ruskin€paused€amid€the€ð ðTourðð€in€MS€VIII€toÏcompose€his€fatherððs€birthday€poems€for€1834€(see€app.€A,€MS€VIII,€ð ðContent,ðð€[òòbóó]),€various€scenarios€are€possible.Ð P ÐUnquestionably,€the€fair„copying€in€MS€IX€was€begun€at€home,€following€the€journey,€since€sections€as€early€as€ð ðLilleððÏcomment€on€Italian€stages€of€the€itenerary€(although€the€tipped„in€drawings€conceivably€could€have€been€startedÏduring€the€journey).€This€fair„copying€may€have€started€from€draft,€now€lost€though€possibly€represented€by€sheets€inÏMS€IA,€that€could€have€been€composed€during€the€journey€itself,€or€soon€following€it.€If€so,€the€draft€in€MS€VIII€showsÏRuskin€composing€for€the€on„going€fair„copying€of€Lowland€and€German€sections€and,€simultaneously,€for€the€laterÏlargely€Swiss€and€Italian€sections€that€were€never€fair„copied.€(Ruskin€did,€however,€place€illustrations,€with€no€text,€inÏMS€IX€that€depict€mountain€and€lake€scenes€for€the€later€sections;€see€òòWorksóó€2:364€n.€1.€For€these€sketches,€he€alsoÐ xÈ! Ðput€to€use€an€older€rough„draft€notebook,€MS€VI;€see€app.€A,€ð ðContentðð€[òòeóó].)€The€illustration€of€the€Swiss€passagesÐ @" Ðcould€have€been€spurred,€not€only€by€Rogersððs€òòItalyóó,€but€also€by€William€Brockendonððs€òòIllustrations€of€the€Passes€of€theÐ  X# ÐAlpsóó€and€H.€B.€Saussureððs€òòVoyages€dans€les€Alpesóó,€both€of€which€Ruskin€received€for€his€birthday€in€February€1834Ð Ð $ Ð(òòRFLóó€278).Ð ˜!è% Ðà  àAlternatively,€MS€VIII€could€represent€Ruskinððs€initial€poetic€response€to€the€Continent„„the€sublimities€ofÏthe€Alps€and€the€Italian€lakes,€mediated€by€Scott,€Rogers,€and€Byron,€taking€precedence€over€the€Proutian€picturesque.Ï(Even€the€early€occurring€ð ðAndernachtðð€and€ð ðSt.€Goarðð€prose€sections€concern€the€psychology€of€mountain€and€hillÏviewing.)ÌÌ181.€"The€lake€smiled€sweetly,€and€the€boy,"€May€1833€into€1834,€MS€VIII;€unpublished.Ìà  àIn€the€description€of€MS€VIII€in€òòWorksóó€2:533,€the€editors€list€this€separately€from€the€òòTouróó€no.€180,€and€theyÐ '`", Ðdo€not€include€it€in€their€printing€of€the€òòTouróó€itself;€but€the€piece€appears€among€the€drafts€in€MS€VIII€for€the€òòTouróóÐ Ø'(#- Ðand€thematically€belongs€to€that€project.€See€App.€A,€description€of€MS€VIII€(C.òòbóó).Ð  (ð#. ÐÌ182.€Sermons€XI„XXI€(fair„copy)€and€sermon€XVIII€(draft)€of€òòSermons€on€Pentateauchóó,€from€May€or€late€SeptemberÐ 0*€%0 Ð1833€and€possibly€into€1834,€MSS€IIC„E,€IIIA;€printed€òòRCRóó.Ð ø*H&1 Ðà  àSee€summary€remarks€on€dating€MSS€IIA„E€(app.€A)€and€nos.€170,€174„75.€€The€draft€of€sermon€XVIIIÏsurvives€in€a€Red€Book,€MS€IIIA,€following€the€mineralogy€notes,€no.€172,€that€were€probably€abstracted€from€JamesonÏin€early€1833.€€Since€Ruskin€had€been€exploiting€unused€space€in€the€Red€Books€for€sermon€drafts€up€through€sermonÏX€(see€nos.€174„75),€the€abrupt€absence€of€draft€for€sermons€XI„XVII€tempts€one€to€think€that€they€were€draftedÐ .h)5 Ðabroad,€during€the€summer€tour€of€the€Continent,€during€which€the€Red€Books€might€have€been€left€at€home.€€It€wasÏnot€uncommon€for€Ruskin€to€compose€and€even€fair„copy€his€"works"€during€holidays€(see,€e.g.,€no.€83),€and€theÏexercise€would€have€provided€a€Protestant€anecdote€to€three€months€of€travel€in€Catholic€nations.