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Bullet Listà0..àððà0` ..` àÌ  ÿÿCƒ‰•›£«±Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) tÝ ƒ'(ÝÝ  ÝÔ‡ÔÓ È ÓÒ X ÒÒ ° ÒÓÿÿÀÓß6€./'ü°ø*–d6ßß6€./'°ø*–d6ßÌÌàÀ..\à1ˆÌÌàÀ..\à2ˆÌÌàÀ..\à3ˆÌÌàÀ..\à4ˆÌÌàÀ..\à5ˆÌÌàÀ..\à6ˆÌÌàÀ..\à7ˆÌÌàÀ..\à8ˆÌÌàÀ..\à9ˆÌÌàÀ..øà10ˆÌÌàÀ..øà11ˆÌÌàÀ..øà12ˆÌÌàÀ..øà13ˆÌÌàÀ..øà14ˆÌÌàÀ..øà15ˆÌÌàÀ..øà16ˆÌÌàÀ..øà17ˆÌÌàÀ..øà18ˆÌÌàÀ..øà19ˆÌÌàÀ..øà20ˆÌÌàÀ..øà21ˆÌÌàÀ..øà22ˆÌÌàÀ..øà23ˆÌÌàÀ..øà24ˆÌÌàÀ..øà25ˆÌÌàÀ..øà26ˆÌÌàÀ..øà27ˆÌÌàÀ..øà28Ô   Ôˆ«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@<þ6X9`(CourierMPþ6X@ɹ`7û@<þ6X9`(Courierô¡dþ6X@ɹ`7ûô@ d<þ6X9`(Courier EE·q,CHRONO~1äWŠ3|x4ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝññCHRONOLOGY€FOR€1831€(see€also€nos.€35[?],€73,€85[?],€91,€157,€166)ÌÌà  à98.€Mineralogical€Dictionary,€1831„32€and€early€1833€through€spring€1835,€MS€IVD.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àòòDating€and€sourcesóó.„„Probably€after€cataloging€the€minerals€he€had€collected€during€the€1830€tour€to€theÐ Ð  ÐLakes€(see€no.€86),€Ruskin€got€the€idea€of€writing€ð ðarticlesðð€on€mineralogy,€discussions€of€minerals€based€onÏinformation€culled€from€various€printed€sources€as€well€as€from€what€he€learned€first„hand€at€Matlock,€in€the€LakeÏDistrict,€and€(he€says€in€òòPraeteritaóó)€at€the€British€Museum€(òòWorksóó,€35:121).€The€information€for€these€articles€wasÐ ( x Ðcompiled€and€the€articles€themselves€drafted€in€the€Red€Books,€now€being€recycled€as€workbooks,€and€in€his€ð ðfirstÏsketchbookðð€(1831„32)€(see€nos.€99,€157).€Eventually,€articles€on€individual€minerals€were€fair„copied€and€alphabetizedÏinto€this€grand€Mineralogical€Dictionary,€no.€98.€The€hand€varies€in€density,€often€shrinking€to€a€tortuous€finenessÏand€far€too€many€lines€to€the€inch€for€comfort.€The€consistent€neatness,€however,€shows€that€the€articles€must€alwaysÏhave€been€rough„drafted€first.Ìà  àThe€dictionary€can€be€divided€into€two€parts,€1831„32€and€1833„35.€The€earlier€stage€of€the€dictionary€wasÏalready€underway€by€February€1832,€when€Ruskin€mentions€a€ð ðmineralogical€dictionaryðð€competing€for€time€withÏother€studies€(òòRFLóó,€263)€and€when€a€note€in€MS€IIIA€calculates€the€payment€he€would€receive€from€his€father€forÐ h¸  Ðmineralogical€ð ðarticlesðð€along€with€reward€for€translating€Homer€(the€note€in€MS€IIIA€corroborated€by€the€letter€ofÏFebruary€20,€1832,€which€also€mentions€a€payment€for€the€Homer€[òòRFLóó,€262];€see€also€no.€148).€This€stage€of€theÐ øH  Ðproject€is€probably€represented€in€MS€IVD€by€a€seven„page€description€of€gold,€silver,€iron,€copper,€and€lead,€in€whichÏthe€entries€are€not€alphabetized€(see€part€2,€MS€IVD,€òòhóó€and€òòbóó„òòcóó).Ð ˆØ Ðà  àSome€information€in€this€early€portion€of€the€dictionary€may€have€been€observed€or€collected€by€RuskinÏoutside€of€books,€or€at€least€researched€with€an€eye€to€his€travels.€Knowledge€of€the€silver€mines€of€Capiapo€ArguerosÏcould€have€been€learned€from€the€family€friend,€Dr.€Grant,€after€his€return€from€South€America€in€1830,€carrying€giftsÏof€mineralogical€specimens€for€Ruskin€(see€no.€118b).€Even€closer€to€first„hand€observation,€a€discussion€of€how€aÏgreen€tarn€in€the€Lake€District€is€colored€by€copper€could€have€derived€from€Ruskinððs€tour€of€Wales€in€1831:Ìà0  àIn€one€of€the€chief€ridges€of€Snowdon€.