ÿWPC¼ f §¼HÄv³— §¼H½üGc¹£Ý‹ãVøÜ9—¼u^¨.Láh€¡ëÊü¯·öUU怹~ñT³~`ÅQ<©zP¸·<¹®ÆÎ‚š`Š©ŠxÜg†Ø ¡õ2‰msß<ÕMO鼜áþ¢ýz”~2'mdE¶ (7 –jýÑŽ*?OK**RFU·¸›Ä‘Yl¥â¸)`ú ®öyiå=|•yìU?çŒ ü‘çã"@||E¤åØ7`8ÜansK+ï4NÌaéÓ«ut±Ë€í(ÎF…†ÿ1œÝ´_5PrŽÓ1âÉg˜çaˆ ?©y#V²<Ú£ÔÄÐS:G9/ €Z lî²Þ«•ÑÁÄàžïÓg Ì5“?„’0f]¥Fó·D¬k%¤ã‰SDÖá#}ri–B>Å'H¥”«¢Úe‚çMY2~Å$Õ5Š5 Ý ¶—{»36`&=?F±õDK{Õ=·m@ßzÍÈËhž2ÿí·öâÉGÀðoœÇï·DâÇÇxœÐÄÆ5÷Ç×sñÿç¼–q·ïݤˆäLA„ tpà—µ‰jÁþÖ• û ´%+¯Ÿz_Þ&^¸;°Hú>‡gù¸=~Ö“ó—“x #!¨UNÉ % 0(nEU.Hw v4€”£ m¥˜HP LaserJet 4,ü,,,,,ü0(=”Ò <‹6Goudy Old Style Regularõ($¡¡«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@<þ6X9`(CourierMPþ6X@ɹ`7û@<þ6X9`(Courierô¡dþ6X@ɹ`7ûô@<þ6X9`(Courier·q, à„3|x$ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝññCHRONOLOGY€FOR€1829€(see€also€no.€27,€32)Ìà  à35.€ð ðThe€Puppet€Show,ðð€probably€composed€throughout€early€1829€for€May€10,€but€also€extending€for€anÏindeterminate€length€of€time€beyond€May,€perhaps€even€beyond€1829,€MS€IB.€Selected€pages€reproduced€in€Viljoen,ÏòòSharp€Collectionóó,€illus.€7;€òòRFLóó,€vol.€1,€pl.€xxi;€òòRGIóó,€pl.€4;€Jeffrey€L.€Spear,€òòDreams€of€an€English€Eden:€Ruskin€and€HisÐ d ÐTradition€in€Social€Criticismóó€(New€York:€Columbia€University€Press,€1984),€9,€130„31;€Paul€H.€Walton,€òòThe€DrawingsÐ à0 Ðof€John€Ruskinóó€(London:€Oxford€University€Press,€1972),€8.€Selections€from€text€quoted€òòWSóó,€29;€òòRGIóó,€59.Ð ¬ü Ðà  àIn€December€1828,€according€to€ð ðHarry€and€Lucyðð€no.€32,€Ruskin€was€hurriedly€planning€how€to€construct€aÏthree„dimensional€puppet€theater,€which€ð ðhe€could€exhibit€.€.€.€when€he€presented€his€poem€and€please€his€father€aÏlittle€moreðð€(MS€II,€3r).€The€poem€was€no.€33,€so€Ruskin€at€first€planned€to€dramatize€a€battle€scene€from€òòWaverleyóó.Ð  ` ÐAs€he€apologizes€in€his€New€Yearððs€greeting€letter,€however,€he€ð ðat€first€intended€to€make€for€your€Newyears€present€aÏsmall€model€of€any€easily€done€thing€and€I€thought€I€would€try€to€make€an€orreryðð„„not€a€puppet€theater,€but€a€modelÏof€the€solar€system„„but€he€ð ðat€length€.€.€.€gave€it€up€on€considering€how€many€different€things€were€wanted.ðð€The€ideasÏand€ambitions,€which€also€included€the€elaborately€fair„copied€no.€33,€were€mounting€too€high,€and€MargaretÏintervened,€instructing€Ruskin€to€settle€for€ð ða€small€letterðð„„although,€even€in€this€brief€greeting,€Ruskin€managed€toÏwork€in€another€poem€(òòRFLóó€170„71;€see€no.€34).Ð Ø(  Ðà  àAccording€to€ð ðHarry€and€Lucy,ðð€Harry€decided€to€ð ðput€off€the€show€till€his€fathers€birthdayðð€(MS€II,€3r).€ByÏ10€May€1829,€then,€Ruskin€must€have€reduced„„or€extended„„his€plans€for€a€three„dimensional€theater€to€the€bookÏform€of€MS€IB.€His€ð ðIntroductionðð€to€the€manuscript€seems€to€refer€to€a€three„dimensional€show€actually€constructed,Ïalthough€it€may€only€invite€one€to€realize€such€a€show€imaginatively,€through€the€bookððs€watercolor€vignettes€ofÏð ðpuppetsðð:€ð ðOnce€by€a€little€boy€a€puppet€show€was€made€/€Of€ribbons€that€were€scarlet€and€of€pasteboard€overlaid€/ÏWhere€soldiers€marchððd€across€the€stage€with€gauntlets€on€their€hand.€.€.€.€€Such€were€the€figures€acted€in€this€prettyÏlittle€show€/€And€as€the€figures€went€away€so€from€it€I€do€go.ðð€These€ð ðfiguresðð€correspond€both€with€the€drawings€inÏMS€IB€and€with€ð ðHarryððsðð€planned€figures€of€the€previous€December.€In€no.€32,€after€laying€out€his€pattern€for€theÏstage,€Harry€adds€ð ðthe€figures€were€first€to€be€drawn€with€pen€and€ink€upon€pieces€of€pasteboard€.€.€.€cut€out€andÏfastened€to€sticks€.€.€.€and€being€introduced€at€the€bottom€of€the€show€.€.€.€pushed€up€to€the€top€and€there€dancedÏaboutðð€(MS€II,€3r).€If€in€this€way€Ruskin€did€stage€a€battle€from€òòWaverleyóó,€in€MS€IB€he€portrayed€no€characters€fromÐ œì ÐScott.Ìà  àIn€the€book€itself,€each€recto€presents€a€large€drawing€of€a€character,€who€is€named€and€described€inÏfollowing€verses,€and€who€is€in€some€way€commented€on€by€a€smaller€vignette€of€another€character€at€the€bottom€ofÏthe€page.€Some€vignettes€present€an€expected€association,€such€as€a€lion€for€ð ðKing€Henry€the€Vòòthóó,ðð€others€a€satiricalÐ Ì Ðopposition,€such€a€Falstaff€mocking€the€hero€ð ðBarbazan.ðð€Narrative€pairings€are€also€common,€such€as€the€genie„likeÏdwarf€spirited€from€a€smokerððs€pipe€below.€Further€variety€is€introduced€in€the€series€of€larger€drawings,€in€whichÏchivalrous€and€heroic€characters€give€way€to€comic€and€folklore€characters.Ìà  àAccording€to€Viljoen,€one€source€for€the€heroic€vignettes€was€òòThe€Seven€Champions€of€Christendomóó.€Ð üL! ÐRuskin€probably€did€take€inspiration€from€this€ð ðtale€for€the€nurseryðð€for€his€characters€of€ð ðDenis€of€France,ðð€ð ðJames€ofÏSpain,ðð€and€ð ðGeorge€of€England.ðð€His€verses€for€these€characters€are€so€innocuous,€however,€that€they€might€apply€toÏany€champion€from€any€source.€In€the€copy€of€òòSeven€Championsóó€that€I€have€seen€(London,€1804,€ð ðprinted€for€TabartÐ `!°$ Ðand€Co.€at€the€Juvenile€and€School€Libraryðð),€the€plates€do€not€resemble€Ruskinððs€watercolors.Ìà  àAnother€important€source€is€Grimmððs€òòGerman€Popular€Storiesóó€illustrated€by€Cruikshank€(London,€1823;€forÐ ø"H& ÐRuskinððs€copy€of€the€1826€edition,€see€Viljoen,€òòSharp€Collectionóó,€6).€Ruskinððs€drawings€isolate€one€of€CruikshankððsÐ Ä#' Ðfigures€from€their€original€surroundings,€and€the€accompanying€verses€are€equally€spare.€The€effect€is€more€pictorialÏthan€narrative.€Other€sources€include€òòDame€Wiggins€of€Leeóó;€òòDon€Quixoteóó;€probably€òòBaron€Munchausen,€Narrative€ofÐ \%¬ ) ÐHis€Marvellous€Travelsóó;€Shakespeare;€classical€myth€and€history;€and€Scottish€ballads€and€folklore.€The€drawings€ofÐ (&x!* Ðfolklore€brownies€and€kelpies€are€interesting€for€showing€how€Ruskin€imagined€these€creatures,€which€persist€inÏstalking€through€his€poems€of€the€1830s.€As€another€influence,€one€wonders€if€Ruskin€could€have€seen€BenjaminÏWestððs€trilogy€painted€for€Buckingham€House,€òòDeath€of€Epaminondasóó,€òòDeath€of€the€Chevalier€Bayardóó,€and€òòDeath€ofÐ Œ(Ü#- ÐWolfeóó,€depicting€heroic€deaths€in€the€classical,€medieval,€and€modern€ages.€The€first€two€of€these€deaths€areÐ X)¨$. Ðrepresented€in€ð ðThe€Puppet€Show.ðð€Ìà  àA€possible€benchmark€for€dating€occurs€on€p.€13,€where€Falstaff€is€shown€proclaiming€his€speech€on€honor,€aÏspeech€that€Ruskin€adapts€to€special€purposes€in€no.€58,€written€probably€in€late€May€1829.€Shortly€thereafter,€on€p.Ï15,€Ruskin€drew€Varro,€whose€treatise€on€farming€he€may€have€known€to€be€a€source€for€Virgilððs€òòGeorgicsóó.€RuskinÐ ˆ,Ø'2 Ðhad€been€translating€the€òòEcloguesóó€in€1828€(see€no.€32),€and€perhaps€the€Virgil€on€which€he€was€ð ðlabour[ing]€veryÐ T-¤(3 Ðhardðð€with€his€tutor€in€October€1829€was€the€òòGeorgicsóó„„a€poem€that€would€have€interested€him€for€its€resemblances€toÐ ° Ðhis€own€didactic€catalog„poem€on€natural€history,€òòEudosiaóó€(still€underway€in€1829„30;€see€no.€27).Ð |Ì Ðà  àThe€ð ðPuppet€Showðð€may€have€been€carried€well€beyond€1829,€however,€since€in€a€28€February€1831€letterÏMargaret€mentions€encouraging€Ruskin€ð ðto€turn€to€something€else€to€take€exercise,€copy€Crookshanks€[òòsicóó]€&c€&cððÐ d Ð(òòRFLóó€224).€The€Cruikshank€characters€do€appear€toward€the€end€of€the€manuscript€(e.g.,€fig.€29,€the€final€one),€as€wellÐ à0 Ðas€near€the€beginning€(e.g.€figs.€2€and€4).€I€detect€no€change€in€printing€or€drawing€style€that€would€suggest€that€theÏproject€was€protracted€over€a€number€of€years,€but€this€proves€little,€since€Ruskin€was€copying€a€style.€(Coriolanus€andÏEpaminondas€are€drawn€in€a€more€florid,€baroque€manner€than€the€rest,€but€this€difference€may€suggest€a€greaterÏsophistication€in€Ruskinððs€source,€rather€than€in€his€own€stylistic€development.)€Another€inconclusive€clue€thatÏRuskin€could€have€worked€intermittently€on€MS€IB€for€some€years€is€that,€late€in€the€series,€he€includes€a€satiricalÏdrawing€about€dancing„„a€detested€exercise,€in€which€he€was€given€lessons€in€late€1833€(see€no.€183).€The€sequence€ofÏð ðpuppets,ðð€then,€may€represent€the€intermittent€work€of€years€rather€than€concentrated€activity€of€months,€althoughÏthe€(conjecturally)€datable€drawings€indicate€that€at€least€half€of€the€manuscript€was€drawn€in€1829.Ìà  àThe€twenty„nine€figures€are€numbered€sequentially€by€Ruskin€at€the€tops€of€their€respective€pages.€(TheÏpuppetsðð€pages,€each€starting€on€a€recto,€also€carry€Ruskinððs€erratic€page€numbering;€see€part€1,€MS€IB).€The€order€ofÏthe€figures€is€as€follows:Ìà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€1€(verso€of€unnumbered€title€page):€Introductory€poem.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àPp.€2„3,€fig.€1:€George€of€England€(one€of€the€knights€in€òòSeven€Champions€of€Christendomóó),€with€smallerÐ <Œ  Ðdrawing€of€St.€George€slaying€a€dragon.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€4,€fig.€2:€Brownie€(after€Cruikshankððs€dancing€figure€for€ð ðElves€and€the€Shoemakerðð),€with€a€pair€ofÏdancing€dogs€at€the€bottom€of€the€page.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€5,€fig.€3:€Henry€V,€with€a€rampant€lion€at€bottom.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€6,€fig.€4:€Old€Fairy€(after€Cruikshankððs€stooped€old€woman€with€cane€and€birdcage€for€ð ðJorinda€andÏJorindelðð),€who€invokes€the€Water€Kelpie€at€bottom,€with€his€lantern€and€light€streaming€from€hisÏeyes.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€7,€fig.€5:€John€de€Vienne;€and,€since€ð ðthe€Scots€asked€my€assistance,ðð€he€is€paired€with€a€bagpiper€below.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€8,€fig.€6:€Soldier€John€(a€figure€picked€out€from€the€bottom€of€the€scaffold€shown€in€Cruikshankððs€ð ðTheÏJew€in€the€Bushðð),€who€is€described€as€a€merry€dancer,€is€paired€with€a€Cupid€Grenadier€below,€aÏnaked€cherub€with€oversized€helmet€and€spear.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€9,€fig.€7:€Denis€of€France€(one€of€the€òòSeven€Championsóó),€with€the€Chevalier€Bayard€below.ÐÌ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€10,€fig.€8:€The€Dwarf,€surrounded€by€the€smoke€and€ð ðblue€light,ðð€from€which€he€emerges€to€grant€wishes;Ïat€the€bottom,€a€man€puffing€on€his€pipe,€who€has€raised€the€spirit€(both€figures€from€CruikshankððsÏð ðBlue€Lightðð).Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€11,€fig.€9:€James€of€Spain€(one€of€the€òòSeven€Championsóó),€with€Don€Quixote€below,€both€of€the€knightsÐ üL! Ðshown€on€the€attack.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€12,€fig.€10:€Wonder,€who€resembles€a€Cruikshank€figure€but€may€not€be€directly€copied,€is€a€man€ð ðset€aÏstaring€/€By€a€giant€a€tree€bearing€/€With€a€tailor€high€in€airðð;€that€scene,€the€giant€bearing€the€treeÏwith€the€tailor,€is€depicted€at€bottom€(after€Cruikshankððs€second€illustration€for€ð ðThe€Young€GiantÏand€the€Tailorðð).Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€13,€fig.€11:€Barbazan,€described€as€a€compatriot€of€Henry€V,€with€Falstaff€at€bottom€proclaiming€hisÏspeech€on€honor.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€14,€fig.€12:€Heels€Upmost,€a€man€poking€his€head€from€a€sack,€which€is€hoisted€in€a€tree€(afterÏCruikshankððs€ð ðThe€Turnipðð),€and€at€bottom€Hudibras€and€Ralph€in€a€stockade.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€15,€fig.€13:€The€Crusader,€with€sword€uplifted;€at€bottom,€Varro,€a€contemplative€counterpart,€with€swordÏdown€and€gazing€at€a€scroll.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€16,€fig.€14:€Gaffer€Grin,€copied€from€the€central€figure€in€Cruikshankððs€frontispiece€to€volume€1€ofÏòòGerman€Popular€Storiesóó,€an€old€man€ludicrously€doubled€up€with€laughter,€while€reading€aloud€to€aÐ X)¨$. Ðgroup€assembled€around€a€fireplace.€In€his€accompanying€verses,€Ruskin€probably€identifies€GafferÏwith€himself€and€with€his€father:€ð ðI€am€an€old€man€a€reading€of€a€book€/€By€the€fireside€Iððm€seatedÏin€a€little€nook€/€About€me€collected€my€family€are€/€And€oft€join€me€a€hearty€Ha€Ha.ðð€InÏòòPraeteritaóó,€Ruskin€remembers€being€seated€in€his€ð ðsacred€niche€.€.€.€,€a€recess€beside€the€fireplace€.€.€.Ð ˆ,Ø'2 Ð[with]€a€good€writing„table€before€it€shut[ting]€me€well€in.ðð€Here,€he€listened€to€ð ðmy€father€read€toÐ T-¤(3 Ðmy€mother€what€pleased€themselves,€I€picking€up€what€I€could.ðð€As€his€fatherððs€choices,€Ruskin€listsÏstories,€whose€characters€turn€up€in€ð ðThe€Puppet€Showðð:€ð ðall€the€Shakespeare€comedies€andÏhistorical€plays€again€and€again,„„all€Scott,€and€all€òòDon€Quixoteóó,€a€favourite€book€of€my€fatherððs,€andÐ H˜ Ðat€which€I€could€then€laugh€to€ecstasyðð€(òòWorksóó€35:61).€Indeed,€below€Gaffer€Grin,€Ruskin€drewÐ d Ðð ðDon€Quixotes€Giant,ðð€i.e.,€a€windmill€with€a€head,€and€with€arms€like€sails€that€clutch€a€club€andÏsword.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€17,€fig.€15:€Falling€Knight,€falling€from€a€horse,€and€at€bottom€Sancho€Panza€in€a€saddle€propped€on€aÏsawhorse.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€18,€fig.€16:€Getting€over€the€Ground,€a€man€riding€tail€of€a€fox€(from€Cruikshankððs€ð ðGolden€Birdðð);€atÏbottom,€an€equestrian€Baron€Munchausen.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€19,€fig.€17:€Mid€Career,€a€knight€jousting;€at€bottom,€an€ð ðAnglo€Saxonðð€warrior.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€20,€fig.€18:€Dame€Wiggins€of€Lee;€at€bottom,€a€cat€with€its€back€arched.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€21,€fig.€19:€Hector,€with€Aeneas€(ð ðEneasðð)€at€bottom.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€22,€fig.€20:€Jacko,€a€dancing€monkey€in€a€tailcoat,€who€ð ðbut€lately€broke€my€chain€/€And€Iððll€lead€them€aÏdance€eer€Im€taken€againðð;€at€bottom,€a€man€dancing€at€bottom.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€23,€fig.€21:€Pursuit,€a€knight€on€horseback€in€pursuit€of€a€foe;€at€bottom,€a€more€composed€Richard€I.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€24,€fig.€22:€The€Fiddler,€who€is€fiddling€to€the€dancing€bear,€at€bottom€(both€figures€from€CruikshankððsÏthird€illustration€for€ð ðThe€Young€Giant€and€the€Tailorðð).Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€25,€fig.€23:€Ajax,€indignant€over€his€betrayal€by€Odysseus;€at€bottom,€an€unidentified€figure,€possibly€DonÏQuixote.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€26,€fig.€24:€Specimen€of€City€Light€Infantry,€a€fat€officer€in€a€red€coat,€tall€hat,€and€two€swords;€at€bottom,ÏDon€Quixote.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€27,€fig.€25:€Coriolanus;€at€bottom,€with€ð ðAchilles€in€the€Dumps,ðð€recumbent€on€a€couch.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€28,€fig.€26:€Dancing,€showing€a€silly€dancing€woman;€below,€a€one„legged€sailor€raises€his€crutch€and€hat.Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€28€[òòsicóó],€fig.€27:€Epaminondas,€dying€from€his€wounds,€as€he€hears€the€shout€of€victory;€below,€ð ðUlysses€inÐ Ð  Ða€rage,ðð€heaving€a€scepter€(perhaps€the€attack€on€Thersites,€bk.€2€of€the€òòIliadóó).Мì` (#` (# Ѐà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€30,€fig.€28:€The€Man€of€Metal€made€by€Rosecrucius,€attacking€a€lamp,€with€no€figure€below€(entire€pageÐ h¸ Ðfilled€with€verse).