€€This€theory€isÏsomewhat€weakened,€however,€by€the€absence€of€sermon€drafts€in€MS€VIII,€the€rough„copy€notebook€that€he€may€haveÏcarried€on€the€tour€to€compose€"A€Tour€of€the€Continent,"€no.€180,€and€by€the€lack€of€consistency€in€his€method€ofÏsermon€drafting€from€the€start€(see€no.€170).€€In€any€case,€whether€the€òòSermonsóó€project€was€continued€throughout€theÐ ˜è Ðsummer€or€resumed€after€the€family's€return€on€September€21,€its€continuation€(as€well€as€its€eventual€incompletion)Ïwas€tied€to€"A€Tour€of€the€Continent"„„an€ambitious€secular€project€that€also€was€left€incomplete.ÌÌ182a.€ð ðOh€quelle€odeur,ðð€about€December,€MS€VIII;€unpublished.Ìà  àThis€poem€begins€the€reverso€section€containing€the€small€group€of€poems,€nos.€182a„85.€See€note,€no.€183.ÌÌ183.€"Once€on€a€time€the€wight€Stupidity"€["The€Invention€of€Quadrilles"],€December,€MS€VIII;€printed€òòPJRóó€1:175,Ð `  ÐòòWorksóó€2:394.Ð Ø(  Ðà  àMisdated€late€1834€in€òòWorksóó€(see€2:388€n.€1,€394).€€In€January€and€March€of€1834,€John€James€paid€forÐ  ð  ÐJohn's€dancing€lessons€(òòRFLóó€282€n.1),€but€the€January€payment€must€settle€the€preceding€month's€account€when€thisÐ h¸  Ðpoem€appears€to€have€been€written.€€In€MS€VIII€this€and€a€two„stanza€French€poem€(no.€182a)€precede€drafts€of€theÏNew€Year's€poem€for€January€1834,€no.€185.€€This€group€was€entered€in€MS€VIII€from€the€opposite€end€and€upside„¼down€to€the€bulk€of€the€entries.ÌÌ184.€"It€was€as€if€awaking€from€a€dream,"€December,€MS€VIII;€unpublished.Ìà  àMisdated€1834€in€òòWorksóó€2:538;€follows€no.€183€before€New€Year's€poems,€nos.€185€and€185a„b.€DepartingÐ h Ðfrom€the€character€of€surrounding€poems,€in€this€fragment€Ruskin€imagines€a€beatific€vision.ÌÌà  à185.€ð ðThe€dawn€is€breaking€on€the€bending€hills,ðð€late€December,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àIt€is€strange€that€Cook€and€Wedderburn€concur€with€Collingwood€that€no.€183€was€written€in€late€1834€butÏthen€claim€that€no.€185,€which€follows€no.€183€in€MS€VIII,€was€ð ðperhaps€written€at€the€end€of€1833ðð€(òòWorksóó,€2:388€n.Ð P Ð1)€as€a€New€Yearððs€address.€They€are€correct,€I€believe,€that€nos.€185€and€185a€date€from€the€end€of€1833€but€only€ifÏno.€183€also€dates€from€that€time.Ìà  àThe€editors€assume€that€nos.€185€and€185a€form€a€single€New€Yearððs€poem.€When€giving€a€sample€of€no.€185Ï(òòWorksóó€2:388€n.€1),€they€quote€what€I€call€185a.€(In€doing€so,€they€jumble€the€lines,€starting€with€lines€16„20,€andÐ  p Ðfollowing€with€lines€9„12.)€They€may€be€correct€in€taking€both€poems€as€a€whole;€the€three€strophes€comprised€in€nos.Ï185„85a€are€not€separated€by€horizontal€lines,€Ruskinððs€usual€way€in€MS€VIII€of€indicating€separate€works.€All€that€isÏcertain,€however,€is€that€the€second€and€third€strophes€belong€together€to€form€no.€185a,€since€the€two€stanzas€share€aÏcommon€refrain.€(A€heavily€canceled€poem,€no.€185b,€which€immediately€follows€no.€185a€without€an€interveningÏhorizontal€line,€might€also€belong€to€the€entire€set€of€nos.€185„185a,€but€too€little€of€the€poem€remains€legible€toÏascertain€its€purpose.)€Ìà  àWhether€nos.€185€and€185a€are€treated€as€two€poems€or€one,€their€relationship€the€same.€The€tone€of€no.Ï185,€an€unusually€somber€and€meditative€New€Yearððs€poem,€is€reversed€by€that€of€no.€185a.€No€more€of€suchÏsolemnity,€the€second€poem€declares;€ð ðOh,€I€must€throw€in€a€little€more€spunk€/€Than€this€namby€pamby€flipsy.