€.€.€there€is€a€very€large€Copper€Mine€€Below€it€lies€a€small€mountainÏtarn€which€is€so€strongly€impregnated€with€copper€that€its€colour€particularly€round€the€edges€is€of€a€deepÏgreen€and€indeed€it€is€commonly€called€the€green€lake€€The€copper€produced€by€this€mine€is€very€pureÐ (#(# ÐSimilarly,€the€1831€tour€could€have€provided€an€anecdotal€account€of€attaining€copper.€Iron€implements€are€loweredÏinto€waters€that€have€dissolved€copper,€and,€over€time,€the€iron€becomes€encrusted€with€copper.€As€becomes€clearerÏwhen€Ruskin€repeats€this€account€later€in€the€dictionary€(see€below),€he€would€have€observed€the€technique€inÏCornwall.€These€gleanings€from€the€familyððs€tour€of€1831€to€western€England€and€Wales,€and€from€Dr.€Grantððs€SouthÏAmerican€travels,€indicate€that€this€earlier€section€of€the€dictionary€was€started€probably€in€1831€and€perhaps€carriedÏthrough€1832,€a€date€that€accords€with€Ruskinððs€memory€in€òòDeucalionóó€that€he€started€the€dictionary€when€he€wasÐ xÈ! Ðtwelve€years€old€(òòWorksóó,€26:97).Ð @" Ðà  àAs€a€confirmation€of€this€date,€the€dictionaryððs€earliest€unalphabetized€entries€are€divided€by€ornamentalÏhorizontal€lines€in€the€style€of€the€dividers€also€used€in€the€Sermon€Books€and€the€òòIliadóó€translation,€which€date€fromÐ Ð $ Ð1832€and€afterward„„i.e.,€double€lines€with€a€heavier€upper€line.€Moreover,€in€the€dictionary,€the€subdivisions€withinÏthe€major€entries€are€divided€by€a€single€line,€thicker€in€the€middle,€an€ornament€also€used€in€the€Sermon€Books.€ThisÏstyle€is€carried€throughout€no.€98.Ìà  àThe€information€in€this€opening€section€of€the€dictionary€that€was€not€personally€observed€was€gathered,€asÏViljoen€found€(HGVP,€box€2,€folder€6),€from€???John€Mawe,€òòFamiliar€Lessons€in€Mineralogy€and€Geologyóó€(3d€ed.,Ð ¸$ ) Ð1821;€9th€ed.,€1828),€and€William€Phillips,€òòAn€Outline€of€Mineralogy€and€Geology,€Intended€for€the€Use€of€ThoseÐ €%Ð * ÐWho€May€Desire€To€Become€Acquainted€with€the€Elements€of€Those€Sciences;€Especially€of€Young€Personsóó€(1816).Ð H&˜!+ ÐFrom€Phillips,€Ruskin€took€verbatim€portions€of€his€main€entries€on€gold,€silver,€iron,€copper,€and€lead,€while€heÏplundered€Mawe€?????€for€his€entries€on€the€compounds€of€these€metals€(e.g.,€hermatitic€or€red€iron€ore,€iron€pyrites,Ïgreen€carbonate€of€copper,€and€so€on).€Ruskinððs€discussions€include€the€search€for€gold€ð ðby€washing€the€sandsÏaccumulated€by€torrents€descending€from€the€mountains€in€Peru€Mexico€and€the€other€states€of€Americaðð;€descriptionsÏof€the€various€commonly€occuring€alloys€of€silver;€and€the€wide€geographical€diffusion€of€iron€and€lead,€and€theirÏcommon€ores.Ìà  àWhy€Ruskin€chose€to€begin€his€dictionary€with€gold,€silver,€iron,€copper,€and€lead€is€not€clear.€PhillipsÏcategorizes€all€mineral€bodies€as€earths,€alkalies,€metals,€or€combustibles.€Ruskin€begins€in€the€middle€of€this€list,€withÏmetals;€and,€even€then,€he€chooses€his€particular€metals€unsystematically.€(Phillips€remarks€[p.€29]€that€gold,€silver,Ïcopper,€iron,€tin,€lead,€and€mercury€were€the€only€metals€known€to€the€ancients,€but€Ruskin€omits€two€of€these.Ð .h)5 ÐPhillips€also€includes€Ruskinððs€metals€in€a€list€of€malleable€metals,€but,€of€those,€Ruskin€omits€six.)