Ð ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àP.€31,€fig.€29:€Curdken,€chasing€his€windblown€hat€(after€Cruikshankððs€ð ðThe€Goose„Girlðð);€below,€a€dancingÏman.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà  à36.€ð ðBallad€on€Waterloo,ðð€drafted€January€and€fair„copied€for€no.€57€probably€by€May,€MSS€II,€V.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àOriginally€entitled€ð ðSong€of€Waterlooðð€in€MS€II,€and€title€revised€for€MS€V,€where€written€as€ð ðòòBALLAD€ONÐ üL! ÐWATERLOOóó.ðð€Misdated€1828,€òòWorksóó,€2:536.€Its€draft€in€MS€II€follows€the€draft€of€no.€32€(end€of€1828);€and€in€theÐ È" Ðmiddle€of€the€draft€is€inserted€no.€37,€which€cannot€be€earlier€than€mid„January€1829.€Fair„copied€(7€stanzas)€inÏhandmade€booklet€now€tipped€into€MS€V,€ð ðBattle€of€Waterloo:€A€Playðð€(see€no.€57;€part€2,€MS€V,€ð ðDescriptionðð€andÏð ðContentðð).Ìà  àDrafted€early€in€1829,€the€ballad€or€song€may€well€have€given€Ruskin€his€idea€to€write€the€play€aboutÏWaterloo,€no.€57,€in€which€ideas€from€the€briefer€song€are€expanded€and€attributed€to€characters.Ìà  àThe€family,€Collingwood€says€in€the€òòLifeóó€(1893,€p.€20),€visited€Waterloo€field€in€1825,€following€a€trip€toÐ $à( ÐParis€to€view€the€festivities€connected€with€the€coronation€of€Charles€X.Ìà  àThe€MS€II€draft€differs€sufficiently€from€the€MS€V€fair€copy€that€both€are€shown€here€complete,€with€detailedÏcomparisons€provided€in€the€textual€notes.ÌÌ[MS€II]à@¿¿"ìàSong€of€waterlooˆÐ Œ(Ü#- ÐThey€fought€in€solid€wellformed€squaresÌrepelling€many€a€blowÌand€not€a€man€among€them€caresÌfor€his€life€or€for€the€foeÌÌÌÌMingled€in€death€foot€horse€and€allÌAnd€mingled€too€in€fightÌthe€dying€to€the€€others€callÌto€exercise€their€mightÌÌTogether€locked€were€helmets€shieldsÌand€in€the€fierce€affrayÌthe€land€that€once€was€blooming€fieldsÌall€drooping€trampled€layÌÌÌonce€loud€loud€was€the€victððry€cryÌtwas€cried€by€the€foeÌbut€the€warlike€british€€speedilyòòóóÐ X ÐTheir€valour€made€them€knowÌÌO€Wellington€there€thou€wast€braveÌThere€thou€wast€bold€indeedÌStudious€thy€soldiers€lives€to€saveÌAnd€yet€to€victry€leadÌÌUp€Guards€and€at€them€was€the€cryÌA€joyous€cry€indeedÌThen€with€impetuosityÌThou€didst€thy€soldiers€lead.ÌÌ€and€on€the€landÌFrench€died€while€dieing€[strike€òòoróó€stroke(?)]Ð 0€  Ð[strike€òòoróó€stroke(?)]€with€the€force€of€dying€handÐ üL! Ðat€sword€or€gun€or€pike>ÌÌ[MS€V]à@//!ìàBALLAD€ON€WATERLOOˆÐ `!°$ ÐTHE€warlike€British€fought€and€fellÌAnd€gained€eternal€fameÌWhile€aged€dames€to€youngsters€tellÌThe€glories€of€their€nameÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌThey€fought€in€solid€well€formed€squaresÌRepelling€many€a€blowÌAnd€not€a€man€among€them€caresÌFor€his€life€or€for€the€foeÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌMingled€in€death€foot€horse€and€allÌAnd€mingled€too€in€fightÌThe€dying€to€the€others€callÌTo€excercise€[òòsicóó]€their€mightÐ ˆ,Ø'2 Ðà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÐ T-¤(3 ÐTogether€locked€were€helmets€shieldsÌAnd€in€the€fierce€affrayÌThe€land€that€once€was€blooming€fieldsÌAll€drooping€trampled€layÌà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌOnce€Loud€loud€was€the€victððry€cryÌTwas€cried€by€the€foeÌBut€the€warlike€British€speedilyÌTheir€valour€made€them€knowÌà@ÂÂ*ìà6ˆÌO€Wellington€there€thou€wast€braveÌThere€thou€wast€bold€indeedÌStudious€thy€soldiers€lives€to€saveÌAnd€yet€to€victððry€leadÌà@ÂÂ*ìà7ˆÌUp€Guards€and€at€them€was€the€cryÌA€joyous€cry€indeedÌThen€with€impetuosityÌThou€didst€thy€soldiers€lead.ÌÌà  àòòTextual€notesóó.„„The€MS€II€draft€is€divided€into€two€parts€in€manuscript,€the€first€part€beginning€with€whatÐ  ð Ðwould€prove€stanza€2€of€the€MS€V€version,€and€continuing€through€stanza€5€of€the€final€version.€Stanza€1€of€the€fairÏcopy€never€appears€in€draft.€This€first€part€of€draft€also€contains€a€deleted€stanza.€The€first,€four„stanza€part€falls€beforeÏno.€37,€a€sermon€note€that€seems€to€interrupt€composition€of€the€battle€song.€Then,€with€the€title€ð ðSong€of€waterlooððÏrepeated€immediately€after€the€sermon€note,€the€poem€is€resumed€with€what€would€become€stanzas€6„7€of€the€MS€VÏversion€(i.e.,€stanzas€5„6€of€MS€II€draft).€This€second€section€of€draft€also€has€a€deleted€stanza.Ìà  àòòBetween€stzs.€2€and€3€of€MS€V€(stzs.€1€and€2€of€MS€II),€MS€II€has€canceled€stz.óóÐ h¸ Ðà  àòòLine€11,€MS€Vóó€others]€€others€òòMS€IIóóÐ 4„ Ðà  àòòLine€17,€MS€V,€is€drafted€in€MS€II€following€a€canceled€version€of€that€line:óó€Ð P Ðà  àòòLine€19,€MS€Vóó€speedily]€€speedily€òòMS€IIóóÐ Ì Ðà  àòòAfter€stz.€7,€MS€V€(stz.€6,€MS€II),€MS€II€has€canceled€stz.óóÐ ˜è ÐÌà  à37.€ð ðA€Sermonðð€(prose,€beginning€ð ðshut€him€upðð),€probably€January€19€but€certainly€mid„January€to€March,ÏMS€II.€Quoted€òòWorksóó,€1:xxvi€n.€1.Ð üL! Ðà  àIn€apparently€the€first€reference€to€noting€down€sermons,€Ruskin€writes€on€January€19€to€John€James€aboutÏð ða€beautiful€Sermonðð€by€Dr.€Andrews€that€he€and€Mary€ð ðare€putting€.€.€.€down€as€well€as€we€can€for€you€to€look€atÏwhen€you€come€homeðð€(òòRFLóó,€173).€That€he€wrote€it€here€in€MS€II€is€supported€by€the€draft€of€a€letter€to€Mrs.€Monro,Ð `!°$ Ðalso€in€MS€II,€which€mentions€ð ðof€late€I€began€to€attend€to€[Andrewsððs]€sermons€and€write€them€in€a€book€at€homeððÏ(this€letter€and€the€January€19€letter€to€his€father€also€correspond€in€mentioning€an€identical€incident€of€the€childrenÏmeeting€Andrews€in€the€street).Ìà  àIt€is€safe€to€assign€this€and€three€other€examples€of€sermon€notes€in€MS€II€to€the€first€quarter€of€the€year,Ïwhen€several€references€to€sermon€note„taking€are€made€in€the€family€letters.€In€MS€II€itself,€moreover,€the€sermonÏnotes€are€mixed€in€with€drafts€of€poetry€(nos.€41,€44)€for€John€Jamesððs€May€10€birthday.€It€is€difficult€to€pin€downÏprecisely,€however,€which€sermon€notes„„nos.€37,€42,€43,€or€45„„correspond€to€the€references€in€the€letters.€After€theÏfirst€reference€on€January€19,€which€may€or€may€not€correspond€to€no.€37,€Ruskin€next€reports€on€Saturday,€FebruaryÏ21,€that€he€was€ð ðonly€at€the€1st€head€of€last€Sundays€sermonðð;€on€the€next€day,€ð ðDoctor€Andrews€preached€such€aÏdelightful€sermon€.€.€.€Mary€and€I€thought€that€we€remembered€a€great€deal€but€when€we€came€to€write€it€down€weÏfound€that€we€did€not€remember€so€much€as€we€thoughtðð;€and€on€March€4€Margaret€refers€to€Ruskin€writing€ð ða€novelÏ&€a€Sermon€both€as€far€as€they€have€gone€very€tolerable€I€assure€youðð€(òòRFLóó,€178,€179,€185;€the€ð ðnovelðð€probably€refersÐ ð*@&0 Ðto€no.€46).€That€John€and€Mary€ð ðdid€not€remember€muchðð€is€reflected€in€the€brevity€and€fragmentation€of€all€fourÏsermon€pieces.ÌÐ T-¤(3 Ðà  à38.€ð ðA€Shipwreck,ðð€February€13,€21,€and€March€9,€MSS€III,€XI,€Bem€L1.€Printed€in€òòRFLóó,€176,€180,€181„82€n.Ð ° Ð7.€First€two€stanzas€reproduced€from€13€February€1829€letter€in€Dearden,€ð ðRuskinððs€òòPoemsóó€1850,ðð€pl.€1.Ð |Ì Ðà  àEntitled€ð ðTHE€SHIPWRECKðð€in€version€contained€in€letters€(MS€XI,€Bem€L1);€entitled€ð ðA€SHIPWRECKððÏin€MS€III.Ìà  àòòDatingóó.„„Though€a€draft€was€begun€in€February€1829€letters€to€his€father,€Ruskin€did€not€fair„copy€the€entireÐ à0 Ðpoem€until€March€9,€1829,€among€a€group€in€MS€III:€on€March€10€he€wrote,€ð ðI€am€trying€to€get€that€red€book€[MSÏIII]€.€.€.€finished.€.€.€.€€I€am€putting€in€the€shipwreck€altogetherðð€(òòRFLóó,€192).€That€MS€III€fair€copy€is€printed€here,€sinceÐ x È ÐòòRFLóó€prints€the€epistolary€version€(although€Burd€also€draws€on€MS€III€for€the€stanzas€not€included€in€the€letters,Ð D ” Ðstanzas€5„8).ÌÌà@ÁÁ%ìàA€SHIPWRECKˆÌA€noble€ship€sailed€from€fair€Englands€white€sandsÌAnd€spread€her€wide€sails€to€the€evening€windÌAnd€ah€she€was€bound€to€the€far€foreign€landsÌFrom€the€wilds€of€America€riches€to€mineÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌShe€sailed€on€her€way€and€a€tempest€aroseÌHark€hark€to€the€seagulls€lone€cryÌAnd€hark€to€the€billows€wild€dash€at€her€bowsÌAnd€hark€to€the€seamans€sad€sigh.Ìà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌNot€a€star€appeared€or€one€glittering€speckÌTo€guide€them€on€their€wayÌOr€to€lighten€the€almost€total€wreckÌOr€to€serve€in€the€place€of€dayÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌBut€oft€appeared€a€lightning€flashÌThat€served€instead€of€dayÌAnd€now€with€a€loud€and€dreadful€crashÌA€mast€on€the€waters€layÌà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌAnd€oh€it€was€tremendous€soundÌWith€which€the€thunder€roaredÌAnd€the€waves€they€dashed€the€ship€aroundÌThen€trembled€every€boardÌà@ÂÂ*ìà6ˆÌAt€length€towards€the€stern€a€waveÌCame€rushing€on€full€highÌAnd€then€the€coward€and€the€braveÌAll€saw€that€they€must€dieÌà@ÂÂ*ìà7ˆÌI€need€not€tell€the€dreadful€fateÌOf€the€crew€when€that€wave€fellÌAnd€neer€its€fury€did€abateÌAs€it€tolled€their€watery€knellÌà@ÂÂ*ìà8ˆÌAnd€now€Iððll€end€my€tragic€songÌSo€reader€say€farewellÌI€hope€it€has€not€been€too€longÌFarewell€farewell€farewell.ÌÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„Ruskinððs€February€letters€contain€stanzas€1„4,€which€Burd€prints€in€òòRFLóó,€and€which€I€have€notÐ T-¤(3 Ðcompared€against€the€original.€The€following€are€the€variants€in€MS€III€for€stanzas€1„4€in€the€epistolary€version.Ìà  àòò3,€MS€IIIóó€ah]€as€òòMS€XI/Bem€L1óóÐ |Ì Ðà  àòò4,€MS€IIIóó€mine]€mine.€òòMS€XI/Bem€L1óóÐ H˜ Ðà  àòò8,€MS€IIIóó€sigh.]€sigh€òòMS€XI/Bem€L1óóÐ d Ðà  àòòStzs.€3„4€in€MS€III€do€not€feature€italics€or€emphasis€marks€assigned€to€same€stzs€in€MS€XI/Bem€L1.óóÐ à0 Ðà  àòò13,€MS€IIIóó€lightning]€lightnings€òòMS€XI/Bem€L1óóÐ ¬ü Ðà  àòò16,€MS€IIIóó€lay]€lay.€òòMS€XI/Bem€L1óóÐ x È ÐÌà  à39.€ð ðA€Psalmðð€or€ð ðA€Psalm€XXXðð€(ð ðI€will€extol€thee€O€my€Lordðð),€composed€around€February€23€and€MarchÏ10,€MSS€III,€XI.€Printed€in€òòRFLóó,€179„80,€194.Ð Ü ,  Ðà  àSent€in€parts,€first€three€stanzas€and€then€four€more€(entitled€ð ðA€Psalmðð),€in€February€23€and€March€10Ïletters€to€his€father;€respecting€the€latter€part,€he€wrote€ð ðthis€psalm€is€the€same€as€I€wrote€it€at€first€€I€tried€to€alter€itÏbut€I€found€I€could€make€nothing€better€of€itðð€(òòRFLóó,€194).€Copy€in€MS€III€(entitled€ð ðA€Psalm€XXXðð)€is€the€last€item€inÐ @  Ða€group€started€March€9€(see€note€to€no.€47);€this€copy€adds€an€eighth€stanza€to€the€epistolary€version,€followed€by€aÏnumber€ð ð9ðð€awaiting€another€stanza,€which€was€never€added.€Perhaps€Ruskin€intended€to€join€this€poem€with€no.€30.€ÌÌà  à40.€ð ðOn€the€Rainbow,ðð€mid„January€to€March,€MS€II.€Unpublished.Ìà  àMisdated€1828,€òòWorksóó,€2:536.€Follows€nos.€36€and€37€and€precedes€no.€41.Ð <Œ  ÐÌà  à41.€ð ðMay,ðð€composed€mid„January€to€March€for€May€presentation,€MSS€II,€V.€Printed€in€part,€òòPJRóó,€1:9„10.Ð Ô$ ÐPrinted€in€full,€òòWorksóó,€2:263„64;€and€òòRFLóó,€169.Ð  ð Ðà  àTitle€ð ðMayðð€in€MS€II;€ð ðMòòAYóóðð€in€MS€V.€In€òòRFLóó€Burd€follows€the€earlier€editors€in€misdating€this€birthdayÐ l¼ Ðpoem€for€his€father€as€May€1828,€but€the€draft€falls€in€the€1829€section€of€MS€II,€following€nos.€32,€36,€37,€and€40.€AsÏòòRFLóó€and€òòWorksóó€do€note,€the€fair€copy€appears€in€the€1829€booklet€tipped€into€MS€V,€ð ðBattle€of€Waterloo:€A€PlayððÐ T Ð(see€no.€57);€this€is€not€a€later€copy€as€they€claim,€however,€but€its€first€presentation€as€a€new€birthday€poem.Ìà  àBurd€follows€the€earlier€editors€also€in€associating€this€poem€with€a€fragment€entitled€ð ða€letterðð€in€MS€IIÏ(òòRFLóó,€170).€This€prose€fragment€and€the€poem€draft€probably€do€refer€to€the€same€occasion,€but€in€MS€II€they€areÐ h¸ Ðseparated€by€several€pages,€and€I€believe€the€fragment€is€actually€an€odd€bit€of€draft€for€the€end€of€Ruskinððs€May€10,Ï1829,€birthday€letter€to€his€father€(òòRFLóó,€200),€which€is€very€similar.Ð P Ðà  àSince€òòRFLóó€prints€from€the€MS€II€draft€of€ð ðMayðð€(with€a€few€errors€and€omissions,€noted€below),€the€MS€VÐ Ì Ðfair€copy€is€provided€here.ÌÌà@PP)ìàMòòAYóóˆÐ 0€  Ðà@ÂÂ*ìà1ˆÌJòòOYOUSóó€joyous€joyous€mayÐ È" ÐLet€us€dance€the€hours€awayÌWhen€you€appearÌBut€once€a€yearÌThou€dost€bring€a€happy€dayÌThen€on€the€greenÌDance€in€a€ringÌMany€a€little€elf€and€fay.Ìà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌFlowrððs€spring€up€beneath€thy€feetÌGreenest€velvet€is€thy€seatÌSunny€raysÌRound€thee€blazeÌWith€temperate€and€pleasant€heatÌCome€awayÌHappy€mayÌWhere€all€thats€good€and€pleasant€meetÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÐ T-¤(3 ÐMuch€happier€thou€indeed€to€meÌFor€thou€papaððs€birthday€dost€seeÌWith€that€thou€mightÌBe€Zemblaððs€nightÌAnd€yet€be€quite€as€fair€to€meÌAs€now€thou€art.ÌMy€happy€heartÌBeats€at€the€thought€of€spending€theeÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌNot€thee€May€though€indeed€thouððrt€fairÌTis€for€my€fathers€birthday€that€I€careÌThat€happy€dayÌWhen€joined€with€MayÌIs€joyous€more€than€all€the€yearÌCome€awayÌJoyous€mayÌGood€and€happy€sweet€and€fairÌÌà  àòòTextual€notesóó.„„In€MS€II,€initial€letters€of€lines€are€not€consistently€capitalized€as€in€MS€V,€and€òòRFLóó€shows€theÐ X Ðcapitalization€incorrectly;€lines€2,€4,€9,€11„12,€15,€17„20,€24,€26„28,€and€30€are€not€capitalized€in€MS€II,€and€ð ðMayðð€notÏcapitalized€in€lines€1,€15,€25,€28,€31.€The€stanza€numerals€shown€in€òòRFLóó€do€not€exist€in€MS€II,€although€the€stanzaÐ  ð Ðbreaks,€slightly€different€from€those€in€MS€V,€are€shown€in€òòRFLóó€correctly€(see€notes€below).€Only€punctuation€in€MSÐ l¼ ÐII€are€apostrophes€in€lines€9,€20Ìà  àòòLine€1€in€MS€II€draft€preceded€by€canceled€linesóó€€òòomitted€in€RFLóóÐ T Ðà  àòò6,€MS€IIóó€on€òòwith€deletion€omitted€in€RFLóó]€on€òòMS€VóóÐ Ð  Ðà  àòò7,€MS€IIóó€Danc€òòwith€deletion€omitted€in€RFLóó]€Dance€òòMS€VóóÐ œì Ðà  àòò16,€MSS€II,€Vóó€all€thats€òòincorrectly€printed€asóó€allððs€that€òòin€RFLóóÐ h¸ Ðà  àòò17,€MS€IIóó€€much€òòwith€the€deletion€omitted€in€RFLóó]€Much€òòMS€VóóÐ 4„ Ðà  àòò18,€MSS€II,€Vóó€dost€òòincorrectly€printed€asóó€doth€òòin€RFLóóÐ P Ðà  àòòBetween€lines€24€and€25,€MS€II€has€no€stz.€division€or€stz.€numeralóó€4€òòas€in€MS€VóóÐ Ì Ðà  àòò32,€MS€IIóó€€sweet€òòwith€deletion€omitted€in€RFLóó]€sweet€òòMS€VóóÐ ˜è ÐÌà  à42.€ð ðA€Sermonðð€(prose,€beginning€ð ðbeautiful€allegoryðð),€February€to€March,€MS€II.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSee€the€note€to€no.€37;€since€no.€42€follows€the€draft€of€ð ðMay,ðð€no.€41,€it€can€be€dated€somewhat€later€thanÏno.€37.ÌÌà  à43.€ð ðA€Themeðð€(prose),€February€to€March,€MS€II.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSo€dated€by€its€position€between€nos.€42€and€44€in€MS€II.€Ruskin€calls€this€piece€ð ða€theme,ðð€rather€than€aÏð ðsermonðð€(see€nos.€37,€42,€45),€possibly€because€he€did€not€hear€the€text€in€church.€The€discourse€reads€like€notes€onÏan€address€to€a€missionary€society.€Ruskinððs€handwriting€is€unusually€illegible€for€this€piece.ÌÌà  à44.€ð ðSkiddaw€and€Derwent€Water,ðð€composed€between€late€February€or€early€March€and€May,€MSS€II,€V.ÏRevised€and€split€into€two€poems€for€inclusion€in€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€(August€1829€and€February€1830),€as€Ruskinððs€firstÐ (&x!* Ðtwo€publications.