ððÌà  àIf€either€or€both€of€these€poems€were€ever€fair€copied€as€New€Yearððs€presentations,€the€fair€copies€areÏunknown.€Nor€is€any€other€fair„copy€New€Yearððs€ode€known€to€be€extant€for€January€1,€1834.ÌÌThe€dawn€is€breaking€on€the€bending€hillsÌF[old(?)]€flowððr€and€field€are€redolent€with€dew.ÌThe€sun€is€rising€oer€the€champaigns€blueÌThe€years€first€sun€is€gladdening€the€fieldsÌMethinks€the€flowers€look€fresher€than€they€didÌBecause€the€year€hath€gathered€in€his€days,ÌAnd€is€a€child€again€€All€hail,€young€YearÌI€echo€back€the€voice€of€other€thingsÌThe€blue€sky€saith€all€hail,€and€the€white€clouds,ÌSeem€welcoming€the€kiss€of€the€glad€sun.ÌOh€would€that€I€had€wings,€that€I€might€flyÐ .h)5 ÐUnto€those€chariots€of€airy€cloud,ÌAnd€thence€look€down€upon€the€sea,€and€earthÌAnd€see€the€festival€which€nature€holds[,]ÌOn€the€years€birthday,€for€it€hath€but€oneÌAnd€tis€a€gladsome€time,€for€theres€a€soul,ÌA€spirit€in€beginning,€that€calls€forthÌThe€latent€energies€of€wearied€man,ÌInto€full€action.€May€they€be€improved,ÌNor€drown€themselves€again€in€ApathyÌLike€wearied€Autumn,€or€the€languid€eveÌThat€shades€itself€away€into€the€night.ÌI€know€not€Father,€if€to€wish€you€aught,ÌBut€a€continuance€of€the€Good€possessððd,ÌWould€not€be€almost€mockery.€If€we€knewÌWhat€would€indeed€afford€us€benefit,ÌThen€we€should€ask,€&€have,€but€as€it€is[,]ÌThe€wished€for€good€might€bring€a€load€of€ill,ÌIll€unavoidable€if€that€were€given,ÌAnd€source€of€disappointment,€and€of€griefÌIf€that€in€kindness€were€denied€to€us.ÌThen€father,€may€the€Ruler€of€all€thingsÌDispense€the€joy€or€sorrow€to€us€all,ÌThe€evil,€or€the€good,€as€listeth€him,ÌBelieving,€that€he€knoweth€how€to€giveÌAnd€how€to€bring€forth€Good€from€every€thing.ÌÌà  à185a.€ð ðOh€I€must€throw€in€a€little€more€spunk,ðð€late€December,€MS€VIII.€Quoted€in€òòWorksóó€2:388€n.€1.Ð P ÐPreviously€unpublished€in€entirety.Ìà  àSee€note€to€no.€185.ÌÌOh€I€must€throw€in€a€little€more€spunk,ÌThan€this€namby€pamby€flipsy,ÌLo€may€London€all€get€roaring€drunk.ÌAnd€the€Methodists€all€get€tipsy.ÌMay€every€one€moisten€his€noddle,ÌWith€Xeres€as€long€as€heððs€ableÌAnd€may€he€sit€over€his€bottle,ÌUntil€he€lies€under€this€tableÌHo€for€the€grape€[pips(?)],€hey€for€the€vine€sticksÌBlack€uns,€and€white€uns€and€all,ÌHo€the€grape€berries€and€wine€of€Good€Xeres,ÌVats,€butts€cellars€and€all[.]ÌÌLet€them€say€they€like€water€who€cannot€get€wine.ÌIts€nothing€but€bounces€and€crack,€sir.ÌLet€them€praise€port€and€claret,€and€say€theyve€great€meritÌTheres€nothing€like€very€old€sack,€sir!ÌBottles€of€sack€be€there€none€whole,ÌDrinking€french€liquours€weððre€sick€oððtÌLo€may€sherry€be€drank€at€the€bungholeÌAnd€all€other€wines€at€the€spigotÌHo€for€the€grape€pips€hey€for€the€wine€sticks€&cÌÌà  à185b.€ð ðIs€there€water€in€the€desert,ðð€late€December€or€early€1834,€MS€VIII.€Unpublished.Ð .h)5 Ðà  àThis€poem€is€scored€through€with€a€careful€determination€that€rarely€occurs€in€MS€VIII.€Such€thoroughÏerasure€in€no.€145€seemed€to€indicate€an€embarrassment€of€some€kind,€and€that€may€be€Ruskinððs€concern€here,€as€well.ÏA€few€barely€legible€phrases€suggest€a€personal€trouble:€ð ðI€loved,ðð€ð ðCan€ye€blight€the€deep,€ð ðalone.ðð€It€also€possible€thatÏthis€poem€was€related€in€some€way€to€the€New€Yearððs€odes,€nos.€185„185a;€see€no.€185.€ññ