€At€least€for€hisÏpurposes€in€this€portion€of€the€dictionary,€Ruskin€is€less€interested€in€the€larger€framework€of€mineralogy€and€geologyÏthan€in€particular€stones„„and€in€precious€metals,€in€particular.Ìà  àIn€December€1832,€Ruskin€was€given€a€work€on€mineralogy€by€Robert€Jameson,€the€òòSystem€of€Mineralogyóó€(3Ð X Ðvols.,€rev.€ed.,€1820).€(Burd€gives€the€title€correctly€in€òòRFLóó,€260€n.€2.€Viljoen,€for€once€misled€by€the€Library€EditionÐ Ð  Ð[see€òòWorksóó,€35:121]€incorrectly€cites€another€work€by€Jameson,€the€òòManual€of€Mineralogyóó€[1821],€which€she€saysÐ ˜è ÐRuskin€ð ðsometimes€copied€verbatim€and€often€closely€paraphrasedðð€[ð ðDating€MSS.€of€Boyhood,ðð€HGVP,€boxes€D.V,ÏE.IX].€Unless€she€merely€confused€the€titles,€she€may€have€been€misled€by€descriptions€in€this€one„volume€work,€whichÏdo€superficially€resemble€entries€in€the€òòSystemóó€up€to€a€point.€The€òòSystemóó€is€unquestionably€Ruskinððs€source,€however,Ð ð @ Ðwhich€Ruskin€copied€verbatim€in€many€places.)€With€Ruskinððs€acquisition€of€Jameson,€his€handsewn€bookletÏcontaining€the€1831„32€material€was€literally€turned€over€and€begun€anew:€the€1831„32€entries€having€taken€up€threeÏleaves€and€the€recto€of€a€fourth,€the€new€entries€are€begun€on€the€verso€of€the€fourth€(see€part€2,€MS€IVD,€òòcóó).Ð H ˜  Ðà  àThe€new€entries€are€heavily€dependent€on€Jameson,€drawing€on€his€precise€terminology.€One€might€questionÏhow€intelligently„„or,€at€least,€how€advantageously„„Ruskin€used€his€source.€He€radically€condenses€JamesonððsÏdescriptions,€and€his€criteria€for€selecting€information€are€not€clear.€In€this€respect,€a€closer€study€of€the€dictionaryÏmight€reveal€gradual€improvement€in€the€thoroughness€of€the€abstracts,€since€in€the€entries€for€the€òòCóós€appear€moreÐ h¸  Ðsubstantial€than€those€for€the€òòAóós.Ð 0€  Ðà  àOne€might€also€question€Ruskinððs€rearrangement€of€the€minerals€as€found€in€his€source.€He€ignoresÏJamesonððs€presumably€sound€classification€according€to€shared€characteristics€(ð ðclassesðð€of€minerals,€e.g.,€ð ðearthyÏminerals,ðð€ð ðsaline€minerals,ðð€ð ðinflammable€minerals,ðð€and€so€on;€and€within€those€classes,€ð ðfamilies,ðð€e.g.,€in€the€classÏof€earthy€minerals,€the€ð ðdiamond€family,ðð€ð ðzircon€family,ðð€ð ðruby€family,ðð€and€so€on).€For€this€òòsystemóó,€as€Jamesonððs€titleÐ P  Ðemphasizes,€Ruskin€substitutes€a€mere€alphabetical€list€of€minerals,€regardless€of€class€and€family.€As€in€the€1831„32Ïportion€of€the€dictionary,€he€appears€more€interested€in€individual€minerals€than€in€the€encompassing€sciences€ofÏmineralogy€and€geology.€His€appproach€is€consistent€with€his€abstracts€of€scientific€works€a€few€years€earlier€(see€no.€3),Ïin€which€he€insists€on€following€his€own€bent,€putting€himself€to€a€great€deal€of€trouble€in€copying€and€arranging,€andÏnot€necessarily€instructively.Ìà  àOne€possible€justification€for€an€alphabetized€list€is€that€Ruskin€could€easily€have€compared€the€list€against€hisÏown€mineral€collection€or€taken€the€list€into€the€field,€but€Jamesonððs€comprehensive€index€would€have€served€the€sameÏpurpose.€A€better€justification€for€the€project€is€for€Ruskin,€not€only€to€have€abstracted€Jameson,€but€also€to€haveÏcollated€information€from€other€sources„„and€the€dictionary€certainly€draws€on€additional€sources,€at€least€by€the€òòBóós,Ð X¨ Ðwhich€includes€a€long€article€on€ð ðbasaltic€pillarsðð€that€is€not€from€Jameson€(see€òòSummaries€and€excerptsóó,€below).