€Printed€in€òòPJRóó,€1:11„14€(MS€II€version,€edited€and€split€into€two€poems,€but€not€the€same€division€asÐ ô&D"+ Ðthat€in€òòSpiritual€Timesóó);€òòWorksóó,€2:265„68€(MS€V€and€February€1830€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€versions);€Cook,€òòLifeóó,€23Ð À'#, Ð(amalgam€of€portions€of€February€1830€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€and€òòPJRóó€editing€of€MS€II€version);€and€in€John€Ruskin,€òòThreeÐ Œ(Ü#- ÐLakeland€Poemsóó,€ed.€and€ptd.€by€J.€S.€Dearden€(Bembridge:€Yellowsands€Press,€1971)€(MS€V€version).Ð X)¨$. Ðà  àMisdated€1828,€òòWorksóó€2:536.€In€his€May€10,€1829,€letter€presenting€the€poem€for€his€fatherððs€birthday,Ð $*t%/ ÐRuskin€says€ð ðI€think€I€began€it€about€three€months€agoðð€(òòRFLóó,€200)„„i.e.,€late€February€or€early€March€(at€the€latest),Ð ð*@&0 Ðwhich€would€correspond€to€the€position€of€the€draft€in€MS€II,€following€no.€43.€This€draft€must€be€ð ðthat€blank€verseÏupon€Lake€Derwentðð€that€Ruskin€ð ðdemurred€at€bringingðð€to€his€father,€as€he€reminds€John€James€in€the€May€10€letter,Ïsince€ð ðit€was€designed€for€your€birthday€and€I€did€not€wish€you€to€see€it€beforehand,ðð€and€ð ðthere€was€a€line€sayingÐ T-¤(3 Ðsomething€about€this€happy€day€and€I€was€afraid€you€would€ask€me€what€happy€day€and€then€the€whole€secret€wouldÏgradually€have€been€hauled€out€of€my€unwilling€mouthðð€(òòRFLóó,€199).€The€draft€does€contain€such€a€line€at€the€end€ofÐ |Ì Ðfirst€section,€that€on€Skiddaw€(ð ð.€.€.€but€no€more€€/€on€this€sad€subject€on€this€happy€dayðð),€and€this€line€isÏpresent€also€in€the€fair„copy€MS€V€version.€(This€penultimate€half„line€and€concluding€line€are€omitted€from€òòPJRóó,Ð d Ð1:11„12,€which€prints€the€MS€II€version,€but€which€silently€edits€out€these€lines,€presumably€in€keeping€with€the€policyÏthat€ð ðBirthday€Addresses€usually€need€lopping€to€be€presentable€as€ððpoemsðððð€[1:270].)€Ruskinððs€evasive€maneuveurs€toÏprevent€his€father€from€reading€the€poem€may€have€been€negotiated€about€April,€when€a€gap€in€the€family€lettersÏsuggests€that€John€James€was€at€home.Ìà  àThe€presentation€copy€of€no.€44€alluded€to€in€the€May€10€letter€is€probably€that€contained€in€the€handmadeÏbooklet€tipped€into€MS€V,€ð ðBattle€of€Waterloo:€A€Play,ðð€a€booklet€that€also€presents€fair€copies€of€the€(formerlyÏmisdated)€birthday€poem€no.€41€as€well€as€of€nos.€29,€36,€44,€57.€That€this€fair€copy€of€no.€44€is€Ruskinððs€intendedÏbirthday€presentation€becomes€more€evident,€if€one€omits€Burdððs€bracketed€editorial€insertion€in€Ruskinððs€remark,Ïð ðOn€Newyearsday€I€prepared€a€small€poem€for€you,ðð€so€ð ðon€your€birthday€it€becomes€me€to€have€a€much€larger€[one]Ïfor€youðð€(òòRFLóó,€199);€i.e.,€by€a€ð ðlarger,ðð€Ruskin€may€mean,€not€just€a€larger€poem,€but€a€much€larger€project„„theÐ  \  Ðhandmade€booklet€containing€several€poems€and€a€play.€The€fair€copy€of€the€poem€in€this€booklet€was€not€used€byÏCollingwood€as€copytext,€probably€because€he€had€not€seen€the€booklet€by€1891,€its€insertion€into€MS€V€being€firstÏmentioned€in€the€Library€Edition€bibliography€of€the€poetry€manuscripts€(compare€òòPJRóó,€1:264,€and€òòWorksóó€2:531;Ð pÀ  ÐCollingwood€had€seen€the€booklet€by€1893,€however,€when€he€summarizes€it€in€òòLifeóó,€32).€Ð <Œ  Ðà  àIf€Burd€takes€it€too€much€for€granted€(òòRFLóó,€200€n.€3)€that€the€enclosure€with€Ruskinððs€10€May€1829€letterÐ X Ðmust€have€been€only€one€poem„„a€ð ðmissingðð€presentation€copy€of€no.€44,€rather€than,€as€I€believe,€the€ð ðWaterlooððÏbooklet„„nonetheless€one€cannot€entirely€discount€the€possibility€that€no.€44€once€existed€in€a€separate€birthdayÏpresentation€copy€by€itself.€Such€a€copy€might€explain€Ruskinððs€perplexing€remark€in€the€May€10€letter€that€he€hadÏð ðfound€a€way€of€evading€this€lineðð€about€the€ð ðhappy€day,ðð€which€the€ð ðpoem€sounded€quite€well€withoutðð€(òòRFLóó,€200)„„Ð 8ˆ Ðperplexing,€since€the€booklet€version€does€retain€the€line€from€MS€II.€Ruskin€may€mean,€however,€that€he€evaded€theÏline€when€reading€the€draft€aloud€to€his€father.Ìà  àIn€the€MS€II€draft,€the€section€that€Collingwood€printed€separately€and€entitled€ð ðSkiddawðð€is€followed€by€no.Ï45;€however,€when€the€draft€resumes€after€no.€45,€there€is€no€indication€that€Ruskin€intended€a€separate€poem€called,Ïas€Collingwood€entitles€it,€ð ðDerwentwaterðð€(òòPJRóó,€1:13„14).€The€draft€following€no.€45€begins€ð ðskiddaw€derwent€waterÐ 4„ Ð/€Now€derwent€water€come€a€looking€glass,ðð€a€transition€of€a€like€kind€with€one€in€the€preceding€draft€thatÏCollingwood€omitted€from€his€printing€of€ð ðSkiddawðð:€ð ðBut€enough€/€Ive€treated€of€the€clouds.€now€skiddaw€comeððÏ(falling€in€lines€14„15,€as€printed€in€òòPJRóó,€1:11).€In€other€words,€the€MS€II€version€was€intended€as€the€integral€pieceÐ ˜è Ðthat€is€fair„copied€in€MS€V€(see€òòWorksóó,€2:266„68€n.),€an€intention€evident€from€the€start€in€Ruskinððs€draft€titleÐ d´ Ðð ðdescription€of€skiddaw€&€lake€derwent.ððÌà  àThe€Library€Edition€added€both€important€textual€and€bibliographic€detail€and€further€confusion,€byÏclaiming€to€print€the€text€as€it€ð ðfirst€appeared€in€òòThe€Spiritual€Timesóó€.€.€.€February€1830ðð„„ð ðthe€earliest€printed€work€ofÐ È" ÐRuskinðð€(òòWorksóó,€2:265€n.€1).€The€claim€is€only€half€true,€as€James€Dearden€has€discovered€(ð ðJohn€Ruskinððs€FirstÐ ” ä# ÐPublished€Work,ðð€òòBook€Collectoróó€42,€no.€2€[summer€1994]:€299„300).€Ruskinððs€first€publication€in€fact€occurred€halfÐ `!°$ Ða€year€earlier,€in€the€August€1829€number€of€òòThe€Spiritual€Timesóó,€which€printed€a€version€of€the€third€strophe€of€theÐ ,"|% ÐMSS€II/V€poem„„i.e.,€the€strophe€that€in€the€MS€II€draft€is€designated€ð ðconclusion,ðð€beginning€ð ðsweet€derwent€on€thyÏwinding€shore.ðð€The€printing€appears€as€follows€(with€several€interesting€variants€from€the€earlier€MSS€II/V€versionsÏof€the€strophe;€compare€òòWorksóó,€2:267„68):Ð $à( Ðà@  (ìàLINESˆÌà@S S ìàWRITTEN€AT€THE€LAKES€IN€CUMBERLAND.ˆÌÌà@  $ìàòòDerwentwateróó.ˆÐ À'#, Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSweet€DÔ‡æÓ’õõÔÔ‡ÈG’æÓÔERWENTÔ#†õ:«õÈG&•#ÔÔ‡ô:«õõõ:«ÔÔ#†ôl¥õõô:«E•#ÔÔ‡ô:«õõôl¥Ô!€on€thy€winding€shore,ÐŒ(Ü#-¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBeside€thy€mountain€forests€hoar,Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThere€would€I€love€to€wander€still;Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€drink€from€out€the€rippling€rill,Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWhich€from€thy€rocky€head€doth€fall,Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€mingles€with€the€eagleððs€call;Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWhile€from€Helvellyn€thunders€break,Ð\-¬(3¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRe„echoed€from€Old€Derwentððs€lake.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€where€the€lightningððs€flaming€dart,Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àPlays€oððer€the€Poetððs€eye,€and€warms€his€heart:€Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThough€such€thy€glories€Earth,€thy€proudest€whole,Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àCan€never€satiate€the€grasping€soul!Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àRð"ðð"ðИèÈ(#È(# ÐThis€strophe,€it€was€believed,€had€been€cut€when€the€first€ð ðtwo€sets€ofÏverses,€on€Skiddaw€and€Derwent€Water€respectively,€[were]€run€together,ðð€asÏCook€and€Wedderburn€(misleadingly)€state,€and€were€printed€in€the€FebruaryÏ1830€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€as€ð ðOn€Skiddaw€and€Derwent„Water.ðð€In€fact,€theÐ ¸   Ðconcluding€strophe€was€cut€because€it€had€already€been€separately€printed;€andÏthe€remaining€Skiddaw€and€Derwent€Water€sections€were€not€ð ðrun€together,ððÏsince€they€had€never€been€separated€in€the€first€place€(except€for€later,€inÏCollingwoodððs€misinterpretation€of€the€MS€II€draft).Ìà  àThus,€among€the€decisions€made€in€the€few€months€between€May€and€AugustÏ1829„„not€the€two€years€between€1828€and€1830,€as€believed€until€recently„„¼was,€first,€to€separate€the€third,€concluding€strophe€from€the€body€of€theÏpoem,€as€it€had€appeared€in€the€draft€and€fair€copy„„a€separation€neverÏevident€in€any€of€Ruskinððs€manuscripts.€Second,€significant€revisions€wereÏmade€to€the€now€separated€parts€of€the€poem.€Most€notably,€a€pious€concludingÏcouplet€was€added€in€the€published€ð ðLines,ðð€and€decorous€revisions€transformedÏthe€ending€of€the€1830€ð ðOn€Skiddaw€and€Derwent„Water,ðð€as€well.€The€sentimentÏin€these€revisions€can€be€seen€as€contradictory€to€the€spirit€of€the€originalÏversions.€The€friction€caused€by€the€revising€process€is€probably€reflected€inÏdebates€over€worldly€beauty€versus€religious€asceticism€carried€on€in€nos.€58„¼59.€The€debate€seems€to€culminate€in€no.€60„„unusually€illegible,€scrawledÏdraft€that€almost€certainly€represents€Ruskinððs€troubled€attempt€at€revisingÏthe€Skiddaw€and€Derwent€Water€poem€for€publication.Ìà  àThe€greater€piety€and€decorum€of€the€published€versions€make€sense€inÏlight€of€their€venue.€The€òòSpiritual€Times:€A€Monthly€Magazineóó€was€edited€andÐ X¨ Ðowned€by€Ruskinððs€tutor,€the€Reverend€Edward€Andrews,€who€had€been€hired€toÏteach€Ruskin€only€a€few€months€earlier,€in€April€(òòRFLóó€200).€For€informationÐ è8 Ðabout€Andrews€as€the€magazineððs€editor,€Dearden,€in€ð ðJohn€Ruskinððs€FirstÏPublished€Work,ðð€points€to€Ian€Anstrutherððs€òòCoventry€Patmoreððs€Angel:€A€StudyÐ xÈ! Ðof€Coventry€Patmore,€His€Wife€Emily€and€ð ðThe€Angel€in€the€Houseððóó€(London:Ð @" ÐHaggerston€Press,€1992).€Andrews,€it€appears,€published€his€own€childrenððsÏverse€in€the€journal,€and€so€it€was€natural€enough€that€he€would€edit€verse€byÏhis€precocious€new€student.€(Reciprocally,€John€James€would€later€copy€verseÏby€Andrewsððs€daughter€Eliza€in€Ruskinððs€MS€VI€[see€part€1,€MS€VI,€òòeóó].)€InÐ `"°& Ðretrospect,€then,€it€was€auspicious€that,€in€Ruskinððs€May€10€birthday€letterÏto€his€father€accompanying€the€MS€V€ð ðOn€Skiddaw€and€Derwent€Water,ðð€he€devotedÏa€quarter€of€the€space€celebrating€the€recent€ð ðcoming€of€the€tutorðð„„ð ða€mostÏimportant€aera€of€my€lifeðð€(òòRFLóó,€200).€Worshiping€Andrewsððs€mirthful€yetÐ €%Ð * Ðlearned€character,€Ruskin€must€have€been€ecstatic€to€be€published€in€hisÏtutorððs€magazine,€whatever€he€may€have€felt€about€the€revisions€demanded€ofÏhis€poem.Ìà  àThe€subsequent€oversight€of€the€1829€printing€of€ð ðLinesðð€cannot€beÏattributed€entirely€to€Cook€and€Wedderburnððs€carelessness.€John€James€himselfÏseems€to€cite€the€1830€ð ðOn€Skiddaw€and€Derwent„Waterðð€as€Ruskinððs€firstÏpublication€in€a€list€he€compiled€of€Ruskinððs€poetry€publications€(ð ðon€SkiddawÏ&€Derwent€Water€/€page€72€Spiritual€Times€/€Feby€1830€age€11€yearsðð;€see€partÏ1,€MS€IV).€Although€John€James€compiled€this€list€in€the€later€1840s,€almostÏtwo€decades€following€the€publication€of€ð ðLines,ðð€it€is€very€odd€that€theÏadmiring€father€could€have€forgotten€even€the€slightest€detail€about€RuskinððsÐ .h)5 Ðfirst€appearance€in€print.€Surely,€John€James€would€have€recalled€not€only€hisÏown€pride€but€also,€if€a€now€common€belief€can€be€credited,€his€part€inÏrevising€the€poem€for€press€(see€B.€E.€Maidment,€ð ðððOnly€Printðð„„Ruskin€and€theÏPublishers,ðð€òòDurham€University€Journalóó€63,€no.€3€[n.s.€32,€no.€3]€[June€1971]:Ð X Ð196).€(No€copies,€incidentally,€of€either€the€August€1829€or€the€February€1830Ïissues€of€the€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€are€presently€known€to€have€been€owned€by€theÐ ˜è ÐRuskins„„the€Bembridge€copies,€one€of€the€last€additions€to€the€collectionÏprior€to€its€move€to€Lancaster,€having€originally€belonged€to€Andrews„„but€itÏis€beyond€credibility€that€the€family€did€not€own€both€issues.€See€òòRBBóó,€214;Ð ð @ Ðand€James€S.€Dearden,€ð ðThe€Ruskin€Galleries€at€Bembridge€School,€Isle€ofÏWight,ðð€òòBulletin€of€the€John€Rylands€Libraryóó€51,€no.€2€[Spring€1969]:€334.)Ð € Ð  Ðà  àJohn€Jamesððs€mistaken€entry€in€MS€IV€is€crossed€out€in€pencil,€which€mayÏmean€that€somebody€in€the€family€had€spotted€its€inaccuracy;€however,€theÏscoring€could€also€represent€John€Jamesððs€decision,€a€curious€one,€not€toÏinclude€his€sonððs€first€two€publications€in€the€1850€òòPoemsóó€by€ð ðJ.Rðð„„not€evenÐ  ð  Ðthe€1830€ð ðOn€Skiddaw€and€Derwent„Water,ðð€which€he€certainly€remembered.€TheÏomission€raises€interesting€questions€that€cannot€be€resolved€in€light€of€theÏavailable,€largely€negative€evidence,€but€that€at€least€challenge€prevailingÏassumptions.€Did€John€James,€for€example,€in€fact€have€a€hand€in€revising€theÏ1829/30€poems€for€press„„a€notion,€after€all,€that€started€with€a€mereÏhazarded€opinion€by€Cook€and€Wedderburn€that€ð ðit€is€possible€that€RuskinððsÏfather€or€the€editor€touched€them€up€for€publicationðð€(òòWorksóó,€2:265€n.)?€WasÐ h Ðthere,€rather,€something€in€the€editing€of€the€poems,€and€Andrewsððs€role€inÏtheir€publication,€that€either€John€James€or€Ruskin€himself€disliked€enough€toÏexclude€them,€two€decades€later,€from€the€private„circulation€collection?€InÏ1850,€John€James€informed€his€son€that€ð ðwe€shall€not€print€your€12€year€poemsÏwhich€the€marvellous€are€better€in€your€own€òòprintedóó€written€[i.e.,€hand„Ð P Ðlettered]€little€Book„„We€shall€begin€with€Months€age€16€I€believe€unless€youÏdesire€òòearlieróó€piecesðð€(qtd.€in€ð ðRuskinððs€òòPoemsóó€1850ðð).€This€does€not€explainÐ à Ðòòwhyóó€John€James€preferred€the€earlier€poems€to€remain€in€their€presentation„Ð X¨ Ðcopy€format;€and,€in€any€case,€the€1850€òòPoemsóó€did€not€begin€with€ð ðThe€MonthsððÐ  p Ð(no.€194)€but€with€ð ðSongðð€(no.€176),€a€previously€unpublished€poem€of€1833.Ïð ðSkiddawðð€and€ð ðLinesðð€could€have€been€vetoed€by€Ruskin€owing€to€theirÏtrammelment€in€the€religious€and€intellectual€conflict€already€mentioned.€JohnÏJames€could€have€harbored€some€resentment€of€Andrews€as€the€first€competitionÏby€an€older€male€for€his€sonððs€affections,€a€possible€jealousy€that€might€haveÏfed€John€Jamesððs€and€Margaretððs€later€list€of€reasons€for€disapproving€of€theÏpreacher€and€his€family€(see€òòRFLóó€242„43,€366).Ð ˜!è% Ðà  àAgain,€one€must€guard€against€overinterpreting€negative€evidence,€butÏthe€subsequent€bibliographic€history€concerning€Ruskinððs€first€publicationsÏgrows€irresistibly€bizarre.€In€a€part€of€òòDeucalionóó€issued€in€October€1879,Ð ð#@( ÐRuskin€confidently€relayed€an€anecdote€that€transferred€the€event€of€his€firstÏappearance€in€print€to€his€first€òòproseóó€publication,€his€1834€papers€forÐ €%Ð * ÐLoudonððs€òòMagazine€of€Natural€Historyóó€(nos.€190„91,€193):Ð H&˜!+ Ðà0  àI€well€yet€remember€my€fatherððs€rushing€up€to€the€drawing„room€at€HerneÏHill,€with€wet€and€flashing€eyes,€with€the€proof€in€his€hand€of€theÏfirst€sentences€of€his€sonððs€writing€ever€set€in€type,„„ð ðInquiries€onÏthe€Causes€of€the€Colour€of€the€Water€of€the€Rhoneðð€.€.€.€.€€My€motherÏand€I€eagerly€questioning€the€cause€of€his€excitement,„„ð ðItððs„„itððs„„¼only€òòprint!óóðð€said€he.€Alas!€how€much€the€ð ðonlyðð€meant!€€(òòWorksóó,€26:275)Ðø*H&1(#(# ÐRuskin€may€have€been€misled€by€a€recent€bibliography€of€his€publishedÏwritings,€Shepherd,€of€which€the€first€edition€was€published€in€SeptemberÏ1878,€and€which€lists€the€ð ðInquiriesðð€as€Ruskinððs€first€periodicalÏpublication.€In€October€1878,€Ruskin€had€written€to€Shepherd€of€theÐ .h)5 Ðbibliography,€ð ðIt€will€be€of€extreme€value€to€me€in€filling€up€what€gaps€I€canÏin€this€patched€coverlid€of€my€life€before€it€is€draped€over€my€coffin„„if€itÏmay€beðð€(òòWorksóó,€34:537).