ÿWPC* Nk”Ý汬p!d!x“¸‚ßþc &=¬0o£PZrpX§%ŽSº/h%yN=ñÓ8”+¾É@/wÅãLüoeçB]B5LBIK·)€,ìÍàÅ´æq¼dÎbU½],'Ï<ì‚Ž*-l»@Æð­Dà‚ÓzN£ tšWìÝèÙMbCK(­…¶Õ»<ò³­OÙ‘3¨‚ˆ7ˆQ87‡Žâùæ¨]c÷înbä,¡:Ë—}<¼eŽ¦.äsÿómƒ=†Kí^bp ¶¯ºªZ%ÛÕ›P5;fø¶%n– ŠXŸºûÈõ=œY¾»’Ó³g é{ýËr£iJXðÁrkÊn?}-q >Ðü= 1$Õ1B»šš‰!§C4tûÝeÅ¡öm¤ ÄÇ/Ö[V7>lnw*ô;𠃻¨)xe™‰š‚¨ÉL Á«ê3GæhšÄ“‚æÇå ØDö ãи‹É†£â6tÌŸ,ײ—ñ§¹Ã9UQv4Vêhž9¬!E£ü-Ôjè'1±R 4ÍP[åñÞÚ›æê²L÷êFëxç7åQŠj~¥¿…;V 5ÜPw-tTÚj5Mì¼_ø料÷à‡Ù·yí¾Â”qN #!šUN» %  0(n­7w ä4î m˜HP LaserJet 4,ü,,,,,ü0(=”Ò <‹6Goudy Old Style Regularõ($¡¡«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@·q,ü=3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýññà@DD(ìà1835ˆÌà@ààìàòòSee€also€no.€98,€194„95.óóˆÐ xÈ ÐÌ196.€Mineralogy€notes,€1835„36(?),€MS€IVD;€unpublished,€but€a€portion€facsimilied€in€Willard€Thorp,€"The€RuskinÏManuscripts,"€òòThe€Princeton€University€Library€Chronicleóó€I,€no.€2€(February€1940):€1„10,€and€in€òòWSóó€fig.€7,€€and€òòRGIóóÐ Ð  Ðfigs.€11„12.Ìà  àThese€notes€are€sewn€with€the€Mineralogical€Dictionary,€no.€98,€but€probably€postdate€that€project.€€TheÏnotes€begin€with€an€account€of€Himalayan€geology,€which€I€have€traced€verbatim€to€Hugh€Murray€et€al.,€òòHistorical€andÐ ( x ÐDescriptive€Account€of€British€India€.€.€.óó€(1832),€containing€contributions€on€geology€by€Robert€Jameson,€whose€nameÐ ð @ Ðwould€have€attracted€Ruskin€to€the€book.€€These€notes€could€of€course€have€been€collected€anytime€after€1832;Ïhowever,€later€passages€quote€from€Lyell's€òòPrinciples€of€Geologyóó€(1833),€a€controversial€work€that€Ruskin€knewÐ € Ð  Ðapparently€by€1836€(òòRFLóó€336)€but€that€he€would€not,€I€think,€have€been€exposed€to€in€earlier€childhood.€(Also,€asÐ H ˜  ÐSheila€Emerson€has€discovered,€several€illustrations€are€meticulously€copied€from€Lyell€[òòRGIóó,€p.€80].)€€The€contentÐ `  Ðextracted€from€both€Jameson€and€Lyell€suggests,€moreover,€interests€advanced€beyond€the€Mineralogical€Dictionary:Ïthe€Indian€mineralogy€is€often€quoted€for€its€architectural€uses,€and€an€extended€discussion€of€volcanic€phenomenaÏ(basaltic€flows,€tuffa€deposits€from€cold€springs,€etc.)€points€to€landscape€interests€more€comprehensive€than€the€list€ofÏindividual€minerals€in€the€dictionary.€€Finally,€the€many€pen„and„ink€diagrams€scattered€among€the€notes€areÏpainstaking€and€sophisticated,€and€the€flush„and„hang€style€of€the€entries€differs€markedly€from€the€dictionary's€style.€ÏPhysically,€the€paper€matches€one€of€those€used€for€the€third€and€last€handsewn€booklet€of€the€dictionary;€hence,Ïperhaps€the€booklet€for€these€notes€was€sewn€and€put€to€use€not€long€after€the€dictionary€had€come€to€a€halt€aboutÏ1835.Ìà  àOther€scattered€references€in€these€notes,€only€some€of€which€I€have€been€able€to€identify€and€not€all€ofÏwhich€would€necessarily€have€belonged€to€Ruskin,€include€a€direct€quotation€on€the€saltiness€of€the€MediterraneanÏfrom€volume€8€(1835)€of€òòThe€Magazine€of€Natural€Historyóó;€"Dr.€Macculloch,"€probably€referring€to€the€geologist€JohnÐ ¨ø ÐMacCulloch€(1773„1835)€(possible€titles€suggested€by€J.€S.€Dearden€are€MacCulloch's€òòRemarks€on€Art€of€Making€WineóóÐ pÀ Ð[2d€ed.,€1817];€òòDescription€of€Western€Isles€of€Scotlandóó€[3€vols.,€1819];€òòMalariaóó€[1827];€or€òòDictionary€.