€In€theÐ  p ÐòòCóós,€under€the€discussion€of€chalk,€appears,€I€believe,€the€dictionaryððs€first€references€to€òòThe€Magazine€of€NaturalÐ è8 ÐHistoryóó€(vol.€4,€publ.€fall€1831).€(These€references,€incidentally,€help€confirm€the€dates€of€the€dictionary.€Rough€notesÐ °  Ðfor€the€dictionary€in€no.€171€were€likewise€compiled€from€the€magazine€running€up€through€the€fifth€volume,€whichÏwas€acquired,€like€Jamesonððs€òòSystemóó,€in€December€1832.)Ð @" Ðà  àBy€collating€additional€information€in€the€later€portion€of€the€dictionary,€Ruskin€improved€on€theÏrudimentary€entries€he€had€prepared€for€the€earlier€portion.€Thus,€when€his€alphabet€brought€him€around€once€againÏto€ð ðCopper,ðð€he€incorporated€the€example,€quoted€above,€of€the€green€mountain€tarn€below€a€Snowdon€copper€mine,Ïas€well€as€an€earlier€account€of€how€copper€is€collected€in€Cornwall€by€submerging€iron€in€copper€reservoirs.€SinceÏwriting€that€account€based€probably€on€observations€taken€during€the€1831€tour€to€western€England€and€Wales,ÏRuskin€has€gained€eloquence€and€precision.€He€has€also€visited€the€Continent€in€1834€and€complicated€hisÏconclusions:Ìà0  àWhere€water€passes€over€copper€it€becomes€green,€and€is€found€to€hold€in€a€solution€a€considerable€quantity€ÏThus,€on€the€west€side€of€Snowdon,€in€North€Wales,€there€is€a€copper€mine€of€which€the€ore€is€malachite€andÏcopper€pyrites.€A€small€stream€passing€over€two€or€three€of€the€metallic€veins€forms€a€small€lake€near€the€baseÏof€the€mountain,€which€is€perfectly€green€and€presents€a€somewhat€singular€appearance€€Water€however€mayÏappear€green€without€holding€copper€in€solution€and€that€not€merely€when€viewed€in€a€large€expanse,€as€theÏsea€but€actually€coloured.€€Thus€the€water€of€the€Rhine,€flowing€out€of€the€lake€of€Constance,€is€tinged€of€aÏdeep€green,€and€that€of€the€The€Rhone€of€an€indigo€blue,€but€these€are€both€transparent,€so€that€you€may€seeÏthe€bottom€30€feet€below€the€surface,€while€that€of€the€lake€before€mentioned€is€perfectly€opaque,€and€aÏdeadly€poison.€The€green€colouring€matter,€(verdigris)€which€will€appear€on€a€half€penny€if€it€be€let€lie€someÏtime€in€vinegar,€or€even€in€water,€is€a€carbonate€of€copper.€The€purest€copper€is€obtained,€although€in€veryÏsmall€quantity€from€water€which€has€passed€through€a€vein.€Small€reservoirs€are€formed€(by€the€CornwallÏminers)€in€the€bed€of€any€stream€which€they€see€considerably€saturated€with€copper€€Into€these,€any€piece€ofÐ .h)5 Ðold€iron,€a€spade€or€pickaxe€perhaps,€is€thrown€and€left€for€two€or€three€days.€The€copper€is€deposited€on€theÏiron€by€the€water,€and€the€instrument€when€taken€out,€is€found€coated€with€the€very€purest€copper.€This€isÏscraped€off,€and€the€iron€thrown€in€again.Ð (#(# Ðà  àSince€Ruskin€did€not€enjoy€the€benefit€of€a€computer,€incorporating€new€sources€caused€problems€when€heÏencountered€a€discussion€pertaining€to€an€entry€he€had€already€written.€Collation€problems€may€account€for€hisÏcomplaint,€in€March€1835,€that€ð ðmy€Min.€Dic.€has€come€to€a€most€woeful€stickðð€(òòRFLóó,€311).€If€this€remark€signals€theÐ ˜è Ðend€of€the€alphabetized€series,€the€dictionary€was€at€least€temporarily€abandoned€at€a€point€well€into€the€òòCóós,€with€(byÐ ` ° ÐViljoenððs€count)€111€entries€under€òòAóó,€37€under€òòBóó,€and€117€under€òòCóó,€not€counting€cross„references.