€Shepherd,€however,€must€have€been€misled€in€his€turnÐ @ Ðby€Ruskin,€who,€in€an€1872€edition€of€the€òòCatalogueóó€of€the€Rudimentary€SeriesÐ X Ðof€drawings€at€the€Oxford€schools,€had€remarked€ð ðthat€Mr.€Loudon€was€the€firstÏliterary€patron€who€sent€words€of€mine€to€be€actually€set€up€in€print,€in€hisÏòòMagazine€of€Natural€Historyóó,€when€I€was€sixteenðð€(òòWorksóó,€21:243).€TheÐ ` ° Ðimportant€point,€I€believe,€is€that€Ruskin„„in€the€1870s€and€in€the€context€ofÏhis€writings€on€drawing,€botany,€and€geology„„òòwantedóó€to€believe€that€his€firstÐ ð @ Ðpublications€were€scientific€and€factual,€not€poetic,€in€nature.Ìà  àSince€Shepherd€and€Ruskinððs€published€remarks€in€the€1870s€on€his€firstÏpublication€would€have€been€taken€as€authoritative,€the€succeeding€majorÏbibliographies„„Wise€(1:302„3,€2:111),€and€the€chronological€list€ofÏpublications€appended€to€Collingwoodððs€òòLifeóó€(1893,€1:233)„„likewise€awardedÐ Ø(  Ðthe€distinction€to€the€1834€papers€for€Loudonððs€òòMagazineóó.€Ruskinððs€firstÐ  ð  Ðpoetry€publications,€according€to€these€bibliographies,€were€the€1835Ïcontributions€to€òòFriendshipððs€Offeringóó€(see€nos.€180,€207;€Wise,€2:123;Ð 0€  ÐCollingwood,€òòLifeóó€[1893],€1:233).€Wise€and€his€co„editor€Smart€were€unlikelyÐ øH  Ðto€be€disabused€by€Ruskin€or€the€Severns€of€any€errors,€the€response€fromÏBrantwood€to€Wise€being€as€politely€insouciant€and€unhelpful€as€Ruskin€hadÏbeen€to€Shepherd€(ð ðWise€and€Ruskin€I,ðð€48,€51„52).€Collingwood,€for€his€part,Ïmay€have€relied€more€on€Wise€and€Smart€than€they€did€on€him€(see€ð ðWise€andÏRuskin€I,ðð€46„47).€Collingwoodððs€persistence€in€the€error€is€remarkable,Ïhowever,€since€he€knew€about€John€Jamesððs€entry€in€MS€IV€on€the€òòSpiritualÐ ¨ø ÐTimesóó€publication€and€even€printed€it,€without€comment,€in€1891€(òòPJRóó€1:264;Ð pÀ ÐCollingwood€misprinted€the€1830€date€of€publication€as€ð ð1831ðð).€This€did€notÏprevent€Collingwood€two€years€later€in€the€òòLifeóó€(1893)€from€maintaining€thatÐ P ÐRuskin€ð ðbegan€his€literary€careerðð€as€the€ð ðanalytic€John€Ruskin€.€.€.€alreadyÏan€òòenfant€terribleóóðð€(1:49„50).Ð à Ðà  àIn€light€of€what,€by€the€1890s,€appears€to€have€settled€into€a€prejudiceÏfavoring€Ruskinððs€analytic€and€scientific€beginnings,€Cook€and€Wedderburn€mustÏbe€given€credit€for€locating€at€least€the€1830€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€version€of€ð ðOnÐ è8 ÐSkiddaw€and€Derwent„Water,ðð€which€they€used€as€their€main€copytext.€Still,Ïthis€printing€contains€one„and„a„half€dozen€punctuation€variants€from€theÏoriginal€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€version€and€changes€the€wording€of€three€lines€(lineÐ @" Ð11,€ð ðChasing€the€others€offðð€for€ð ðChasing€each€other€offðð€in€the€original;Ïline€17,€ð ðmajestic,€a€giant„natureððs€workðð€for€ð ðmajestic,€giant„natureððsÏworkðð;€and€line€42,€ð ðAnd€when€heððs€made€itðð€for€ð ðAnd€when€heððs€madeðð).Ìà  àThe€ð ðLinesðð€were€not,€as€the€published€title€claims,€ð ðwritten€at€theÏlakes€in€Cumberland.ðð€Rather,€as€Cook€and€Wedderburn€are€probably€correct€inÏsuggesting€about€ð ðOn€Skiddaw€and€Derwent€Water,ðð€the€poetry€harkens€back€toÏthe€familyððs€1826€trip€to€the€Lakes€(òòWorksóó,€2:265€n.€1);€they€had€also€visitedÐ ¸$ ) Ðthe€district€in€1824€and€1822€(òòTLCóó,€6„7).€A€ð ðgreat€tourðð€to€the€LakesÐ €%Ð * Ðprojected€for€1828€had€been€cancelled€due€to€the€death€of€John€Jamesððs€sisterÏ(see€no.€25).€Perhaps€Ruskin€believed€that€poetic€compensation€for€the€lostÏtour€and€anticipation€of€next€journey€to€the€Lakes€(1830)€would€be€appropriateÏfor€his€fatherððs€1829€birthday.ÌÌà  à45.€Sermon€Notes€(on€ð ðchrists€intercessionðð),€March€to€April,€MS€II.ÏUnpublished.Ìà  àVery€rough€notes,€occurring€in€the€middle€of€the€draft€for€no.€44.ÌÌà  à46.€ð ðThe€Monastery,ðð€composition€and€fair€copying€halted€around€March€9,ÏMSS€IA,€III.€Brief€excerpts€printed€òòPJRóó,€1:273;€òòWorksóó€2:260€n.€1,€276€n.€1.Ð .h)5 ÐPreviously€unpublished€in€entirety.Ìà  àMisdated€1827€in€òòWorksóó,€2:260.€On€March€4,€1829,€Margaret€refers€toÐ xÈ ÐRuskinððs€writing€ð ða€novelðð€(òòRFLóó,€185)„„i.e.,€this€versification€of€the€openingÐ @ Ðof€Scottððs€novel,€òòThe€Monasteryóó.€On€March€10,€Ruskin€writes€to€John€James,€ð ðIÐ X Ðam€trying€to€get€that€red€book€[MS€III]€of€mine€which€has€the€Monastery€in€itÏfinished,€by€the€time€you€come€homeðð€(òòRFLóó,€192).€In€MS€III€ð ðThe€Monasteryðð€isÐ ˜è Ðplaced€following€an€earlier,€late„1827€group€of€poems€called€ð ðpoetryÏdescriptiveðð€(see€no.€12)€but€in€a€more€mature€hand€than€that€earlier€group.ÏRuskin€copied€his€books€1€and€2€of€ð ðThe€Monasteryðð€until€he€ran€out€of€room€atÏthe€end€of€the€book,€and€then€continued€with€books€3€and€4€on€some€availableÏblank€leaves€òòbeforeóó€the€ð ðpoetry€descriptiveðð€but€immediately€òòfollowingóó€a€groupÐ € Ð  Ðof€poems€dated€March€9,€1829€(see€no.€47).€Thus,€ð ðThe€Monasteryðð„„or,€at€theÏvery€least,€its€second€and€third€books„„was€finished€at€about€the€same€time€asÏthe€March€9€group€(so€far,€that€is,€as€ð ðThe€Monasteryðð€ever€did€reachÏcompletion).Ìà  àMS€IA€includes€a€one„sheet,€ink,€longhand€set€of€lines€that€forms€partÏof€the€MS€III€poemððs€ð ðbook€third,ðð€as€well€as€a€one„sheet€pencil€version€ofÏpart€of€the€MS€III€poemððs€ð ðbook€secondðð€(see€part€2,€MS€IA,€ð ðContent,ðð€òòaóó).€ItÐ øH  Ðis€possible€that€the€MS€IA€pencil€version€of€part€of€ð ðbook€secondðð€is€earlierÏthan€1829,€since€the€fair€copy€of€ð ðbook€thirdðð€is€the€portion€positionedÏfollowing€the€March€9€group€in€the€MS€III,€while€ð ðbook€secondðð€runsÏcontinuously€to€the€end€of€MS€III.€Even€the€MS€IA€ink€version€of€part€of€ð ðbookÏthird,ðð€conceivably,€could€significantly€predate€its€March€1829€fair„copying.ÏMoreover,€Ruskinððs€March€10€letter€implies€that€his€father€was€alreadyÏfamiliar€with€some€portion€of€the€project.€The€MS€IA€copies,€then,€do€holdÏopen€the€possibility€of€a€starting€date€perhaps€up€to€a€year€prior€to€theÏprojectððs€termination€in€1829.€Moreover,€given€Ruskinððs€hectic€pace€of€writingÏand€fair„copying€for€New€Yearððs€1828€and€for€his€fatherððs€1829€birthday€(seeÏnos.€32„33,€57),€it€seems€barely€credible€that€even€Ruskin€could€have€producedÏòòallóó€of€his€ð ðnovelðð€during€the€same€period.€If€these€indications€are€sound,€IÐ X¨ Ðbelieve€the€onset€of€composition€is€unlikely€to€have€been€much€earlier€thanÏthe€middle€of€1828,€however,€since€the€handwriting€and€punctuation€in€theÏfirst€two€books€is€reminiscent€of€ð ðEudosiaðð€(no.€27).Ìà  àEarlier€editorsðð€assignment€of€ð ðThe€Monasteryðð€to€1827€or€1828€seemsÏbased€on€merely€impressionistic€and€circumstantial€evidence.€Viljoen€viewedÏthe€hand€in€IA€as€extremely€childish,€but€it€in€fact€resembles€other€instancesÏof€Ruskinððs€cursive€rough„draft€hand€in€1829.€No€firmer€evidence€is€offeredÏeither€by€Cook€and€Wedderburn€or€by€Collingwood€for€their€respective€dates€ofÏ1827€and€1828„„the€editors€apparently€guessing€on€the€basis€of€remarks€inÏòòPraeteritaóó,€the€appearance€of€the€handwriting€in€the€manuscripts,€andÐ (#x' Ðconnections€between€the€setting€of€the€poem€and€Ruskinððs€travels€to€ScotlandÏ(see€òòWorksóó,€2:260€n.€1,€and€òòPJRóó,€263,€273;€see€also,€however,€part€1,€MS€IA,Ð ¸$ ) Ðð ðContent,ðð€òòaóó,€for€the€caveat€that€the€early€editors€may€have€had€access€toÐ €%Ð * Ðmanuscript€of€the€poem€that€is€now€lost).Ìà  àSince€the€extant€manuscript€evidence€places€books€3„4€of€the€poem€(or,Ïat€least,€their€fair„copying)€squarely€in€1829,€while€only€permitting€anÏearlier€date€for€books€1„2,€the€case€for€assigning€an€earlier€date€to€someÏportion€of€the€poem€must€depend€on€internal€evidence„„the€events€captured€fromÏScottððs€novel,€and€the€order€in€which€Ruskin€set€them€to€verse.€The€versifiedÏselections€are€as€follows:€Ruskinððs€book€1€begins€with€the€latter€half€ofÏScottððs€chap.€5,€the€Sacristanððs€failure€to€gain€passage€over€the€drawbridgeÏand,€in€fording€the€Tweed€on€horseback,€his€encounter€with€the€White€Lady;€andÏbook€1€ends€by€briefly€summarizing€portions€of€Scottððs€chap.€7,€the€Abbot€andÏFather€Eustaceððs€resolve€on€hearing€the€Sacristanððs€adventure.€Ruskinððs€book€2Ð .h)5 Ðbegins€with€the€opening€of€Scottððs€chap.€3,€the€widowing€of€the€Lady€of€AvenelÏand€her€removal€with€her€daughter€to€the€shepherdððs€cottage€of€Martin€and€TibbÏTacket;€and€book€2€then€moves€to€Scottððs€chap.€2,€the€confrontation€betweenÏCaptain€Stawarth€Bolton€and€Dame€Glendinning€and€her€two€sons€of€Glendearg.ÏRuskinððs€book€3€versifies€the€remainder€of€Scottððs€chap.€3„„Martin,€Tibb,ÏMary,€and€the€Lady€of€Avenelððs€journey€to€Dame€Glendinningððs€residence€inÏGlendearg€(which€Ruskin€calls€ð ðGlenfargðð€and€ð ðGlendargðð€[see€òòWorksóó,€35:16]),Ð ` ° Ðand€their€attempted€passage€across€a€bog,€when€Mary€and€the€pony€Shagram€seeÏthe€White€Lady€signaling€them€to€safety.€Ruskinððs€book€4€is€from€Scottððs€chap.Ï4,€the€apparition€of€her€dead€father€to€Mary€Avenel€on€Halloween€night.Ìà  àSince€book€1€lifts€events€out€of€their€order€in€Scott,€the€poem€couldÏrepresent€an€earlier,€isolated€versification,€which€Ruskin€only€later€in€1829Ïdecided€to€develop„„ð ðcommenc[ing]€writing€a€novel,ðð€as€his€mother€said.€TheÏfascinations€of€Scottððs€fifth€chapter€are€deeply€entrenched€in€RuskinððsÏchildhood.€Bridges€had€interested€him€since€1823,€when€his€aunt€presented€himÏwith€the€cherished€model€of€Waterloo€Bridge€(òòRFLóó,€127).€The€White€Lady€mayÐ h¸  Ðhave€been€associated€in€Ruskinððs€mind€with€Byronððs€ð ðwitch€of€the€waters€at€theÏAlpsðð€in€no.€3€(1826„27),€who€occurs€to€Harry€when€he€ð ðobserved€a€rainbow€andÏa€rising€mist€under€it€which€his€fancy€soon€transformed€into€a€female€formððÏ(in€book€3€of€ð ðThe€Monastery,ðð€the€White€Lady€is€a€ð ðform€appearing€like€aÏfogðð).€Of€course,€these€associations€could€just€as€likely€have€traveled€theÏother€way,€with€witches€and€bridges€leading€to€his€later€fascination€with€theÏperils€of€the€White€Lady€in€ð ðThe€Monastery.ððÌà  àIf€book€1€probes€images€that€were€profoundly€arresting€for€RuskinÏthroughout€his€earlier€years,€books€2„4€are€enriched€by€a€possible€connectionÏwith€the€death€of€Ruskinððs€Aunt€Jessie€of€Perth€and€the€Ruskinsðð€subsequentÏadoption€of€her€daughter€Mary€(see€nos.€25„26).€Cousin€Mary€came€to€Herne€HillÏin€July€1828€(òòTLCóó€7),€an€event€that€might€well€have€put€Ruskin€in€mind€of€theÐ È Ðtwo€families€joining€in€òòThe€Monasteryóó„„the€widowed€Lady€Avenel€and€herÐ à Ðdaughter€Mary€with€the€widowed€Dame€Glendinning€and€her€two€sons.€In€thisÏlight,€the€end€of€Ruskinððs€poem€is€moving,€breaking€off€abruptly€with€theÏchildrenððs€sighting€of€the€ð ðman€in€the€spence,ðð€the€ghost€of€Maryððs€father,Ïand€the€youngest€boyððs€tears„„events€that€Ruskin€slightly,€and€perhapsÏsignificantly€alters€from€the€novel.Ìà  àOne€other€association€may€be€noted,€which€returns€the€dating€to€earlyÏ1829,€when€Ruskin€certainly€fair„copied€books€3„4,€and€probably€composed€atÏleast€some€portion€of€them.€It€is€striking€that€Margaret€expressed€admirationÏof€her€son€equally€for€writing€a€ð ðnovelðð€and€for€making€sermon€notes€(òòRFLóóÐ ˜!è% Ð185).€Margaret€did€not€necessarily€consider€these€incompatible€pursuits,€asÏdid€some€evangelicals,€but€she€might€have€encouraged€Ruskinððs€reading€of€òòTheÐ (#x' ÐMonasteryóó,€owing€to€her€opposition€to€Cathotic€Emancipation,€being€debated€atÐ ð#@( Ðthe€time€(see€òòRFLóó,€177).€Scottððs€novel€makes€heroes€of€the€Reformers€andÐ ¸$ ) Ðsatirizes€monastic€failings,€although€Ruskinððs€poem€largely€neglects€theseÏthemes.Ìà  àThe€copytext€is€taken€from€MS€III.€One€peculiarity€of€punctuation,Ïespecially€in€the€first€two€books,€is€the€frequent€use€of€a€colon,€which€seemsÏto€indicate€a€pause,€as€does€the€two„point€ellipsis€in€ð ðEudosiaðð€(no.€27).€(InÏfact,€that€strange€mark€in€ð ðEudosiaðð€may€be€a€colon€turned€on€its€side.)ÏPerpetually€inventive,€in€ð ðThe€Monastery,ðð€Ruskin€has€come€up€with€yet€anotherÏmark€of€his€own,€the€upside„down€semicolon,€or€comma€above€a€period.€I€cannotÏdistinguish€a€consistent€function€for€this€mark€much€different€from€that€ofÏRuskinððs€colon,€so,€where€it€appears,€I€have€put€a€colon€in€square€brackets.ÏWith€book€3,€the€punctuation€becomes€less€idiosyncratic.€The€MS€IA€draft€isÏentirely€unpunctuated.Ð .h)5 Їà@bb$ìàTHE€MONASTERYˆÌà@\\%ìàòòBOOK€FIRSTóóˆÐ xÈ ÐWHITE€lady€white€lady€sing€on€in€the€glen,Ìof€glendarg€but€do€not€do€ill€to€men,Ìmany€a€haunt€and€many€a€nook,Ìmany€a€thought€and€many€a€look,Ìhas€been€reported€of€that€place,Ìof€the€people€of€thy€race.Ìthere€was€a€river€called€the€tweed,Ìwhere€the€sheep€and€cattle€fed:Ìthere€was€a€drawbridge€over€the€stream,Ìto€let€over€travelling€men,Ìthat€came€down€the€narrow€glen.Ìat€the€bridge€there€was€a€warder.Ìhe€lived€in€a€lon{e}ly€tower,Ìto€let€down€the€drawbridge€when:Ìthere€came€over€travelling€men[:]Ìbut€from€them€he€exacted€pay,Ìbefore€he€let€them€on€their€way.Ìone€day€a€monk€was€going€by,Ìto€go€home€to€his€monastery:Ìthe€monk€was€forced€to€go€to€a€ford,Ìhe€was€not€quite€so€rich€as€a€lord,Ìhe€would€not€give€the€warder€pay,Ìthe€warder€told€him€to€go€that€way.Ìwhen€he€came€to€the€side€of€the€stream,Ìwhere€his€mule€was€to€go€in,Ìhe€saw€a€figure€in€great€grief:Ìthe€monk€resolved€to€give€her€relief,Ìshe€seemed€as€if€to€pass€the€water,Ìwas€her€wish€the€cruel€warder[:]Ìperhaps€deprived€her€of€her€way,Ìbut€what€it€was€she€did€not€say.Ìshe€jumped€upon€his€mule€behind,Ìswifter€even€than€the€wind:Ìthe€mule€did€kick€and€plunge€and€leaped,Ìthe€monk€did€sit€upon€the€beast€and€whipped:Ìat€length€she€plunged€into€the€river,Ìleaping€oer€a€bunch€of€heather[:]Ìthe€ford€was€deep€the€current€bore,Ìthe€mule€along€the€winding€shore.Ìthe€maiden€then€began€to€chaunt,Ìthe€stories€of€her€avenel€haunt:Ìwhich€frightened€still€the€monk€much€more,Ìas€they€swam€along€the€winding€shore.Ìthey€came€at€length€to€a€water€fall€deep,Ìdeeper€een€than€a€salmons€leap,Ìthe€mule€attempted€on€to€go,Ìthe€abbot€now€was€in€great€woe,Ìupon€a€black€volume€his€hand€he€laid[:]Ìbecause€he€was€much€much€afraid:Ìthe€maiden€pitched€him€from€the€saddle,Ìout€as€well€as€he€could€to€waddle:Ìand€when€he€set€his€foot€on€land,Ð Þ-.)5 Ðhe€sunk€upon€the€yellow€sand.Ìwhen€the€abbot€did€arise,Ìto€behold€the€earth€and€skies,Ìhome€wards€he€did€bend€his€way[:]Ìon€a€bed€his€head€to€lay.Ìbut€the€monks€around€him€crowd,Ìto€hear€his€story€told€aloud,Ìand€the€first€words€he€uttered€then[:]Ìwere€the€maidens€song€when€in€the€glen.Ìthe€abbot€did€start€when€he€heard€the€song,Ìand€he€said€to€his€brother€how€long€how€long,Ìwilt€thou€keep€up€that€spirits€songÌat€length€the€monk€did€go€his€way,Ìto€bed€and€glad€he€was€to€lay,Ìhis€head€upon€his€pillow€then,Ìwe€must€return€to€the€haunted€glen.Ìthe€abbot€when€he€first€aroseÌwhich€was€when€first€the€good€cock€crows,Ìhe€called€good€father€eustace€to:Ìhis€chamber€and€thus€spoke€to€him€lo.Ìour€brother€is€no€less€than€haunted,Ìwith€a€spirit€which€to€him€chaunted:Ìsome€words€which€now€we€must€not€name,Ìlest€open€wide€mouthed€tattling€fame:Ìshould€spread€these€curious€news€abroad,Ìand€for€the€people€pave€the€road,Ìto€superstitions€house€to€go:Ìand€plunge€them€in€a€sea€of€woe.