€.€.€of€CommerceÐ 8ˆ Ðand€Commercial€Navigationóó€[1832]);€"Dr.€Hibbert"€(perhaps,€as€suggested€by€Dearden,€G.€Hibbert,€òòTales€of€theÐ P ÐCordelier€Metamorphosesóó,€with€cuts€by€Cruikshank€[1821]);€one€of€Mariana€Starke's€works,€probably€òòTravels€inÐ È ÐEurope€between€.€.€.€1824€and€1828€.€.€.óó,€2€vols.€(Leghorn,€1828),€which€contains€commentary€on€mining€and€whichÐ à Ðhad€been€in€the€Ruskin€household€since€December€1833€(òòRFLóó€286€n.1);€John€Leonard€Knapp's€òòJournal€of€a€NaturalistóóÐ X¨ Ð(18??);€a€"green"€òòFriendship's€Offeringóó€on€Bombay;€news€of€Breishaupt's€discovery€of€the€new€metal€tridium,€"extractedÐ  p Ðfrom€17th€and€18th€Nos.€of€òòAnnals€of€Chemistry€and€Physicsóó"€(possibly€a€second„hand€reference);€and€severalÐ è8 Ðreferences€to€"Ebel"€(identified€by€Dearden€as€L.„G.€Ebel,€òòManuel€des€Voyageur€en€Suisseóó€[Paris:€Audin,€1830„31];€aÐ °  Ðcopy€signed€and€dated€1835€by€John€James,€now€at€Bembridge,€would€have€been€used€during€the€family's€1835€tour€onÏthe€Continent).ÌÌ197.€"The€fire€is€bright€the€day€is€cold,"€January€22,€MS€VIII;€unpublished.Ìà  àDated€by€Ruskin€between€the€poemððs€first€and€second€stanzas;€follows€stanzas€12„17€of€no.€194.ÌÌ198.€Rhyming€letter€to€John€James€["I'm€in€a€hurry,€'tis€no€sham"],€February€18,€MS€XI;€printed€òòRFLóó€295„98.Ð (#x' ÐÌ199.€Rhyming€letter€to€John€James€["As€up€to€day€I€came€from€school"],€March€11,€MS€XI;€printed€òòRFLóó€309„13€and,€inÐ ¸$ ) Ðpart,€òòWorksóó€1:xxxii€n.€1,€2:444.Ð €%Ð * Ðà  àCook€and€Wedderburn€abstracted€three€stanzas€of€this€letter€and€printed€them€under€the€title€"The€World€ofÏthe€Sky."ÌÌ200.€"Mr€Domecq€Conducted€to€Machernudo€by€the€Genius€of€Wine:€A€Dream,€and€No€Dream€["The€skylark€hadÏfolded€his€wing"],€May€10,€MSS€VIII,€XI;€printed€òòRFLóó€316„18.Ð h)¸$/ Ðà  àIn€MS€VIII,€the€draft€(with€a€variant€stanza€9)€of€this€birthday€ode€for€John€James€follows€no.€197,€and€it€isÏfollowed€by€no.€201;€the€fair€copy€in€MS€XI,€dated€May€10,€is€preceded€by€no.€201.ÌÌ201.€"'Tis€but€a€day,"€May€10,€MSS€VIII,€XI;€printed€òòRFLóó€314„16.Ð ˆ,Ø'3 Ðà  àBirthday€ode€for€John€James;€see€note€to€no.€200.ÌÐ .h)5 Ð202.€Diary€(prose),€June€2€through€September€25,€€Bem€MS€1;€published€in€òòThe€Diaries€of€John€Ruskinóó,€ed.€JoanÐ ° ÐEvans€and€John€Howard€Whitehouse,€3€vols.€(Oxford:€Clarendon€Press,€1956):€I:2„72.Ìà  àBeginning€with€the€1835€family€tour€to€the€Continent,€Ruskin€began€keeping€the€diaries€that€accompaniedÏhim€throughout€his€life.€€This€18€by€10.5€cm.€red€leather€volume€was€used,€unlike€his€first€travel€diary€of€1830,€no.€83,Ïto€record€almost€exclusively€geological€and€other€scientific€observations.€€In€keeping€with€what€has€been€a€developingÏtendency€in€the€juvenilia€manuscripts,€different€kinds€of€writing€are€kept€separate,€so€that€the€poetic€effusionsÏoccasioned€by€this€tour€were€thrown€into€the€poetic€journal,€no.€203,€witty€rhymed€letters,€nos.€204„5,€and€shorterÏpieces€in€MS€VIII.€€To€give€more€attention€to€the€poetry,€I€suspect,€Ruskin€suddenly€abandoned€this€scientific€diary€inÏlate€September,€well€before€the€journey's€conclusion€in€December.