Ìnow€brother€eustace€go€to€the€glen,Ìoer€river€bog€or€ford€or€fen,Ìand€if€a€spirit€shall€arise[:]Ìand€stand€before€your€wondering€eyes:Ìbring€home€the€curious€tale€to€me,Ìand€iððll€believe€what€you€do€see.Ìthe€monk€obeyed€and€off€he€rode,Ìbefore€again€the€good€cock€crowed,Ìand€rode€on€speedily€through€the€glen,Ìoer€river€bog€or€ford€or€fen.Ìà@¨¨$ìàBOOK€SECONDòò2óóˆÐ `"°& ÐUP€the€glen€a€little€way,Ìwhere€a€pretty€meadow€lay,Ìthere€was€a€tower€upon€the€hill:Ìclose€beside€the€pretty€rill.Ìat€the€battle€of€pinkie€where,Ìthe€scotch€fled€like€the€frig{h}tened€hare:Ìthe€owner€of€this€tower€expired,Ìrushed€on€his€fate€by€anger€fired:Ìthe€grey€goose€shaft€did€pierce€him€through,Ìto€the€rejoicing€of€the€foe.Ìfar€from€this€towððr€there€was€a€barons€seat,Ìand€woods€and€landscapes€at€its€feet:Ìand€the€name€of€this€baron€was€great€avenel,Ìfor€the€good€of€his€country€in€battle€he€fell:Ìand€his€widow€was€left€to€provide€for€her€child,Ð .h)5 Ðand€beautiful€was€she€and€still€more€mild.Ìand€farther€on€there€was€some€land,Ìalotted€to€a€farmers€hand:Ìand€the€farmers€name€that€did€live€there,Ìwas€martin€and€though€they€had€but€poor€fare:Ìthey€were€happy€and€good€tibb€tacket€his€consort,Ìwould€do€every€thing€for€her€husbands€comfort.Ìand€the€widow€of€avenel€the€baron€did€go,Ìaway€to€this€farmers€for€fear€of€the€foe.Ìbut€shortly€she€staid€there€for€soon€came€a€band,Ìof€english€barbarians€that€plunder€the€land:Ìand€they€robbed€the€poor€farmer€of€cow€and€of€sheep,Ìand€hardly€would€leave€him€poor€shagram€to€keep.Ìnow€must€we€leave€poor€martin€there,Ìwhile€we€relate€the€towers€fare.Ìa€band€of€english€soldiers€marched,Ìclose€by€the€tower€and€as€they€passed[:]Ìgood€dame€glendinning€her€sons€led,Ìout€from€the€gate€and€thus€she€said.Ìno€means€of€fighting€have€I€on€this€land,Ìand€I€am€at€the€mercy€of€your€hand.Ìthe€serjeant€of€the€troop€replied,Ìthough€I€have€means€of€fighting€on€my€side:ÌI€scorn€with€women€now€to€strive,Ìgo€to€your€tower€again€and€live.Ìyet€dame€I€own€I€envy€you,Ìthat€little€rogue€with€eyes€so€blue.Ìand€will€you€come€with€me€my€lad,Ìthe€serjeant€of€the€troop€he€said.Ìno€said€the€blue€eyed€edward€no,Ìbecause€you€are€to€us€a€foe:Ìnot€only€that€but€then€you€are,Ìa€heretic€and€fond€of€war.Ìwhy€god€a€mercy€old€stawarth€did€say,ÌI€see€that€alone€I€must€go€my€way.Ìbut€stay€thou€black€eyed€come€with€me,Ìand€many€a€fine€sight€thou€shalt€see.Ìno€cried€the€furious€halbert€no,Ìbecause€thou€art€to€us€a€foe:Ìand€when€Im€older€thou€shalt€see,Ìthe€effects€of€my€fathers€sword€on€thee.Ìwhy€again€god€a€mercy€old€stawarth€did€say,ÌI€see€that€alone€I€must€go€my€way:Ìbut€stay€heres€a€token€that€if€some€men,Ìcome€riding€down€this€narrow€glen:Ìthey€may€know€that€you€are€under€my,Ìprotection€then€I€say€goodbye.Ìso€saying€from€his€bonnet€he,Ìtook€a€red€cross€and€said€dost€see[:]Ìthis€token,€here€thou€blackeyed€boy,Ìtake€it€and€may€it€give€thee€joy:Ìgive€me€thy€bonnet€off€thy€head,Ìthe€commander€of€the€troop€he€said.Ìhalbert€was€silent€and€would€not€stir,Ð .h)5 Ðmore€than€the€lofty€towering€fir:Ìcommand€it€to€stir€from€the€place€where€it€stands,Ìand€it€will€not€without€the€help€of€hands:Ìbut€yet€its€green€branches€do€wave€in€the€wind,Ìand€even€so€was€proud€halberts€mind:Ìbut€from€his€head€the€mother€snatched,Ìhis€cap€at€which€young€halbert€catched:Ìbut€missed€his€aim€the€mother€then,Ìgave€it€to€the€serjeant€when:Ìhe€stuck€the€cross€into€the€bandÌand€put€it€in€young€halberts€handÌno€sooner€had€he€done€so€butÌyoung€halbert€with€a€furious€lookÌtook€the€cross€and€threw€it€inÌthe€very€pretty€murmuring€streamÌyoung€edward€was€instantly€in€the€waterÌand€brought€it€out€safe€to€its€rightful€ownerÌwhy€how€now€said€the€serjeant€with€some€surpriseÌwhats€the€reason€of€this€my€good€blue€eyesÌthat€young€rogue€there€throws€it€into€the€streamÌand€when€heððs€done€so€you€leap€inÌand€fetch€it€out€and€I€demandÌwhy€you€did€throw€it€off€the€landÌst€georges€cross€and€why€did€youÌst€Georges€cross€so€soon€pursueÌbecause€st€george€said€halbert€isÌa€southern€saint,€and€the€cross€thats€hisÌI€will€not€wear€in€my€bonnet€or€hatÌwhy€now€said€old€stawarth€I€think€that€thatÌis€a€very€good€reason€and€why€did€youÌst€Georges€cross€so€soon€pursueÌbecause€the€cross€is€the€sign€of€our€lordÌand€not€only€that€but€his€blessed€wordÌwell€good€bye€said€old€stawarth€but€theres€the€crossÌif€you€lose€it€twill€be€a€very€great€lossÌso€saying€he€rode€down€the€glenÌoer€river€bog€or€ford€or€fenòò1óóÐ Ð $ Ðà@hh!ìàEND€OF€BOOK€SECONDˆÌà@„„&ìàòòHERN€HILLˆÐ `"°& Ðà@ÔÔ'ìàDULWICHóóˆÐ î">' ÐÌà@øø%ìàBOOK€THIRDˆÌI€òòMUSTóó€return€to€martin€nowÐ  %\ * Ðwhom€I€left€standing€in€the€bowÌwindow€of€his€cottage€sweetÌwell€to€this€tower€they€sped€their€feetÌand€martin€and€tibb€tack€did€goÌaway€to€this€tower€for€fear€of€the€foeÌand€the€widow€of€avenel€with€them€did€goÌbut€between€the€tower€and€themÌon€the€way€to€glendarg€glenÌthere€was€a€bog€and€oer€this€partÌwhere€even€the€lightfooted€hartÌgo€could€not€for€his€feet€in€clayÐ ¤-ô(5 Ðsunk€as€he€sped€him€on€his€wayÌnot€only€martin€had€to€passÌbut€een€good€shagram€with€the€lassÌnamed€mary€avenel€and€whenÌthey€had€come€nearer€to€the€glenÌit€was€so€bad€that€there€they€stuckòò3óóÐ ˜è Ðfor€stir€they€could€not€een€a€footÌso€martin€took€his€task€as€guideÌand€all€the€women€did€in€him€confideÌmartin€then€did€look€aboutÌto€see€where€he€could€spy€an€outÌlet.€then€selecting€the€safest€wayÌhe€to€shagram€began€to€sayÌcome€on€good€horse€and€let€us€seeÌwhether€thou€wilt€obey€thy€master€meÌcome€on€but€shagram€would€not€goÌthough€mute€he€very€well€said€noÌfor€shagram€snorted€laid€his€pawsòò4óóÐ øH  ÐAs€if€he€encountered€a€great€bears€jawsÌAnd€would€not€go,€Een€tak€your€ainÌWay€said€the€shepherd€I€would€fainÌGet€oððer€to€tððother€side€and€beÌSafe€on€our€way€so€let€us€seeÌWhat€you€can€do€for€us€and€whenÌWe€are€safe€at€glendarg€glenÌSafe€in€stable€you€shall€standÌWith€plenty€hay€and€fodder€at€your€handÌJust€at€this€moment€mary€sawÌJust€as€good€shagram€raised€his€pawÌA€beauteous€lady€far€awayÌAnd€seeing€her€she€thus€did€sayÌI€see€a€lady€just€up€thereÌAnd€I€must€say€exceeding€fairÌWhere€where€cried€the€whole€of€the€family€thenÌWhy€very€near€to€glendarg€glenÌShe€signs€to€us€to€come€yon€gateÌBut€it€was€great€avenels€fateÌTo€have€a€spirit€in€their€lineÌAnd€so€it€was€in€this€odd€timeÌThis€tibb€tacket€thought€it€thenÌFor€twas€near€to€glendarg€glenÌAnd€her€haunt€was€near€this€partÌWhere€oft€the€very€slender€hartÌHad€drank€at€this€place€but€was€neeròò5óóÐ H&˜!+ ÐFrightened€by€her€very€fairÌForm€appearing€like€a€fogÌAnd€this€I€suspect€was€that€seen€in€the€bog.ÌShagram€at€his€own€free€willÌDid€no€longer€stand€stock€stillÌBut€set€off€at€[a€òòoróó€so]òò6óó€good€rateÐ ø*H&1 ÐAnd€then€it€was€good€shagrams€fateÌTo€take€them€safely€through€the€bogÌIndeed€he€did€so€though€a€fogÌOerspread€the€land.€But€worthy€tisÐ .h)5 ÐOf€remark€that€the€little€missÌOft€mentioned€to€the€servants€roundÌWhile€they€were€still€on€boggy€groundÌThe€lady€and€her€signals€andÌWhen€they€were€off€the€boggy€landÌThe€servants€changed€expressive€looksÌWith€each€other,€for€the€nooksÌOf€fairies€were€supposed€to€beÌJust€in€the€glen€and€they€thought€theyððd€seeÌA€fairy€peeping€out€from€mossÌOr€perhaps€it€might€peep€from€a€great€morassÌAll€halloween€said€tibby€toÌMartin.€Woman€you€are€tooÌSaid€martin€or€you€would€not€dareÌTo€speak€of€fairies€ony€mair.ÌWhen€once€more€on€firm€ground€they€wereÌAnd€had€rid€themselves€of€fearÌMartin€saw€some€landmarks€highÌUpon€a€hill€against€the€skyÌAnd€taking€them€for€his€good€guideÌAnd€ever€keeping€by€their€sideÌVery€soon€at€the€tower€of€glendarg€they€arrivedÌà@ÀÀ'ìàBOOK€4ˆÌOòòNEóó€night€when€all€the€winds€combinedÐ ¨ø ÐTo€frighten€een€the€strongest€mindÌAnd€halloween€it€was€and€allÌThe€fairies€seemed€and€elves€to€callÌIn€the€loud€wind€that€roared€roundÌThe€tower€with€its€awful€soundÌAnd€when€in€gambols€mongst€the€treesÌThe€brownies€used€themselves€to€pleaseÌAnd€when€the€kelpies€liked€to€takeÌThe€careless€traveller€to€the€lakeÌAnd€plunge€him€in€and€hear€his€cryÌAscending€to€the€stormy€skyÌWell€on€this€night€of€spirits€powerÌThats€greatest€at€the€midnight€hourÌTibb€and€the€rest€sat€round€the€fireÌUnmindful€of€the€tempest€direÌWhile€from€the€bible€alice€readÌStories€of€saints€that€long€were€deadÌMartin€hammered€bored€or€sawedÌThe€substance€of€the€hardy€boardÌTibb€watched€the€process€of€scalding€the€wheyÌWhile€martin€sawed€or€bored€awayÌDame€elspeth€pulling€the€thread€sateÌFrom€her€distaff€near€her€mateÌMary€of€avenel€halbert€and€allÌWere€allowed€to€run€up€and€down€the€hallÌThere€were€some€rooms€adjacent€toÌThe€hall€where€sometimes€they€would€goÌI€mean€the€children€and€at€lengthÌInto€these€rooms€they€all€were€sentÌBut€from€them€openmouthed€there€cameÐ .h)5 ÐTo€spread€abroad€the€ghost€like€fameÌThe€boys€and€they€indeed€did€tellÌThat€a€man€like€he€of€the€clinthillÌWas€in€the€spence.€then€Alice€saidÌWhere€is€my€child€and€so€she€ledÌHalbert€glendinning€first€to€armÌWith€an€old€sword€his€open€palmÌAnd€Edward€seized€the€ladys€bookÌAnd€the€ladys€fear€they€all€then€tookÌAnd€then€unto€the€spence€they€wentÌWhen€their€alarm€soon€from€them€wentÌFor€no€man€armed€there€appearedÌAnd€what€made€you€ye€false€misleardÌSaid€good€dame€elspeth€to€her€bairnsÌAnd€what€made€you€ye€misleard€loonsÌCome€there€yon€gate€into€the€hallÌRoaring€I€am€sure€like€a€bullÌAnd€could€ye€find€nae€night€for€daffingÌSave€halloween€when€the€leddy€was€readingÌThe€elder€boy€bent€eyes€on€groundÌWith€the€youngest€tears€their€access€found.òò7óóÐ P  ÐÌà  àòò1óóAfter€this€line,€the€text€has€the€direction€to€ð ðgo€back€to€page€52,ððÐ à0 Ðearlier€in€the€notebook;€see€headnote€for€arrangement€of€the€poem€in€MS€III.Ìà  àòò2óóAbove€this€heading,€Ruskin€drew€a€horizontally€elongated€diamond„shapedÐ pÀ Ðornament€(much€like€that€used€on€the€title€page€to€MS€I,€but€much€moreÏcontrolled€[see€part€2,€MS€I,€ð ðDescriptionðð]),€and€a€horizontal€bar.Ìà  àòò3óóSee€textual€note:€I€have€adopted€the€MS€IA€reading€here,€as€the€fairÐ È Ðcopy€is€clearly€in€errorÌà  àòò4óóA€more€compact€printing€style€begins€with€this€line,€and€hereafterÐ X¨ ÐRuskin€begins€capitalizing€initial€letters€of€lines.Ìà  àòò5óóð ðNeerðð€is€the€MS€IA€reading.€The€word€in€MS€III€is€nearly€illegible,Ð è8 Ðand€may€be€ð ðneerðð€or€ð ðnear.ððÌà  àòò6óóAppears€ð ðaoðð€in€fair€copy.Ð xÈ! Ðà  àòò7óóThis€is€Ruskinððs€line€52,€but€he€had€numbered€until€55€at€the€bottom€ofÐ @" Ðthe€page.€In€addition,€three€blank€pages€follow,€which€could€have€offeredÏspace€for€continuation€of€the€poem.ÌÌà  àòòBk.€2,€line€50,€MS€IIIóó€see€that€alone]€see€alone€òòMS€IAóóÐ `"°& Ðà  àòòBk.€3,€line€18,€MS€IIIóó€their€the€stuck]€there€they€stuck€òòMS€IAóóÐ (#x' Ðà  àòòBk.€3,€lines€20„21,€MS€III,€appear€to€have€been€composed€separately€andÐ ð#@( Ðout€of€order€from€the€surrounding€text€in€MS€IA.óóÐ ¸$ ) Ðà  àòòBk.€3,€line€35,€MS€IIIóó€Safe€on]€upon€òòMS€IAóóÐ €%Ð * Ðà  àòòBk.€3,€lines€49„52€heavily€revised€in€MS€IAóó€but€it€was€<[(?)]>€greatÐ H&˜!+ Ðavenels€fate*€/€€/€so€it€was€in€this€odd€time€/€Ï/€this€tibb€tackett€thought€it€<[(?)]>€then€òòand€near€the€bottom€of€the€leaf,Ð  (ð#. ÐRuskin€keyed€to€the€asterisk€the€line€that€did€eventually€follow€line€49,€inÏMS€IIIóó€to€have€a€spirit€in€their€lineÐ 0*€%0 ÐÌà  à47.€ð ðOf€rocks€first€and€of€caverns€now€I€sing,ðð€about€March€9€(or€summerÏ1830?),€MS€III.€Unpublished.Ìà  àMisdated€1828€(and€first€line€misquoted)€in€òòWorksóó,€2:536.€In€a€letter€ofÐ P- (4 ÐMarch€10,€1829,€Ruskin€refers€to€completing€a€red€book,€MS€III,€by€gatheringÐ .h)5 Ðtogether€several€poems:€ð ðI€am€putting€in€the€shipwreck€altogether€and€theÏadventures€of€an€ant€&cðð€(òòRFLóó,€192;€see€nos.€38€and€49,€and€see€note€to€no.Ð xÈ Ð46).€In€MS€III,€several€poems,€including€these€lines,€are€dated€9€March€1829,Ïthe€day€before€Ruskinððs€promise€to€John€James.€The€poems,€in€the€sequentialÏorder€they€appear€in€MS€III€(not€necessarily€reflecting€order€of€composition),Ïare€nos.€47,€28,€48„51,€38,€52„55,€39.€Throughout€the€group,€RuskinÏdistributed€ð ðMarch€9òòthóó€1829,ðð€ð ðMarch€1829,ðð€or€just€ð ð9òòthóó€1829.ððÐ ` ° Ðà  àThis€flurry€of€fair„copying€must€have€been€instigated€by€MargaretððsÏcomplaint€to€John€James€on€March€4:€ð ðIf€you€think€of€writing€John€would€youÏimpress€on€him€the€propriety€of€not€beginning€too€eagerly€and€becomingÏcareless€towards€the€end€of€his€works€as€he€calls€them€€I€think€in€a€letterÏfrom€you€it€would€have€great€weight.ðð€On€March€10,€John€James€complied€withÏthe€remark€to€John,€ð ðYou€have€been€at€your€Works€with€great€Spirit€&€theyÏcommence€so€well€that€the€end€rather€disappoints€that€is€if€they€get€to€anÏendðð€(òòRFLóó,€187,€192).€Ruskin€appears€to€have€outmaneuvered€his€mother€andÐ  ð  Ðforestalled€criticism,€however,€by€already€completing€MS€III€on€March€9;€or,Ïat€least,€he€created€the€fiction€of€having€done€so,€by€gathering€togetherÏpoems€written€at€widely€different€times,€composing€some€new€ones,€andÏpeppering€the€little€anthology€with€the€March€9€date.€He€then€tried€to€turnÏthe€issue€into€a€joke€in€a€letter€of€March€10:€ð ðI€believe€my€discourse€has€aÏconclusion,€and€a€beginning€too,ðð€though€his€manner€may€not€be€analyzable€inÏð ðthe€learned€terms€of€Rhetoricðð€(òòRFLóó,€193).Ð h Ðà  àThe€copying€date€of€March€9€is€to€some€extent€a€fiction€designed€toÏforestall,€on€paper€if€not€in€actuality,€his€fatherððs€censure€of€March€10.€TheÏlater€poems€in€this€group,€at€least,€could€have€been€composed€and€copied€noÏearlier€than€March€13€(see€no.€53).€Still,€Ruskin€was€able€to€compose€and€copyÏvery€rapidly.€As€he€remarks€in€his€fatherððs€1829€birthday€letter,€ð ðthe€lastÏyear€of€my€life€was€the€happiest€.€.€.€because€I€have€had€more€to€do€than€IÏcould€do€without€all€possible€cramming€and€ramming€and€wishing€days€wereÏlonger€and€sheets€of€paper€broaderðð€(òòRFLóó,€200).€Archly,€he€rounded€out€theÐ X¨ Ðsection€with€a€series€of€ð ðfragments,ðð€nos.€51„55,€some€new€and€some€abstractedÏfrom€older€poems.€When€the€March€9€group€of€smaller€poems€were€entered,€RuskinÏfollowed€with€the€resumption€of€ð ðThe€Monasteryðð€(see€no.€46).Ìà  àFor€some€of€these€poems,€earlier€composition€dates€can€be€established.ÏThe€remainder€are€arranged€here,€under€9€March€1829,€for€want€of€a€betterÏevidence.€No.€47,€the€first€in€the€group,€presents€a€special€problem.€ItsÏsubject€is€ð ðMatlockððs€rocks€.€.€.€white€as€snow,ðð€butòòóó€Ruskinððs€opportunity€toÐ Ð $ Ðexplore€the€mines€and€caverns€around€Matlock€appears€not€to€have€come€untilÏsummer€1830€(òòTLCóó,€32„33,€51„56).€If€he€did€visit€Derbyshire€before€the€1830Ð `"°& Ðtour,€this€poem€is€the€sole€manuscript€evidence.€In€òòPraeteritaóó,€RuskinÐ (#x' Ðassociates€Matlock€with€1829;€but€the€autobiographyððs€dates€are€not€reliableÏ(see€òòTLCóó,€67€n.€33),€and€Ruskin€might€well€have€derived€that€date€from€no.€47.Ð ¸$ ) Ðà  àMore€likely,€no.€47€reflects€Ruskinððs€preparation€for€his€1830Ïgeological€pursuits€with€research€in€some€guidebook,€illustration,€orÏdescription.€As€Michael€Brooks€mentions,€although€not€in€connection€with€no.Ï47,€Maria€Edgeworthððs€Harry€and€Lucy€pay€a€geological€visit€to€Matlock,€whichÏmight€have€absorbed€Ruskin€(ð ðLove€and€Possession€in€a€Victorian€Household:€TheÏExample€of€the€Ruskins,ðð€in€òòThe€Victorian€Family:€Structure€and€Stressóó,€ed.Ð h)¸$/ ÐAnthony€S.€Wohl€[New€York:€St.€Martinððs,€1978],€pp.€91„92).€Likewise,€in€no.Ï56€Ruskin€drew€on€a€literary€source€for€geology,€and€possibly€at€about€theÏsame€time€he€composed€no.€47€(no.€56€unfortunately€presents€dating€enigmas€ofÏits€own).Ìà  àThe€alternative€is€to€date€no.€47€as€summer€1830€or€after,€when€RuskinÏis€known€to€have€visited€Matlock.€Physical€evidence€shows€this€to€be€possible,Ð .h)5 Ðsince€the€lines€are€positioned€at€the€beginning€of€the€9€March€1829€group,Ïfollowing€a€blank€page,€and€therefore€could€have€been€inserted€later.€(TheÏlines€also€wrap€around€a€drawing€of€a€mountain€landscape€and€castle,€but€thatÏonly€tells€us€that€the€drawing€probably€predates€the€poem.)€Still,€theÏnotation€ð ð9òòthóó€1829ðð€is€clearly€applied€to€no.€47,€and€by€1830€Ruskin€would€noÐ Ð  Ðlonger€have€any€reason€to€falsify€the€date€his€little€anthology.ÌÌà  à48.€ð ðSonnet€to€the€Sun,ðð€March€9„13,€MS€III.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€47.€Not€in€fact€a€sonnet,€the€poem€is€ten€lines€of€rhymedÏcouplets.ÌÌà  à49.€ð ðThe€Adventures€of€an€Ant:€A€Taleðð€(prose),€March€9„13,€MS€III.ÏUnpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€47.€Brief€and€fragmentary,€a€story€about€an€ant€that€sets€outÏfrom€its€home€ð ðsettlementðð€and€discovers€ð ðsome€monstrous€poles€which€I€couldÏnot€see€to€the€top€of.ððÌÌà  à50.€ð ðOn€the€Appearance€of€a€Sudden€Cloud€of€Yellow€Fog€CoveringÏEverything€with€Darkness,ðð€March€9„13,€MS€III.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:23„24;€òòWorksóó,Ð À Ð2:272.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðON€THE€APPEARANCE€OF€A€SUDDEN€CLOUD€OF€/€YELLOW€FOGÏCOVERING€EVERY€THING€WITH€DARKNESS.ðð€See€no.€47:€nothing€either€prevents€orÏsupports€Collingwoodððs€supposition€that,€originally,€ð ðthis€may€have€beenÏwritten€at€any€time€during€the€winter€of€1828„29ðð€(òòPJRóó,€1:272).Ð ¨ø ÐÌà@€ € ìàON€THE€APPEARANCE€OF€A€SUDDEN€CLOUD€OFˆÌà@" " ìàYELLOW€FOG€COVERING€EVERY€THING€WITH€DARKNESSˆÌIt€lowred€upon€the€earth€It€layÌA€champion€in€the€face€of€day.ÌIt€darkened€all€the€air€aroundÌIt€let€not€free€a€single€soundÌA€leaf€stirred€not,€the€trees€stood€stillÌThe€wind€obeyed€the€darkness€willÌNot€a€thing€moved,€twas€like€the€nightÌThe€darkness€faced€the€warrior,€lightÌThey€fought€the€darkness€conquered€stillÌLight€obeyed€not€the€conquerors€willÌBut€yet€kept€up€a€twilight€dayÌThough€he€below€the€darkness€layÌAnd€now€big€drops€of€rain€fell€roundÌAnd€soon€unloosed€the€chains€of€soundÌSudden€advanced€the€giant€kingÌWho€conquered€light€I€darkness€meanÌAgain€they€fought€now€light€aroseÌAnd€joined€to€fight€with€darkness€foesÌDarkness€fought€well€but€could€not€standÌHe€cried€I€want€a€helping€handÌHe€sunk€and€then€he€cried€I€yieldÌI€yield€this€well€contested€fieldÌAnd€now€the€birds€began€to€singÌBecause€now€sound€became€a€king€ÌAnd€now€the€twilight€went€awayÌAt€length€arose€the€wished€for€dayÌAll€now€became€as€twas€beforeÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€now€I€am€not€able€to€say€moreÌÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„As€compared€with€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€MS€III€fairÐ @ Ðcopy€almost€entirely€unpunctuated,€except€for€period€at€end€of€line€2;€commasÏafter€ð ðnotðð€(line€5),€ð ðmovedðð€(line€7),€and€ð ðwarriorðð€(line€8).ÏCapitalizations€in€òòWorksóó€accurate,€except€Ruskin€uppercases€ð ðItðð€(line€1).Ð ˜è Ðà  àòò15„16,€MS€IIIóó€Sudden€advanced€the€giant€king€/€Who€conquered€light€IÐ ` ° Ðdarkness€mean€òòomitted€in€PJR,€WorksóóÐ ( x Ðà  àòò17,€MS€III,€Worksóó€now]€new€òòPJRóóÐ ð @ Ðà  àòò27„28,€MS€IIIóó€All€now€became€as€twas€before€/€And€now€I€am€not€able€toÐ ¸   Ðsay€more€òòomitted€in€PJR;€Works€hasóó€All€now€became€as€ððtwas€before,€/€And€now€IÐ € Ð  Ðam€not€able€to€say€more.ÌÌà  à51.€ð ðA€Fragmentðð€(ð ðThe€summit€of€skiddaw€was€gilt€by€the€sunðð),€March€9„¼13,€MS€III.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€47.€€This€ð ðfragmentðð€is€formed€from€the€first€four€lines€of€no.Ï33.ÌÌà  à52.€ð ðA€Fragmentðð€(ð ðThe€world€that€in€its€orbit€fliesðð),€March€9„13,€MSÏIII.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€47.ÌÌà  à53.€ð ðAnotherðð€(ð ðFar€towards€Chelsea€€On€the€hillðð),€March€13€or€soonÏafterward,€MS€III.€Unpublished.Ìà  àThe€title€refers€to€ð ðanotherðð€fragment,€like€nos.€51„52€(see€no.€47).ÏThe€title€also€probably€contains€Ruskinððs€riposte€aimed€at€a€ð ðlittle€large€orÏlarge€little€fat€chubby€Boy€of€three€years€old,ðð€whom€John€James€had€mocked€inÏa€letter€of€10€March€1829.€The€boy,€a€fellow€coach€passenger€with€John€James,Ïhad€been€punished€for€restiveness€by€having€his€hat€confiscated;€in€protest,Ïthe€boy€ð ðregaled€[the€passengersðð€ears]€with€the€most€monotonous€peewit€kindÏof€a€sound€of€Hatty„„Hatty„„„„Hatty,ðð€until€ð ðthe€Gas€Lamps€fortunately€caughtÏ.€.€.€[his]€Eye€&€as€he€passed€another€&€another€he€changed€òòHattyóó€into€theÐ è8 ÐNorthumbrian€word€for€another€&€he€had€òòoother€oother€oother€ootheróó€all€the€wayÐ °  Ðthrough€Newcastle€till€we€got€to€the€Innðð€(òòRFLóó,€189).€Ruskinððs€own€seriesÐ xÈ! Ðð ðAnother€.€.€.€Another€.€.€.€Anotherðð€(see€also€nos.€54„55)€is€intended,€then,Ïto€show€off€his€linguistic€superiority.€That€Ruskin€cannot€have€seen€thisÏletter€from€his€father€before€March€13€(see€òòRFLóó,€188„89)€is€the€best€evidenceÐ Ð $ Ðthat€the€ð ðMarch€9òòthóóðð€group€of€poems€in€MS€III€in€fact€occupied€him€for€severalÐ ˜!è% Ðdays.ÌÌà  à54.€ð ðAnotherðð€(ð ðOn€the€noble€Ben€Lomond€arose€the€bright€sunðð),€March€13Ïor€soon€afterward,€MS€III.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€53.ÌÌà  à55.€ð ðAnotherðð€(ð ðThy€winding€rivers€scotland€and€thy€rocksðð),€March€13€orÏsoon€afterward,€MS€III.€Unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€53.ÌÌà  à56.€Mineralogical€Notes€(prose),€about€March€(or€three€years€later?),€MSÏIV.€Unpublished.Ìà  àA€part€of€these€notes€is€taken€verbatim€from€Reginald€Heber,€Bishop€ofÏCalcutta,€òòNarrative€of€a€Journey€through€the€Upper€Provinces€of€India€fromÐ ˆ,Ø'3 ÐCalcutta€to€Bombay,€1824„1825óó€(1828),€which€Ruskin€and€his€mother€were€readingÐ P- (4 Ðin€March€(òòRFLóó,€185„86,€192„93).€Ruskinððs€geological€interests€had€begun€withÐ .h)5 Ðð ðbreaking€sparsðð€(no.€20)€as€early€as€1827;€and€in€March€1829,Ïcontemporaneously€with€no.€56,€he€may€have€drawn€materials€for€a€poem€on€theÏMatlock€caverns€from€another€literary€source,€Edgeworthððs€òòHarry€and€Lucyóó€(seeÐ @ Ðno.€47,€but€note€the€uncertainty€about€its€dating;€Ruskin€did€not€visitÏMatlock€until€1830).Ìà  àMost€of€no.€56,€however,€derives€from€some€other€work€than€Heberððs.€OneÏcandidate€is€another€work€containing€Indian€mineralogy,€òòHistorical€andÐ ` ° ÐDescriptive€Account€of€British€Indiaóó€(1832)€by€Hugh€Murray€et€al.€with€aÐ ( x Ðgeological€contribution€by€Robert€Jameson,€which€Ruskin€might€have€consultedÏlater.€I€have€been€unable€to€compare€this€source€with€the€manuscript;€if€theyÏmatch,€the€date€of€these€notes€must€be€amended€to€1832€or€after.Ìà  àSee€no.€126€for€another€reference€to€gems€from€India.ÌÌà  à57.€ð ðBattle€of€Waterloo:€A€Play€in€Two€Acts,ðð€May,€MS€V.€PreviouslyÏunpublished,€but€summarized€in€Collingwood,€òòLifeóó,€32.Ð  ð  Ðà  àMisdated€1828€òòWorksóó,€2:536.€As€discussed€in€the€note€to€no.€44,€RuskinððsÐ h¸  Ð10€May€1829€birthday€letter€to€his€father€may€allude€to€a€presentation€copyÏcontaining€only€no.€44,€now€lost;€however,€as€remarked€by€Cook€and€WedderburnÏ(òòWorksóó,€2:263)€and€Collingwood€(òòLifeóó€[1893]),€his€birthday€gift€certainlyÐ À Ðincluded€the€little€handmade€booklet€that€contains€no.€57€along€with€theÏbirthday€ode€no.€41,€no.€44,€and€other€poems€(nos.€29,€36).€The€editors€wereÏmistaken€in€believing,€however,€that€the€booklet€presented€old€poems€of€1828Ïthat€had€already€been€fair„copied€elsewhere.€More€likely,€the€booklet€is€inÏfact€the€unique€1829€fair€copy€of€1829€poems.Ìà  àCollingwood€apparently€had€not€seen€the€booklet€by€1891,€since€it€is€notÏmentioned€in€his€descriptive€bibliography€for€òòPJRóó.€He€first€described€it€twoÐ 8ˆ Ðyears€later€in€òòLifeóó€([1893],€32);€and,€by€1903,€the€booklet€had€been€insertedÐ P Ðinto€MS€V,€probably€by€Wedderburn€(see€òòWorksóó,€2:531).€By€the€time€the€bookletÐ È Ðturned€up,€Collingwood€had€already€committed€to€1828€for€its€contents,€owingÏto€his€misinterpretation€of€the€poemsðð€draft€in€MS€II.Ìà  àThe€play€was€probably€suggested€to€Ruskin€by€his€brief€ballad€or€songÏabout€Waterloo,€no.€36.€This€was€drafted€early€in€1829€in€MS€II,€and€containsÏideas€that€can€be€found€expanded€and€attributed€to€characters€in€the€play.ÏSince€the€last€ð ðHarry€and€Lucyðð€narrative,€no.€32€(also€drafted€in€MS€II),Ïbroke€off€with€Harry€putting€off€his€aborted€puppet€theater€project€until€hisÏfatherððs€birthday,€it€is€quite€possible€that€Ruskin€performed€no.€57€withÏpuppets€(see€no.€57).Ìà  àEvents€from€the€eve€of€the€battle€through€Napoleonððs€final€exile€andÏrejoicing€in€London€are€evoked€through€dialog€and€soliloquies€by€the€heroes€ofÏWaterloo„„Wellington,€Blcher,€Napoleon,€and€others„„and€through€commentary€byÏa€chorus.€Shakespearean€in€manner,€the€play€incorporates€a€line€or€two€fromÏòòMacbethóó€(see€also€no.€90).Ð ¸$ ) Ðà  àFor€physical€details€about€the€pamphlet,€title€page,€etc.,€see€part€2,ÏMS€V,€ð ðDescription.ðð€The€title€page€(1r)€is€followed€by€a€page€listing€theÏcharacters€(1v).€Then€the€text€begins€(2r€or€p.€1),€headed€by€a€title.€ÌÌà@hh!ìàBATTLE€OF€WATERLOOˆÌà@ÀÀ'ìàA€PLAYˆÌà@””$ìàIN€TWO€ACTððSˆÌà@ÌÌ"ìàWITH€OTHER€SMALLˆÌà@òò(ìàPOEMSˆÌà@TTìàòòDEDICATED€TO€HIS€FATHERóóˆÐ ˆ,Ø'3 Ðà@00#ìàBY€JOHN€RUSKINˆÌà@$$(ìà1829ˆÐ Þ-.)5 Ðà@¬¬&ìàòòHERNHILLóóˆÐ ° Ðà@ÔÔ'ìàòòDULWICHóóˆÐ >Ž ÐÌDuke€of€Wellingtonà  àà h àCommander€of€the€English€forcesÐ ”ä ÐPrince€of€Orangeà ¸ àà  àà h àCommander€of€the€centre€divisionÐ \¬ ÐBlucherà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àCommander€of€the€PrussiansÐ $t ÐGeneral€AltenÌGeneral€PictonÌGeneral€Lambertà ¸ àà  àà h àGeneralsÐ | Ì ÐGeneral€KemptÌGeneral€CookÌLord€HillÌColonel€HepburnÌSurgeonÌLords€&€LadiesÌForces€aidecampððs€&c€[òòsicóó]Ð ôD  Ðà@ÀÀ'ìàFRENCHˆÌBonaparteà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àEmperor€of€franceÐ „Ô  ÐLouis€18à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àKing€of€FranceÐ Lœ  ÐDuchess€of€Angoulesmeà  àà h àNiece€to€Louis€18Ð d ÐSoultà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àAideððcamp€[òòsicóó]€to€BonaparteÐ Ü, ÐFrench€soldier€and€forcesÌÌà@hh!ìàBATTLE€OF€WATERLOOˆÌà@$$(ìàòòACT€IˆÐ üL Ðà@ÔÔ'ìàSCENE€IóóˆÐ ŠÚ Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòA€ballroom€enter€the€duke€of€Wellington€€the€prince€ofÐ h ÐOrange€€general€Alten€€Lords€and€ladies€dancing.óóÐà0` (#` (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWhat€is€that€loud€and€rolling€noise€I€hearШø¸ (#¸ (# ÐPrinceà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTis€only€music€in€the€crowded€streetsÐpÀ¸ (#¸ (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àNo€it€is€not.€Hark€there€it€is€againÐ8ˆ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThat€is€not€music.€Tis€too€loud€for€drums.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àMusic€cannot€produce€thunder€like€thatÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àNo€tis€the€cannons€roar.€To€arms€to€armsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSoldiers€to€battle.€Take€your€swords€and€gunsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThis€is€the€time€to€gain€eððerlasting€honourÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRush€to€the€battle€fight€and€kill€and€dieÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€in€expiring€gain€the€victory.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐG€Altenà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSurely€that€was€not€cannon,€could€not€beÐx!È&¸ (#¸ (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àCoward€it€was.€To€armsÐ@"'¸ (#¸ (# ÐG€Altenà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àI€am€not€coward€Wellington.€If€it€wasÐ#X(¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àCannon€I€am€as€ready€as€yourselfÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFor€battle.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àCome€then€with€me.€I€go€to€muster€soldiersÐ`%° +¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTo€get€our€arms€in€readiness,€to€rangeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àOur€army€in€due€order.€Come€then€come.à€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ ð&@"- Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòThe€field€of€battle.€The€duke€of€Wellington€€Prince€ofÐ €(Ð#/ Ðorange€€general€Alten€€generals€picton€lambert€&€kempt€with€forcesÏLord€HillóóÐ*`%1` (#` (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àHill€take€the€Belgians€under€thy€commandÐØ*(&2¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àLead€them€unto€the€right€of€the€first€line.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àGreat€prince€of€Orange€make€thy€corps€the€centreÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWith€Nassauððs€troops€and€Brunswickers€to€witÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAltens€division€go€thou€to€the€leftÐø-H)6¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àYou€noble€generals€Picton€Lambert€KemptÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àForm€the€left€wing.€Our€army€thus€arrangedÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àLet€us€lie€on€the€field.€We€will€need€strengthÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFor€great€tomorrows€fight.€A€little€sleepÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAll€all€may€have€a€longer€sleep€tomorrow.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTomorrow€and€tomorrow€and€tomorrowÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àGreat€day€of€expectation€come€awayà€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ ` ° Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòA€hill€on€the€field€of€battle€€Bonaparte€and€Soult.óóÐð @` (#` (# ÐBonaparteà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àHow€steadily€these€troops€do€take€their€groundи  ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThose€those€fine€cavalry€how€they€do€formÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àLook€at€those€horses€grey€€Are€they€not€noble€troopsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€yet€in€one€half€hour€Iððll€vanquish€themÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àCut€them€in€pieces€break€them€scatter€themÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€have€the€day€my€own.€Theyððre€noble€troopsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSo€noble€that€it€is€pity€to€conquer€themÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€yet€I€must.