€€He€would€have€used€October€and€November€toÏpolish€poetry€for€the€òòFriendship's€Offeringóó€for€1836€(i.e.,€publ.€1835),€perhaps€at€his€father's€behest€(see€no.€207).€€ButÐ ¸   ÐRuskin's€scientific€aspirations€were€eventually€indulged€when,€according€to€an€inscription€on€the€flyleaf€of€12€AprilÏ1836,€the€diary€was€lent€to€J.€C.€Loudon€to€scan€for€material€suitable€for€publication€in€the€òòMagazine€of€NaturalÐ H ˜  ÐHistoryóó,€resulting€in€no.€243.€€The€magazine€(for€which€see€note€to€no.€190)€had€already€published€Ruskin's€nos.€190„Ð `  Ð91,€and€193.ÌÌ203.€"Journal€of€a€Tour€through€France€to€Chamouni,€1835"€June€to€December€and€after,€MS€X;€printed€in€part€òòPJRóóÐ h¸  Ð1:181„223,€and€in€full€òòWorksóó€2:396„428.Ð 0€  Ðà  àComposed€during€the€long€Continental€tour€taken€for€John's€health,€after€an€attack€of€pleurisy€in€the€spring.€ÏThe€journal€is€in€the€style€of€Byron's€travel€poems.€€Presumably€its€fair„copying€was€carried€on€into€1836.€€See€alsoÏ"Undateable€and€Uncertain"€no.€B.ÌÌ204.€ð ðDear€Richard,€/€At€Paris€in€the€Rue€la€Paixðð€["A€Letter€from€Abroad"],€June€14„„September€2,€MS€X;€printed€òòPJRóóÐ h Ð1:224„35,€òòWorksóó€2:429„38.Ð à0 Ðà  àA€rhymed€letter€to€Richard€Fall,€a€copy€of€the€original€sent€to€Ruskin's€friend.€Collingwoodððs€title.ÌÌ205.€Rhymed€letter€to€Willoughby€Jones,€July€15€through€October,€MS€XI;€quoted€òòWorksóó€2:395€n.€1;€and€òòJ.€R.€andÐ 8ˆ ÐSwitzerlandóó,€2.Ð P Ðà  àLike€no.€204€written€during€the€summer€tour.€Jones€was€Ruskinððs€fellow€pupil€at€Thomas€Daleððs€day€schoolÏwhere€Ruskin€attended€1834„36€(òòRFLóó€299€nn.€3,€2).€In€his€rhymed€letters€to€his€father,€Ruskin€always€refers€toÐ à ÐWilloughby€as€ð ðWill€you€buyðð€(òòRFLóó€295,€310).Ð X¨ Ðà  àThe€editors€of€the€Library€Edition€are€only€apparently€confused€in€dating€the€letter€as€July€15€in€theirÏchronological€list€(òòWorksóó€2:539),€while€elsewhere€claiming€the€letter€was€written€from€Venice€(òòWorksóó€2:395€n.€1),Ð è8 Ðwhere€the€Ruskins€did€not€arrive€until€October.€As€described€in€part€1,€MS€XI,€ð ðContent,ðð€òòqóó,€Ruskin€did€begin€a€proseÐ °  Ðletter€to€his€friend,€as€the€heading€declares,€from€the€ð ðHospice€of€Great€St€Bernard.€July€15òòthóó€/€9000€ft€above€the€sea.ððÐ xÈ! ÐThis€prose€beginning€was€scored€through,€however,€and€replaced€by€a€long€verse€letter,€which,€judging€by€the€varyingÏtints€of€ink,€was€probably€written€in€stages.€By€the€end€of€the€letter,€Ruskin€has€arrived€in€Venice€and€switches€toÏpresent€tense„„And€now,€Iððm€in€the€halls€so€high€of€oceans€lovely€daughter€/€The€gondolas€are€gliding€by,€like€arrowsÏon€the€waterðð„„and€he€predicts€that€in€ð ð4€days€moreðð€the€family€will€ð ðoer€the€Alps€direct€[themselves€again]€north.ðð€ThisÏsuggests€that€much€of€the€letterððs€composition€may€have€been€concentrated€in€the€period€after€late€September,€whenÏthey€descended€from€the€Alps€into€Italy.€At€this€time€Ruskin€broke€off€his€1835€diary,€no.€202,€leaving€him€moreÏleisure€for€the€lighter€sort€of€composition€in€the€letter€to€Jones.Ìà  àNo€fair€copy€is€known,€and€Ruskin€may€not€have€had€a€chance€to€make€one.€As€he€explains€at€the€start€of€theÏletter,€he€was€rushed€unexpectedly€into€composing€the€verse€letter,€having€ð ðwhen€letters€were€sent€off€let€slip€full€manyÏan€opportunity.ðð€He€had€ð ðhoped€to€write€from€Rome€an€excellent€epistle€/Ìà0  àà ° àBut€cholera€and€plague€have€come,€and€plagued€it,€we€have€[missed(?)]€all.ððÐ (#(# ÐÌ206.€"Verona,"€October,€ms?;€printed€òòWorksóó€2:439.Ð  (ð#. Ðà  àSee€Cook€and€Wedderburn's€note€to€the€poem,€which€was€written€on€the€back€of€a€pencil€sketch€takenÏduring€the€1835€tour.€€The€Ruskins€were€in€Verona€in€October.€Editorsðð€title.ÌÌ207.€"Salzburg,"€October„December,€MS€VIII;€printed€òòPJRóó€1:238„39,€òòWorksóó€2:441„43.Ð À+'2 Ðà  àAccording€to€Cook€and€Wedderburn,€no€manuscript€is€extant€of€the€final€version€of€this€poem€as€it€wasÏpublished€in€òòFriendship's€Offeringóó,€although€MS€VIII€contains€a€considerably€different€first€version,€which€they€reprintÐ P- (4 Ðin€a€note.€(The€editors,€incidentally,€refer€to€the€ð ðòòFriendshipððs€Offeringóó€for€1835"€[òòWorksóó€2:441€n.],€but€the€annual€forÐ .h)5 Ð1836€must€be€intended„„i.e.,€the€volume€ready€by€Christmas€1835.)€This€draft€initiates€the€material€in€MS€VIII€relatedÏto€the€Continental€tour€of€1835€(see€app€A,€MS€VIII,€ð ðContent,ðð€[òòeóó]).€€For€most€of€the€tour,€Ruskin's€attention€hadÐ xÈ Ðbeen€directed€at€geology,€which€he€discussed€in€his€prose€diary€no.€202,€but€the€diary€notes€abruptly€end€in€lateÏSeptember.€€He€must€have€turned€to€poetry€during€the€remaining€few€months€of€the€tour„„the€family€visiting€SalzburgÏin€mid„October„„since€"Salzburg"€was€ready€to€be€published€at€the€end€of€1835€in€a€gift€annual,€which€also€includedÏexcerpts€from€no.€180.€€Presumably,€Ruskin€was€carrying€MS€VIII€with€him€(though€it€contains€no€draft€for€no.€203),Ïand€he€and€John€James€were€in€correspondence€with€the€editor€of€òòFriendship's€Offeringóó,€Thomas€Pringle,€since€theÐ ` ° Ðfamily€did€not€return€to€Herne€Hill€until€December.€Indeed,€the€draft,€ð ðbarely€legibleðð€as€Cook€and€WedderburnÏremark,€may€reflect€the€bustle€and€inconveniences€of€travel;€the€inks€vary€considerably€in€this€section.€See€no.€209€forÏfurther€commentary€on€the€difficulty€of€dating€the€work€of€late€1835.Ìà  àUntitled€in€MS€VIII.ÌÌThe€sun€was€low€on€Salzas€silver€deepÌBroad€loomed€the€lofty€city€in€its€sleepÌDome€over€dome€in€arched€array€was€setÌSpire€over€spire€and€sparkling€minaret,ÌHow€red€you€saw€the€swarthy€sunset€shineÌWhere€€rose€St€Ruperts€mighty€marble€shrineÌRich€with€the€spoils€of€many€a€Hartzwald€mineÌCrag€€poised€on€crag,€with€each€its€battlementÌTh<>e€Fortress€reared€its€dark€and€huge€ascentòò1óóÐ P  ÐFrom€its€foundation€lifted€like€a€cloud,Ì€But€moveless,òò2óó€changeless,€beautifully€proud,Ð à0 ÐShadow€imbued€with€sunbeams€like€a€veil,ÌClasps€the€wide€city,€wreathes€its€outlines€paleÌAnd€mingles€roof€with€roof€and€tower€with€towr,ÌTwilights€soft€magic€brooding€oer€the€hour,ÌMysterious€beauty€upon€all€seen€thereÌAnd€all€unseen,€imagined€passing€fair.ÌOh€what€can€break€the€still,€at€even€shed,ÌJust€as€the€sun€displays€his€parting€redÌThere€is€no€sound€that€comes€not€sweetly€by€ÌWhen€the€last€lights€upon€the€landscape€die,Ì<[Loud(?)]