€Letððs€go€survey€the€fieldà€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ 0€  Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòthe€field€of€battle€€The€duke€of€Wellington€colonel€hepburnÐ À ÐGeneral€cook€with€forcesóóЈØ` (#` (# ÐColonel€hepburnà0 ¸ àI€wish€the€Prussians€were€arrived€just€nowÐP ¸ (#¸ (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThe€roads€are€heavy€and€they€canððt€be€hereÐh¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTill€two€or€three€oððclock€and€my€brave€fellowsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWill€keep€the€french€at€bay€Iððm€sure€till€thenÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐGeneral€Cookà0 ¸ àAy€that€they€will€brave€fellows€as€they€areÐpÀ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àOur€British€men€will€eððen€do€more€than€thatÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTheyððll€conqeur€[òòsicóó]€them€before€the€Prussians€comeÐP¸ (#¸ (# ÐColonel€Hepburnà0 ¸ àI€doubt€of€that.€These€French€are€veteran€troopsÐȸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€have€more€men€than€we€have€though€I€thinkÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWeððll€conquer€them€€I€dont€think€till€that€timeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àOur€troops€are€unaccustomed€to€campaignÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐG€Cookà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWell€then€weððll€fight€without€the€Prussians€nowÐè8¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSo€let€us€to€the€battleà€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ °  Ðà@ÌÌ ìàòòEND€OF€THE€FIRST€ACTóóˆÐ xÈ! Ðà@66!ìà___________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòEnter€ChorusóóÐÎ#` (#` (# ÐChorusà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àNòòOWóó€ladies,€gentles:€pardon€this€intrusionЖ æ$¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBut€know€this€act€has€come€to€its€conclusion.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThen€fancy€round€you€all€the€balls€do€playÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€fancy€you€do€see€the€dreadful€dayÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFancy€the€regiments€and€divisions€tooÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFancy€the€Highland€corpsððs€with€bonnet€blueÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFancy€the€waving€swords€the€guns€the€criesÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThe€dreadful€piteous€screams€of€him€who€diesÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àIn€short€sum€up€do€ye€fancy€the€war.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAs€if€all€all€the€battle€your€eyes€saw.à€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ ž'î"- Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌà@üü'ìàòòACT€IIˆÐ .)~$/ Ðà@ÔÔ'ìàSCENE€IóóˆÐ ¼) %0 Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòA€ravine€on€the€field€of€battle.€Bonaparte€and€the€imperialÐ J*š%1 ÐGuardóóÐ+b&2` (#` (# ÐBonaparteà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTòòHOUóó€noble€far„famed€and€renowned€guardÐÚ+*'3¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àUpon€your€valour€this€great€day€dependsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àOne€effort€and€perhaps€the€day€is€oursÐj-º(5¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRemember€your€renown€think€upon€meÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€fight€like€brave€men.€Look€around€the€fieldÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSee€how€the€troops€are€flying€charge€O€chargeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àPerhaps€we€may€yet€gain€this€well€fought€battleÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐGuardà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àVive€l{ðð}empereurà€xx?(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeunt€GuardóóˆÐ Ð  ÐBonaparteà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThis€is€my€last€despairing€effort€ifÐ˜è¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThis€guard€miscarry€all€is€fairly€lostÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àI€think€they€cannot€yield€theyððre€veteran€troopsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTheyll€think€it€black€dishonour€now€to€yieldÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTheyll€rather€die€with€honour€than€theyll€liveÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWith€dishonour€and€yet€at€such€a€crisisÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àI€know€not€what€theyll€do€well€patience€patienceà€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ H ˜  Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòA€room€in€a€farmhouse€on€the€field€of€battle.€The€duke€ofÐ Ø(  ÐWellington€Blucher€&€General€Alten.€SoldiersóóРð ` (#` (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBlucher€this€victory€has€cost€us€dearÐh¸ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSir€Alexander€Gordon€what€a€lossÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€picton€and€Ponsonby€all€are€goneÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThou€noble€Blucher€O€revenge€their€deathsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWhile€my€tired€soldiers€rest€and€take€refreshmentsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐBlucherà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àI€will€my€Lordà€88/(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeunt€Blucher€with€soldiersóóˆÐ P  ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBut€yet€the€victory€is€worth€its€costÐh¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThe€fate€of€Europe€hung€upon€this€dayÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€though€some€valuable€lives€are€lostÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àYet€if€theyððd€lived€and€we€had€lost€the€battleÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWhat€poor€alternative€to€die€or€loseÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBut€we€have€taððen€the€best.€Weððve€beat€the€frenchÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€lost€the€lives€of€many€noble€genððralsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐG€Altenà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àYes€it€indeed€is€worth€the€lives€of€those.Ðภ(#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWho€fought€and€died€with€bravððry€and€who€diedÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWith€everlasting€honour.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBut€think€on€those€whoððre€dieing€on€the€fieldÐè8¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFor€want€of€some€assistance€come€in€timeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThink€on€their€wives.€Oh€succour€french€and€EnglishÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFor€though€they€were€our€enemies€yet€nowÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTheyððre€helpless€wounded€dieing€want€assistanceÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWe€shall€make€friends€of€enemies€by€succourÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThen€come€assist€them€noble€noble€troops.à€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ ˜!è% Ðà@66!ìà___________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòA€room€Enter€Louis€the€18€with€the€duchess€of€Angoulesme.óóÐ(#x'` (#` (# ÐLouisà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThis€battle€that€the€dukeððs€about€to€fightÐð#@(¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWill€if€he€conquer€dislodge€BonaparteÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àDislodge€the€snake€from€his€usurped€holeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€will€restore€me€to€my€ancient€rightsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€to€the€crown€of€France.€Poor€France€annoyððdÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWith€bloody€war€and€with€this€BonaparteÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWishing€for€peace€and€longing€more€and€moreÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFor€peace€and€yet€not€being€satisfied.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐDuchessà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àMy€noble€uncle€let€us€join€our€prayersÐ0*€%0¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFor€the€great€Duke€of€Wellington€that€heÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àMay€snatch€the€crown€from€this€base€BonaparteÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThat€from€the€Isle€of€Elba€quickly€sailedÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTo€fight€with€these€brave€English.à€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ P- (4 Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÐ .h)5 Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòThe€deck€of€a€ship.€Bonaparte€aloneóóа` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAh€this€destructive€battle€that€hath€sent€meÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFar€from€my€native€country€to€this€IsleÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àOf€St€Helena.€Bound€by€roaring€seaððs€[òòsicóó]ÐX¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àNot€to€return€alas€tis€not€like€ElbaÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFor€from€that€Isle€I€quickly€did€escapeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBut€tis€impossible€I€can€from€this.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThese€English€that€I€thought€I€was€so€sure€ofÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àTheyððve€showed€me€how€all€human€hopes€must€failÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àO€that.€Up€guards€and€at€them€what€it€cost€me.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThat€Duke€of€Wellington€that€Blucher€too.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBut€tis€vain€to€lament€for€what€is€pastÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àLet€me€think€of€the€future.€Yet€I€canððtÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThat€dread€voice€of€the€Duke€of€Wellington.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àStill€soundeth€in€my€ears.€Before€my€eyesÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSwim€regððments€colours€dying€men€commandersÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àO€twas€a€fearful€day€€My€brain€is€dizzyà€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòfrownsóóˆÐ 0€  Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWhat€am€I€not€a€man€and€shall€I€faintÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àIððll€go€unto€my€cabin,€that€the€eyesÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àOf€mortal€men€may€not€behold€my€weaknessà€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ ˆØ Ðà@66!ìà___________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àòòThe€field€of€battle€after€the€combat€€Duke€of€WellingtonÐ h ÐGeneral€Cook€Surgeon€&€forcesóóÐà0` (#` (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAh€what€this€noble€victory€has€cost€usШø¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àPoor€men€friends€enemies€all€mingled€hereÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àIn€blood€in€pain€in€wounds€in€cries€in€thirstÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà€„„:(#àòòBursts€into€tearsóóˆÐ P ÐG€Cookà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àHa€here€is€General€Lancy€living€yetÐȸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àO€help€him€quick€if€you€are€generousÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà€ÈÈ3(#àòòThey€flock€round€G€LancyóóˆÐ X¨ ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBut€flock€not€all€to€this€one€single€manÐ p¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThink€on€the€rest€think€of€their€wives€and€childrenÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€help€them€too€€A€few€of€you€attendÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àDear€Genððral€Lancy.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà€ØØ(#àòòSome€of€them€go€off€with€G€Lancy€while€others€remainóóˆÐ @" ÐSurgeon€to€Duke€Wà0 ¸ àMy€Lord€I€would€that€he€were€carried€offÐ X#¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThe€field.€His€wounds€are€dangððrous€and€the€airÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àMay€injure€themÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐDuke€Wà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àCarry€him€off€then€surgeonà€Ð Ð E(#¸ (#¸ (#àòòexeuntóóˆÐ `"°& Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌà@¤¤ ìàòòEND€OF€THE€SECOND€ACTóóˆÐ ð#@( Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àNow€gentles€as€concluded€is€this€playÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àI€only€have€appeared€here€to€say.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThat€Blucher€Wellington€and€all€did€meetÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAmidst€the€bustle€of€a€London€streetÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThere€in€procession€went€upon€their€wayÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€spent€in€great€rejoicing€was€the€day.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFirst€in€the€ranks€came€many€a€noble€knightÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àSome€with€a€banner€all€in€armour€brightÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThen€came€a€troop€of€horse€with€glittering€spearsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àHuzzaððs€oft€heard€when€heard€they€stun€the€earsÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThen€came€the€Duke€himself.€Beside€him€rodeÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àBlucher€whose€horse€quite€proud€at€such€a€loadÐÞ-.)5¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àFigured€and€capered€danced€along€the€road.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àThen€waving€banners€then€musicians€cameÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àAnd€then€a€countless€mob€with€out€a€nameÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà@ ìà____________________ˆÌÌà  à58.€ð ðThese€worldly€things€are€fair€and€beauteous€too,ðð€late€May(?),€MSÏII.€Unpublished.Ìà  àMisdated€1828€òòWorksóó,€2:536.€This€fragment€follows€draft€of€no.€44€andÐ ( x Ðwhat€is€probably€a€fragment€of€a€May€10€letter€to€Ruskinððs€father€(òòRFLóó,€200;Ð ð @ Ðsee€note€to€no.€41).€This€and€nos.€59€and€60€are€mingled€with€draft€ofÏð ðEudosiaðð€(no.€27),€on€which€Ruskin€continued€work€in€MS€II€(see€MS€II,Ïð ðDescriptionðð).ÌÌà  à59.€ð ðWe€say€that€this€world€is€unhappy,ðð€late€May(?),€MS€II.ÏUnpublished.Ìà  àMisdated€1828€òòWorksóó,€2:536.€See€no.€58.Ð h¸  ÐÌà  à60.€ð ðIf€such€the€beauties€of€an€earthly€shore,ðð€no€earlier€than€late€MayÏand€probably€no€later€than€August,€but€with€a€possible€upper€limit€of€FebruaryÏ1830,€MS€II.€Unpublished.Ìà  àMisdated€1828€òòWorksóó,€2:536.€See€nos.€44,€58.€No.€60€appears€to€be€anÐ P  Ðattempt€at€redrafting€no.