€shouts>€Low€chauntsòò3óó€the€fisher€where€the€waters€pour,Ð xÈ! ÐAnd€murmuring€voices€come€along€the€shore,ÌAnd€many€a€plash€of€wave€upon€the€side,ÌOf€yon€dark€boat€that€slumbers€on€the€tideÌAnd€there€are€sounds€from€city€&€from€hillÌShore,€forest,€flood,€&€field,€yet€all€<[(?)]>€seemsòò4óó€still.Ð `"°& ÐI€left€the€shore,€and€ere€the€nights€descentÌThrough€huge€St€Ruperts€massive€portal€went,ÌFull€many€a€marble€there€of€changing€hue,ÌChiselled€&€fretted,€walled€the€temple€throughÌSuccessive€altars€lit€with€incensed€flameÌRose€through€the€chapels,€none€without€a€nameÌAnd€the€worn€pavement€every€shrine€beforeÌOf€long€devotion€certain€witness€boreÌAnd€there€was€many€a€statue€nobly€wroughtÌAnd€many€a€<[the(?)]>€painting€from€the€southward€broughtÌPlanned€by€those€master€minds,€that€ever€standÌThe€life,€the€glory,€of€their€native€landÌAnd,€as€hard€rock,€that€mid€some€softer€stone,ÌStands€from€the€rest,€unbuttressed,€&€aloneÌA€bulwark€rears€its€iron€strength€for€aye,Ð .h)5 ÐThe€weaker€crag€around€it€wears€away,òò5óóÐ ° ÐSo€shall€their€memory€lift€itself€at€last,ÌForth€from€the€ruins€of€the€aeras€pastÌSo,€like€some€lofty€beacon,€constant€shine,ÌDistinctly€seen€amid€the€mist€of€timeòò6óóÐ Ð  ÐThe€vesper€hymn€was€singing,€as€the€nightÌRolled€round€the€temple,€veiling€from€the€sightÌThe€mighty€dome€so€high€and€heavenward€piledÌBeneath€whose€concave€slumbers€Scotlands€childÌThe€Good€St€Rupert,€&€full€silently€ÌStar€after€star€was€scattered€on€the€skyÌAnd€I€forgot€the€city,€as€I€gazed€ÌWhere€thousand€worlds€through€all€the€midnight€blazed,ÌAnd€I€held€through€them€commune€with€the€heaven.ÌÌà  àòò1óóLines€8€and€9€were€composed€in€the€order€shown€here,€but€then€transposed€by€the€addition€of€a€numeral€ð ð1ððÐ h¸  Ðin€front€of€line€9€(ð ð1€The€Fortress€.€.€.ðð),€and€of€a€numeral€ð ð2ðð€in€front€of€line€8€(ð ð2€Crags€.€.€.ðð).€In€a€fair€copy,€theÏpassage€would€read:Ìà  àà ` àThe€fortress€reared€its€dark€and€huge€ascentòòóóÐ À Ðà  àà ` àCrag€poised€on€crag,€with€each€its€battlementÌà  àòò2óóThe€alteration€ð ðBut€moveless,ðð€was€first€made€by€John€James€in€pencil,€and€Ruskin€copied€over€the€words€inÐ P  Ðink€and€in€his€own€hand,€over€top€of€his€fatherððs€writing.Ìà  àòò3óóAgain,€Ruskin€copies€in€ink€and€in€his€own€hand€ð ðLow€chauntsðð„„an€alteration€initially€made€by€his€father€inÐ à0 Ðpencil,€visible€underneath.Ìà  àòò4óóRuskin€copied€ð ðseemsðð€in€his€own€hand,€over€top€of€his€fatherððs€pencil€alteration.€The€original€word(s)Ð pÀ Ðreplaced€by€this€alteration€has€been€blotted€out€completely.Ìà  àòò5óóJohn€James€enclosed€this€line€in€parentheses,€and€scored€through€ð ðweakerðð;€above€the€latter€word,€he€wroteÐ P Ðð ð[while(?)]€soft.ðð€Since€John€Jamesððs€entry€is€barely€legible,€and€perhaps€more€in€the€nature€of€a€comment€than€anÏalternative€word,€I€have€left€Ruskinððs€original€choice.Ìà  àòò6óóJohn€James€scored€through€ð ðseen€amidðð€and€wrote€in€pencil€ð ðglowing€[thro(?)].ðð€I€have€left€Ruskinððs€originalÐ X¨ Ðchoice€in€the€text,€since€he€did€not€confirm€his€fatherððs€suggestion€by€copying€it€in€his€own€hand,€as€in€two€earlierÏinstances.ÌÌ208.€"There€were€sweet€sounds€mingled€with€my€dreaming"€(prose),€after€mid„July,€but€probably€October„DecemberÏinto€early€1836,€MS€VIII;€printed€òòWorksóó€1:520€n.€1.Ð @" Ðà  àBrief€prose€passage€referring€to€hospice€of€St.€Bernard,€falling€prior€to€related€draft€no.€209.€SqueezedÏbetween€no.€207€and€no.€209€and€written€in€a€different€color€of€ink,€the€brief€prose€piece€could€well€have€beenÏinserted€at€a€later€time.€See€nos.€209€and€216.ÌÌ209.€"The€Ascent€of€the€St.€Bernard:€A€Dramatic€Sketch,"€after€mid„July,€but€probably€October„December€into€earlyÏ1836,€MSS€IA,€VIII;€printed€òòWorksóó€1:505„21.Ð ð#@( Ðà  àPartial€fair€copy€in€MS€IA,€where€retitled€"A€Visit€to€the€Hospice€of€St.€Bernard."€Although€the€Ruskins€hadÏcrossed€the€Great€St.€Bernard€in€1833,€they€first€visited€the€hospice€in€July€during€the€1835€tour„„at€which€time,€orÏafterwards,€John€could€have€drafted€this€dramatic€sketch€in€MS€VIII€along€with€the€related€piece€no.€208€(see€also€no.Ï210€for€another€possibly€related€piece).€If€Ruskin€carried€MS€VIII€with€him€to€the€Continent€(although€it€seemsÏstrange€that€the€notebook€contains€no€drafts€of€the€major€poem€of€the€tour,€no.€203),€the€St.€Bernard€pieces€may€haveÏbeen€drafted€after€mid„October,€since€they€follow€the€Salzburg€poem,€no.€207.€However,€so€many€varying€inks€are€usedÏfor€nos.€207„9,€and€the€texts€are€so€jammed€into€their€spaces,€that€the€sequence€in€which€Ruskin€wedged€them€into€theÏnotebook€may€be€irrecoverable.Ìà  àThese€speculations€are€further€complicated€by€the€placement,€following€the€St.€Bernard€pieces,€of€theÏVenician€writings,€nos.€211„12,€which€were€inspired€by€the€Ruskins'€first€visit€to€Venice€òòbeforeóó€Salzburg€in€earlyÐ À+'2 ÐOctober.€€With€yet€another€ink€used€for€these€poems,€nothing€in€the€manuscript€absolutely€prevents€the€compositionÏof€all€these€drafts€having€followed€the€chronology€of€the€tour„„a€reconstruction€of€Ruskin€having€written€the€St.ÏBernard€pieces€in€July,€followed€by€the€Venetian€poems€in€early€October,€and€then€squeezing€the€Salzburg€poem€draftÐ .h)5 Ðinto€a€remaining€space€before€the€St.€Bernard€pieces.€I€think€this€unlikely,€however,€since€only€the€Salzburg€poemÏbegins€at€the€top€of€a€recto,€suggesting€that€it€was€the€earliest€composed.Ìà  àOn€the€latter€evidence,€the€St.€Bernard€and€Venice€pieces€could€have€been€written€almost€anytime€after€theÏcomposition€of€"Salzburg"€in€mid„October,€through€mid„December€when€the€family€returned€to€Herne€Hill,€and€intoÏearly€1836.€At€that€time,€the€Domecq€girls€visited€Herne€Hill,€when€Adle€may€have€inspired€Ruskin's€outpouring€ofÏromantic€verse,€such€as€the€Venice€poem,€no.€211.ÌÌ210.€"The€Avalanche,"€after€mid„October,€but€possibly€as€early€as€first€half€of€July,€MS€VIII;€printed€òòPJRóó€1:240„42,Ð ( x ÐòòWorksóó€2:7„9.Ð ð @ Ðà  àWhile€I€believe€that€much€of€Ruskin's€poetry€relating€to€the€tour€of€1835€was€reserved€until€the€fall€orÏafterward€(see€nos.€207,€209),€this€Alpine€poem€could€have€been€conceived€when€the€Ruskins€viewed€Mont€Blanc€fromÏGeneva€and€Chamouni€in€the€first€half€of€July€(and€when€they€might€have€heard€the€tale€that€this€poemÏcommemorates).