€44€for€publication€in€the€òòSpiritual€Timesóó€as€ð ðLinesÐ h ÐWritten€at€the€Lakes€in€Cumberlandðð€(August€1829)€and€ð ðOn€Skiddaw€and€DerwentÏWaterðð€(February€1830),€hence€the€parameters€for€dating.€Ruskin€is€strugglingÏwith€the€otherworldly€piety€which€formed€the€concluding€couplets€of€ð ðLinesððÏ(see€no.€44)€and€of€the€Skiddaw€section€of€ð ðOn€Skiddawðð€as€published€inÏReverend€Andrewsððs€magazine.€A€reference€in€this€largely€illegible€draft€toÏð ðkeswicks€mountains€derwent€waterðð€establishes€its€association€with€no.€44;Ïhowever,€only€the€idea,€not€the€specific€language,€of€no.€60€(e.g.,€ð ðhow€muchÏheavens€beauties€must€these€rocks€excelðð)€matches€the€couplets€in€the€1829/30Ïpublished€poems.€No.€60€cannot,€therefore,€be€identified€specifically€withÏeither€ð ðLinesðð€or€ð ðOn€Skiddaw,ðð€but€only€with€the€general€direction€RuskinÏtook€in€revising€the€conclusions€to€both€poems.ÌÌà  à61.€ð ðThe€Moon,ðð€June€28,€MS€V.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:25;€òòWorksóó,€2:273.Ð @" Ðà  àTitle€written€ð ðTHE€MOON.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin,€and€confirmed€by€the€factÏthat€the€printing€style€at€the€beginning€of€MS€V„„ð ðThe€Moonðð€appears€on€pp.€2„¼3€of€the€manuscript„„is€very€similar€to€that€of€no.€57.ÌÌà@\\&ìàTHE€MOONˆÌFòòAIRóó€Luna€shining€on€thy€cloudy€carÐ ð#@( ÐRiding€in€state€on€spangled€heaven€afarÌWhere€when€the€sun€hath€sunk€upon€the€hillÌThou€dost€dispense€his€light€upon€us€stillÌNow€tipped€with€silver€messenger€of€nightÌA€dark€black€cloud€oerhangs€thy€silver€lightÌNow€half€obscured,€but€now€thy€light€once€moreÌDoth€tip€with€silver€every€mountain€hoarÌShines€on€the€vale€and€on€the€oceans€breastÌWith€glittering€glory€doth€the€waves€investÌAnd€as€the€waves€roll€on€to€gain€the€shoreÌTheir€white€foam€silvered€glitters€more€and€moreÌA€tide€of€glory€spreads€along€the€wavesÌTheir€moving€breasts€the€flood€of€brightness€lavesÐ .h)5 ÐBut€when€at€last€the€sun€from€whom€the€lightÌOf€the€fair€moon€doth€interrupt€the€nightÌRises€once€more€upon€that€eastern€goldÌThe€pale€moons€story€to€the€earth€is€toldÌAnd€with€her€glittering€diamonds€from€the€skiesÌThat€beauteous€orb€of€night€with€her€attendants€fliesÌÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„As€compared€with€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€Ruskinððs€MS€VÐ ( x Ðfair€copy€is€entirely€unpunctuated,€except€for€a€comma€in€line€7,€where€theÏeditors€place€a€semicolon.ÌÌà  à62.€ð ðHelvellyn,ðð€July€5,€MS€V.€Printed€from€Cook€and€WedderburnððsÏtranscript€for€òòWorksóó,€in€John€Ruskin,€òòThree€Lakeland€Poemsóó,€ed.€and€ptd.€by€J.Ð `  ÐS.€Dearden€(Bembridge:€Yellowsands€Press,€1971).Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðHELVELLYN.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin.ÌÌà  à63.€ð ðThe€Wood€of€Birches€Near€Tunbridge,ðð€July€12,€MS€V.€Unpublished.Ìà  àDated€by€Ruskin.€In€òòWorksóó,€2:536,€ð ðBeechesðð€is€erroneously€given€forÐ øH  Ðð ðBirchesðð€in€the€title.€The€poem€concerns€ð ða€monument€of€stone€.€.€.€erected€.Ï.€.€to€Lady€Catherineððs€memory.ððÌÌà  à64.€ð ðOn€Happiness,ðð€July€19,€MS€V.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:26;€òòWorksóó,€2:274.Ð h Ðà  àTitle€written€ð ðON€HAPPINESS.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin.€Collingwood€identifiesÏthe€influence€of€Edward€Youngððs€òòNight€Thoughtsóó.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà@””$ìàON€HAPPINESSˆÌO€WHAT€is€happiness€that€precious€thingÌRare€and€in€great€request€yet€seldom€foundÌSought€for€in€various€ways€in€which€it€seemsÌTo€be€within€the€reach.€Now€try,€BeholdÌActive€it€yet€eludes€the€searchers€graspÌAnd€leads€him€hopeful€on€then€disappoints€himÌAnd€now€at€last€he€tries€the€paths€of€viceÌHappiness€is€not€there€in€vain€with€drinkÌHe€tries€to€gain€a€transient€gleam€of€joyÌBut€soon€he€sinks€again€and€plunged€in€griefÌHe€feels€the€stings€of€conscience€and€he€endsÌWith€launching€out€into€eternityÌWhile€his€own€hands€do€push€the€boat€from€shoreÌÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„As€compared€with€the€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€RuskinððsÐ ð#@( Ðfair€copy€in€MS€V€is€unpunctuated,€except€in€line€4,€where€the€editorsÏcorrectly€show€a€period,€and€where€Ruskin€has€a€comma€for€the€editorsððÏexclamation€mark.€Line€4€also€contains€Ruskinððs€only€capitalizations€(ð ðNowððÏand€ð ðBeholdðð),€except€for€initial€letters€of€lines€and€the€opening€words€(ð ðOÏWHATðð).ÌÌà  à65.€ð ðThe€IX€Psalm,ðð€July€19,€MS€V.€Unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðTHE€IX€PSALM.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin.ÌÌà  à66.€ð ðSabbath€Morning,ðð€August€2€and€16,€MS€V.€Printed€in€part,€òòPJRóó,Ð À+'2 Ð1:27;€in€full,€òòWorksóó,€2:275.Ð ˆ,Ø'3 Ðà  àTitle€written€ð ðSABBATH€MORNING.ðð€Ruskin€dated€the€first€three€stanzasÏAugust€2,€and€the€second€three€stanzas€August€16.€The€first€date€appearsÐ .h)5 Ðsmaller€and€less€formal€than€the€dates€at€the€ends€of€this€and€other€poems.ÏThis€possibly€means€that€Ruskin€did€not€end€the€poem€in€the€fair€copy,€andÏthen€return€to€add€another€three€stanzas;€rather,€he€appears€deliberately€toÏhave€recorded€the€poemððs€stages€in€composition.ÌÌà@þþ#ìàSABBATH€MORNINGˆÌSòòEEóó€where€the€sun€on€that€hill€doth€ariseÐ ` ° ÐAnd€look€where€Phoebus€snatches€up€his€reinsÌSee€where€his€radiance€paints€the€morning€skiesÌAnd€where€unwillingly€the€darkness€wanes.Ìà@ºº*ìà2ˆÌThe€dewdrops€glitter€to€the€rising€sunÌWith€diamonds€decking€all€the€trees€so€fairÌFrail€in€their€beauty€melting€one€by€oneÌAnd€in€a€vapour€thickening€all€the€air.Ìà@ºº*ìà3ˆÌLo€where€invited€by€the€genial€heatÌForth€come€the€bees€rejoicing€in€the€sunÌFrom€each€fair€flowððr€they€suck€their€honey€sweetÌForming€a€gentle€music€with€their€hum.Ìà@ºº*ìà4ˆÌAbove€in€robe€of€blue€adorned€so€fairÌSpeckled€with€small€white€clouds€is€that€soft€skyÌWhich€gently€float€upon€the€balmy€airÌHiding€the€skylark€as€it€warbles€high.Ìà@ºº*ìà5ˆÌAnd€now€the€birds€awake€and€sweetly€singÌHailing€the€sunny€morn€and€azure€skyÌNow€from€their€nests€upon€the€air€they€springÌAnd€brave€the€clouds€as€happily€they€flyÌà@ºº*ìà6ˆÌNow€born€on€waving€air€the€church€bell€ringsÌPleasing€the€ear€as€tolls€it€softly€slowÌSound€following€sound€full€heavily€it€swingsÌAnd€in€sweet€cadence€rolls€in€music€lowÌÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„As€compared€with€the€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€RuskinððsÐ Ð $ Ðfair€copy€in€MS€V€is€unpunctuated,€except€for€periods€at€the€ends€of€stanzasÏ1,€2,€3,€and€4,€and€the€apostrophe€in€line€11.€Ruskinððs€lines€are€flush,Ïwithout€the€editorsðð€indentations,€but€the€capitalizations€in€òòWorksóó€areÐ (#x' Ðcorrect.€Ruskin€numbers€his€stanzas€2€through€6.€Stanzas€3€and€5€omitted€inÏòòPJRóó,€which€are€restored€(with€editorial€punctuation€and€one€word€change)€inÐ ¸$ ) ÐòòWorksóó.€Other€variants:Ð €%Ð * Ðà  àòò1,€MS€Vóó€SòòEEóó€where€the€sun€on€that€hill€doth€arise]€SòòEEóó€where€the€sunÐ H&˜!+ Ðdoth€on€that€hill€arise,€òòWorksóóÐ '`", Ðà  àòò2,€MS€V,€Worksóó€his]€the€òò2,€PJRóóÐ Ø'(#- Ðà  àòò12,€MS€Vóó€music]€murmur€òòWorksóóÐ  (ð#. Ðà  àòò14,€MS€V,€Worksóó€soft]€fair€òòPJRóóÐ h)¸$/ Ðà  àòò21,€MS€Vóó€born]€born[e]€òòWorksóóÐ 0*€%0 Ðà  àòò24,€MS€V,€Worksóó€its]€in€òòPJRóóÐ ø*H&1 ÐÌà  à67.€ð ðShagramððs€Farewell€to€Shetland,ðð€October€18,€MS€V.€Printed€òòPJRóó,Ð ˆ,Ø'3 Ð1:28„29;€òòWorksóó,€2:276„77.Ð P- (4 Ðà  àTitle€written€ð ðSHAGRAMS€FAREWELL€TO€SHETLAND.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin.€The€poemÐ .h)5 Ðrefers€to€a€real€pony,€kept€in€the€stable€at€the€far€end€of€the€Herne€HillÏgarden€(see€òòRuskinððs€Camberwellóó,€10).€As€Collingwood€notes€(òòPJRóó,€1:273),Ð xÈ ÐRuskin€named€his€pony€after€the€one€in€òòThe€Monasteryóó€that€balks€at€crossingÐ @ Ðthe€bog€and€that€detects€the€presence€of€the€White€Lady.Ìà  àThe€poemððs€lament€by€Ruskinððs€pony€for€his€native€Scotland€was€doubtlessÏinspired€by€an€October€18€evening€lecture€on€cruelty€to€animals,€delivered€byÏReverend€Edward€Andrews,€Ruskinððs€tutor€(for€the€lecture,€see€òòRFLóó,€203,€204€n.Ð ` ° Ð1).ÌÌà@BBìàSHAGRAMS€FAREWELL€TO€SHETLANDˆÌFòòAREWELLóó€my€dear€country€so€savage€and€hoarÐ € Ð  ÐI€shall€range€on€thy€heathcovered€Sumburg€no€moreÌFor€lo€I€am€snatched€to€a€far€distant€shoreÌà  àà ` àTo€wish€for€my€country€in€vainÌà@ºº*ìà2ˆÌThis€green€dancing€sea€that€now€bears€me€awayÌI€have€seen€It€with€pleasure€on€some€stormy€dayÌTo€dash€gainst€the€cliffs€and€throw€up€its€white€sprayÌà  àà ` àRoaring€as€tossed€the€high€surgeÌà@ºº*ìà3ˆÌAh€little€I€thought€that€its€bosom€so€fairÌMe€away€from€my€country€and€wild€heaths€should€bearÌFor€I€hate€the€green€fields€and€the€warm€southern€airÌà  àà ` àWhen€compared€with€my€dear€native€homeÌà@ºº*ìà4ˆÌThey€say€it€is€savage€and€covered€with€snowÌBut€still€purple€heather€and€grass€are€belowÌAnd€I€care€not€though€oer€it€the€cold€breezes€blowÌà  àà ` àFor€still€it€is€fertile€to€meÌà@ºº*ìà5ˆÌWild€roar€the€waves€as€they€dash€on€the€rocksÌAnd€double€and€treble€their€thundering€shocksÌAnd€their€foam€still€it€rolls€on€like€a€thousand€white€flocksÌà  àà ` àWith€their€fleeces€all€white€as€the€snowÌà@ºº*ìà6ˆÌBut€I€look€for€my€country€and€round€me€I€gazeÌYet€nothing€is€seen€save€the€surge€as€it€playsÌAnd€those€fair€western€clouds€still€illumed€by€the€raysÌà  àà ` àOf€the€sun€as€it€sinks€neath€the€oceanÌà@ºº*ìà7ˆÌMy€dear€native€land€I€have€parted€from€theeÌAnd€thy€high€hill€of€Rona€no€more€can€I€seeÌFrom€this€time€woe€and€sorrow€are€destined€to€meÌà  àà ` àThough€Iððm€borne€unto€Albionððs€shoreÌÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„As€compared€with€the€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€RuskinððsÐ Ø'(#- Ðfair€copy€in€MS€V€is€unpunctuated,€except€for€apostrophes€in€line€28.€InÏòòWorksóó,€Ruskinððs€indentations€are€accurately€shown,€as€are€his€capitalizations,Ð h)¸$/ Ðexcept€Ruskin€has€ð ðItðð€in€line€6,€which€is€probably€a€slip.€Ruskin€numbers€hisÏstanzas€2€through€7,€not€1€through€7.Ìà  àòò2,€MS€Vóó€heathcovered€Sumburg]€heath„covered€Sumburg[h]€òòWorksóóÐ À+'2 Ðà  àòò19,€MS€V,€Worksóó€rolls€on€like€thousand]€rolls€like€a€thousand€òòPJRóóÐ ˆ,Ø'3 Ðà  àòò26,€MS€Vóó€can€I€see]€I€can€see€òòWorksóóÐ P- (4 ÐÐ .h)5 Ðà  à68.€ð ðEtna,ðð€October€25,€MS€V.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:30„31;€òòWorksóó,€2:278.Ð ° Ðà  àTitle€written€ð ðETNA.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin.ÌÌà@$$(ìàETNAˆÌOòòNóó€old€Siciliaððs€isle€a€mountain€roarsÐ Ð  ÐIn€sounds€re„echoed€from€Italian€shores.ÌLo,€in€the€sable€night€when€mankind€sleepÌAnd€when€each€creature€rests€in€slumber€deepÌOft€there€is€heard€a€rumbling€rolling€soundÌWhich€back€Messinaððs€rocky€straits€reboundÌSuch€is€the€thunder€that€the€mountains€quakeÌAnd€the€huge€earth€itself€is€felt€to€shakeÌAt€the€dread€moment€houses€cities€fallÌThe€earth€gapes€wide,€Destruction€swallows€allÌThen€Etna€from€his€burning€crater€poursÌA€fiery€torrent€oer€Siciliaððs€shoresÌDown€down€his€side€the€lava€rivers€flowÌAnd€the€hot€streams€oerwhelm€all€all€belowÌWhile€from€the€crater€gaseous€vapours€riseÌVolcanic€lightnings€flash€along€the€skiesÌEarth€gapes€again€Cataniaððs€city€fallsÌAnd€all€her€people€die€within€her€wallsÌAnd€now€at€length€the€Etnaean€lavas€stayÌAnd€cease€to€roll€along€upon€their€wayÌEtna€is€quiet€but€it€leaves€a€sceneÌThat€well€may€fill€with€fear€the€hearts€of€menÌOer€all€Sicilia€desolation€reignsÌAnd€by€the€lavas€burnt€are€fruitful€plainsÌBut€on€the€buried€cities€others€riseÌAnd€soon€again€green€verdure€meets€the€eyesÌÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„As€compared€with€the€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€Ruskinððs€MSÐ è8 ÐV€fair€copy€is€punctuated€only€with€apostrophes€in€lines€1,€6,€12,€and€17;Ïhyphen€and€period€in€line€2;€comma€in€line€3€(interpreted€by€the€editors€as€anÏexclamation€mark,€and€which€does€look€like€an€apostrophe,€rather€than€aÏcomma);€and€comma€for€editorsðð€semicolon,€line€10.€Capitalizations€areÏaccurately€shown€in€òòWorksóó,€except€for€Ruskinððs€ð ðDestructionðð€(line€10).€RuskinÐ Ð $ Ðdoes€not€break€into€stanzas,€as€does€òòWorksóó€(3€stzs.€of€10,€8,€and€8€lines,Ð ˜!è% Ðrespectively).Ìà  àòò2,€MS€V,€Worksóó€Italian]€Italiaððs€òòPJRóóÐ (#x' ÐÌà  à69.€ð ðBosworth€Field,ðð€December€30,€1829,€and€January€1,€1830,€MSS€IA,€V.ÏPreviously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðBOSWORTH€FIELD.ðð€Dated€30€December€in€MS€V€by€Ruskin.€NewÏYearððs€presentation€copy€(see€part€2,€MS€IA,€ð ðContent,ðð€òòdóó)€twice€dated€1Ð '`", ÐJanuary€1830,€ð ðage€10ðð,ðð€by€both€Ruskin€and€John€James.€Copytext€from€MS€V.ÌÌà@00#ìàBOSWORTH€FIELDˆÌTòòHEóó€sun€had€risen€in€the€eastÐ 0*€%0 ÐAnd€gilded€Bosworths€plainÌWhen€at€king€Richards€high€behestÌForth€forth€the€squadrons€cameÌGaily€the€murderer€rode€to€the€fieldÌBut€little€availed€him€his€mail€and€his€shieldÐ .h)5 Ðà@ºº*ìà2ˆÌThe€squadrons€joined€the€trumpets€clangÌEchoed€oer€dale€and€hillÌAnd€loudly€loudly€the€battle€rangÌAnd€the€standards€waved€stillÌHard€was€the€struggle€fierce€the€strifeÌRichard€&€Richmond€fought€for€lifeÌà@ºº*ìà3ˆÌMark€how€the€bloody€banner€streamsÌFull€proudly€to€the€breezeÌAnd€mark€thee€how€the€murderer€dreamsÌOf€luxury€&€easeÌNo€no€Bosworth€field€shall€end€Richards€careerÌAnd€all€that€remains€is€the€shroud€&€the€bierÌà@ºº*ìà4ˆÌNow€look€on€the€field€see€the€leaders€are€dashingÌRichard€&€Richmond€are€first€in€the€frayÌHark€how€the€arms€and€the€armour€are€clashingÌHow€Richard€ploughs€onward€his€murderous€wayÌMark€the€two€leaders€they€have€not€metÌRichard€the€murderers€time€has€not€come€yetÌà@ºº*ìà5ˆÌNow€forward€Duke€Richmond€thy€falchion€unsheatheÌAnd€let€it€blood€thirsty€descendÌBy€its€death€bearing€edge€Richard€shall€cease€to€breatheÌAnd€his€murders€shall€come€to€an€endÌHis€arms€are€all€bloody€his€warhorse€is€slainÌAnd€soon€he€himself€shall€lie€low€on€the€plainÌà@ºº*ìà6ˆÌBehold€the€two€standards€still€nearer€they€comeÌThey€have€met€ha€how€fierce€is€the€shockÌThe€dust€that€is€raised€hides€the€face€of€the€sunÌAnd€Richmond€stands€firm€as€a€rockÌBut€raging€is€Richard€despair€gives€him€strengthÌFor€he€knows€that€his€lifes€come€to€its€utmost€lengthÌà@ºº*ìà7ˆÌSee€now€the€bloody€plumage€reelsÌHow€Richmonds€proudly€towrsÌAnd€how€in€air€his€falchion€wheelsÌHow€Richards€visage€lowrsÌThe€blow€is€fallen€the€murderers€deadÌVengeance€has€falled€on€his€headÌÌFor€that€swords€sweepòò1óóÐ H&˜!+ ÐNo€mothers€weepÌNo€children€sadly€moanÌBut€curses€riseÌUnto€the€skiesÌWhile€he€is€carried€homeÌYes€he€made€the€children€orphansÌAnd€he€made€the€mothers€groanÌBut€now€for€all€heððs€amply€repaidÌPang€for€pang€&€moan€for€moanÌÐ .h)5 Ðà  àòò1óóThe€final€stanza€is€unnumbered€in€both€MSS€IA€and€V.Ð ° ÐÌà  àòòLine€7,€MS€Vóó€joined]€joined,€òòMS€IAóóÐ @ Ðà  àòòLines€12,€16,€18,€52€MS€Vóó€&]€and€òòMS€IAóóÐ X Ðà  àòòLine€20,€MS€Vóó€Richard€&€Richmond]€Richmond€and€Richard€òòMS€IAóóÐ Ð  Ðà  àòòLine€32,€MS€Vóó€ha]€Ha€òòMS€IAóóÐ ˜è Ðà  àòòLine€38,€MS€Vóó€towrs]€towððrs€òòMS€IAóóÐ ` ° Ðà  àòòLine€42,€MS€Vóó€The€blow€is€fallen€the€murderers€dead]€The€blow€has€fallððnÐ ( x Ðthe€murdððrers€dead€òòMS€IAóóÔ#†ôl¥õõô:«Ï•#ÔÔ#†õl¥õõôl¥•#Ô€ññ