€€It€can€reasonably€be€associated€with€pieces€about€another€region€of€the€Alps,€nos.€208„9,€butÏ"Avalanche"€starts€a€group€of€poems€that€could€have€at€any€time€been€inserted€in€a€space€following€the€May€1835Ïpoem,€no.€201.€It€was€included€in€the€òòPoemsóó€of€1850.Ð  ð  Ðà  àIn€MS€VIII,€the€poem€already€included€the€notes€that€hung€from€it€in€successive€printings,€but€the€note€mayÏbe€in€a€somewhat€later€hand.€The€poem€is€untitled€in€ms.,€except€for€a€very€faintly€pencilled€ð ðThe€Avalanche€183[5(?)],ððÏnot€in€Ruskinððs€hand„„very€likely€Collingwoodððs.ÌÌ211.€"The€moon€looks€down€with€her€benignant€eyes"€["Venice"],€after€mid„October,€MS€VIII;€printed€òòPJRóó€1:236„37,Ð ˆØ ÐòòWorksóó€2:440.Ð P  Ðà  àUntitled€in€manuscript;€Collingwoodððs€title€(although€he€failed€in€this€case€to€follow€his€usual€practice€ofÏbracketing€editorial€titles).€Collingwood€may€have€taken€a€liberty€also€in€printing€this€as€a€two„stanza€poem.€In€the€ms.,Ïthe€two€parts€are€divided€by€a€horizontal€line,€which€usually€indicates€separate€poems,€though€these€were€composed€inÏthe€same€ink€and€evidently€at€the€same€time.Ìà  àPresumably€the€verses€cannot€be€earlier€than€no.€209,€which€they€immediately€follow€in€the€middle€of€a€page.ÏSee€no.€209€for€further€discussion€of€dating€by€the€stanzasðð€placement.€€Certainly,€they€belong€generally€to€this€sectionÏof€the€notebook€employing€1835€Continental€tour€material,€since€they€are€written€in€the€same€Byronic€stanza€as€no.Ï203.ÌÌà  à212.€ð ðLeoniðð€(prose,€but€including€poetry),€after€mid„October,€and€into€summer€1836,€MS€VIII.€PrintedÏòòFriendshipððs€Offeringóó€.€.€.;€òòWorksóó€1:287„304;€a€song€from€the€tale€printed€in€òòPoemsóó€of€1850€and€òòPJRóó€2:3.€ForgeryÐ è8 Ðpamphlet€by€T.€J.€Wise€(see€òòWorksóó€1:288),€like€other€printings,€was€based€on€the€òòFriendshipððs€Offeringóó€text.Ð °  Ðà  àUntitled€in€ms.€Influenced€by€Ruskin's€charming€account€in€òòPraeteritaóó€of€having€written€this€ByronicÐ xÈ! ÐVenician€tale€to€please€Adle€Domecq€(òòWorksóó€35:180),€editors€have€always€ascribed€"Leoni"€to€early€1836,€when€theÐ @" Ðgirls€visited€Herne€Hill.€€Its€position€in€MS€VIII€does€warrant€that€date;€however,€like€the€preceding€Venice€poem€no.Ï210€(which€ð ðLeoniðð€follows€in€the€middle€of€a€page),€this€tale€can€be€ascribed€to€a€range€of€possible€dates,€starting€inÏsummer€and€fall€1835.€€Thus€we€cannot€rule€out€the€possibility€that€in€the€character€Giuletta€Ruskin€had€alreadyÏsketched€what€he€came€to€see€in€Adle.€But€an€early€1836€date€remains€likely,€if€only€because€this€section€of€MS€VIIIÏwould€seem€by€now€to€contain€too€much€writing€for€Ruskin€still€to€be€working€in€1835.Ìà  àRuskin€was€still€working€on€the€tale€in€June€1836,€when€John€and€John€James€were€corresponding€with€W.ÏH.€Harrison€about€its€publication€in€òòFriendship's€Offeringóó€for€1837€(òòRFLóó€459€n.€2);€however,€this€initial€draft€must€beÐ ¸$ ) Ðearlier,€since€it€is€followed€by€poems€dateable€to€the€early€months€of€1836€(see€no.€217€and€following).ÌÌ213.€"The€Emigration€of€the€Sprites,"€after€October€(if€not€somewhat€earlier,€after€mid„July),€and€possibly€up€to€MayÏ1836,€MS€VIII;€printed€òòPJRóó€1:243„49,€òòWorksóó€2:10„15.Ð Ø'(#- Ðà  àThis€and€no.€214€follow€no.€210€but€contain€no€internal€clues€to€dating.€€They€must€have€been€written€beforeÏthe€May€1836€birthday€ode,€no.€234,€which€they€precede,€a€fact€leading€Collingwood€to€attribute€ð ðSpritesðð€to€ageÏsixteen€(òòPJRóó€1:290).€This€upper€limit€is€possible,€since€fanciful€narratives€of€this€kind€do€seem€to€be€associated€withÐ 0*€%0 Ðperiods€when€Ruskin€was€preparing€birthday€poems€for€his€father;€see,€e.g.,€no.€187€of€1834€and€no.€177€of€1833.Ìà  àAs€discussed€in€connection€with€ð ðThe€Vintageðð€(see€no.€187),€at€the€end€of€the€prose€section€of€no.€180Ïentitled€ð ðThe€Rhineðð€by€the€editors€(òòWorksóó,€2:368),€Ruskin€promises€to€relate€lore€from€the€ð ðhaunted€groundðð€of€theÐ ˆ,Ø'3 ÐRhine€valley„„a€promise€left€unfulfilled€immediately€following€the€prose€draft.€The€editors€suggest€that€Ruskin€may€haveÏbeen€hatching€a€version€of€òòThe€King€of€the€Golden€Riveróó.€While€there€is€no€evidence€that€Ruskin€already€had€his€fairyÐ .h)5 Ðtale€in€mind,€themes€that€will€prove€significant€for€òòKingóó€do€emerge€in€ð ðThe€Crystal€Hunterðð:€the€story€of€a€hidden,Ð ° Ðmarvelous€valley,€whose€riches€are€elusive€and€in€some€way€conditional€on€the€spirit€of€the€hunter„„although€here€theÏconditions€appear€more€psychological€than€moral.Ìà  àð ðThe€Crystal€Hunterðð€can€be€read€for€thematic€connections€with€òòKingóó€quite€apart€from€the€more€immediateÐ X Ðtextual€question„„whether€this€poem€is€the€story€announced€at€the€end€of€the€Rhine€passage.€As€a€story€aboutÏChamouni€rather€than€about€the€Rhine€valley,€and€as€one€containing€none€of€the€promised€ð ðgambols€of€browniesÏfairies€gnomes€and€all€other€fashionable€hobgoblinsðð€(MS€VIII,€pp.€67r„v),€the€only€persuasive€qualification€offered€byÏð ðThe€Crystal€Hunter,ðð€as€by€ð ðThe€Vintage,ðð€is€its€near€contemporaneous€composition€with€the€prose€passage.€See€no.Ï213€for€a€poem€whose€content€corresponds€much€more€closely€with€the€narrative€promised€in€the€Rhine€passage,Ïalthough€the€poemððs€dating€is€questionable.Ìà  àNo.€213€was€included€in€òòPoemsóó€of€1850.€It€is€untitled€in€draft€except€for€a€penciled€title,€which€has€beenÐ € Ð  Ðerased,€ð ðThe€Emigration€of€the€Fairies€[òòsicóó]€1835„b?ðð€in€the€same€hand„„probably€Collingwoodððs„„as€that€which€entitledÐ H ˜  Ðno.€210.ÌÌ214.€"The€forest€boughs€and€leaves€are€still"€["The€Invasion€of€the€Alps"],€after€October€(if€not€somewhat€earlier,€afterÏmid„July),€and€possibly€up€to€May€1836,€MS€VIII;€printed€òòPJRóó€1:230,€òòWorksóó€2:445.Ð h¸  Ðà  àSee€no.€213€for€dating.€A€horizontal€line€separates€these€lines€from€no.€213,€which€they€follow,€and€anotherÏline€separates€them€from€the€following€no.€231.€But€the€title€is€Collingwoodððs,€not€Ruskin's,€and€the€poem€does€notÏeven€certainly€refer€to€an€Alpine€event.ÌÌ215.€"Conversation€Supposed€To€Be€Held€between€Mr.€R.,€Mrs.€R.,€Miss€R.,€and€Master€R.,€on€New„Year's€Morning,Ï1836,"€December€for€January€1,€1836,€MS€X;€printed€òòPJRóó€1:251„55,€òòWorksóó€2:446„48.Ð h Ðà  àFair€copy€for€New€Year's€presentation.ÌÌÌ€ññ