€Future€plansÐ ( x Ðcompiled€about€this€time€seem€indicated€by€a€new€handsewn€booklet€(see€part€2,€MS€IVD,€òòfóó),€which€includes€a€list€ofÐ ð @ Ðminerals,€starting€in€the€later€òòCóós,€and€continuing€through€the€òòDóós€and€into€the€beginning€of€the€òòFóós.€This€list€is€keyed€toÐ ¸   Ðpages€in€Jameson,€but€it€follows€long€lists€of€references€to€other€works,€possibly€the€òòMagazine€of€Natural€HistoryóóÐ € Ð  Ð(through€vol.€8,€published€in€late€1835)€and€Saussureððs€òòVoyages€dans€les€Alpesóó,€which€Ruskin€acquired€for€his€birthdayÐ H ˜  Ðin€1836?.€In€summary,€then,€having€worked€more€or€less€continuously€on€his€large,€fair„copy,€alphabetized€manuscriptÏbetween€early€1833€(after€the€purchase€of€Jameson)€and€spring€1835€(when€he€reports€a€ð ðstickðð),€and€then€departingÏfor€the€Continental€tour€of€1835,€Ruskin€confronted€the€task€of€incorporating€newly€acquired€sources€in€fall/winterÏ1835„36.€At€this€point,€the€dictionary€was€comprised€of€four€different,€but€roughly€equally€sized,€handsewn€notebooksÏplus€some€loose€folios€(see€part€2,€MS€IVD,€òòc„eóó,€and€òògóó).Ð 0€  Ðà  àIn€an€attempt,€perhaps,€to€overcome€the€practical€difficulty€of€incorporating€new€sources€in€1835„36,€RuskinÏhit€on€the€idea€of€interleaving€blank€leaves€with€the€closely€written€folios€containing€the€òòCóós,€resulting€in€the€large€choirÐ À Ðòògóó€described€in€part€2,€MS€IVD.€Most€of€the€additional€leaves€were€left€blank,€but€on€one€of€them,€Ruskin€added€someÐ ˆØ Ðnotes€on€copper,€which€end€ð ðSee€Page€2€of€manuscript€large€extracts€book€at€the€bottom,€from€ððThe€method€ofÏworkingðð€to€ððoperations.ðððð€This€direction€clearly€corresponds€to€what€I€call€compilation€òòfóó€of€MS€IVD€(see€part€2,€MSÐ h ÐIVD),€the€booklet€that€represents,€I€believe,€the€second€stage€of€the€dictionary€from€about€1835„36.€Thus,€byÏinterleaving€blank€sheets€with€the€leaves€of€the€last€of€the€1833„35€booklets,€Ruskin€was€able€to€cross„reference€theÏearlier€portion€of€the€dictionary€with€the€new€1835„36€compilation.€See€no.€196€for€this€new€booklet,€the€ð ðlargeÏabstracts€book.ððÌà  àòòSummaries€and€excerptsóó.„„The€character€of€the€alphabetized€portion€of€the€dictionary€suggests€roteÐ P Ðmemorization€of€often€rather€dry,€if€precise€information€culled€from€Jameson,€and€the€acquisition€of€classificationÏskills.€Ruskin€thoroughly€describes€the€mineralsðð€physical€properties,€including€color,€texture,€shape€of€crystals€(onlyÏvery€occasionally€diagramed€in€this€portion€of€the€dictionary),€chemical€composition,€and€specific€gravity.€Taste€andÏodor€are€occasionally€mentioned,€and,€where€appropriate,€special€properties€are€discussed,€such€as€the€electricÏproperties€of€amber.€Theories€of€particular€mineralsðð€formation€are€relayed,€Ruskin€sometimes€alluding€toÏcontroversies,€which,€one€suspects,€he€reports€second„hand€and€with€slender€grasp€of€the€issues€at€stake.€Always,€he€listsÏmineralsðð€common€locations,€especially€European€sources.€Whether€drawn€from€personal€field€work€or€from€publishedÏdescriptions,€familiar€locales€seem€especially€cherished:Ìà0  à[Amygdaloide:]€.€.€.€The€trap€rock€of€Derbyshire€is€sometimes€amygdaloidic€€The€trap€and€toadstone€[hereÏRuskin€is€using€regional€minersðð€terms]€commence€at€the€high€tor€near€matlock€bath€continuing€to€the€villageÏof€Matlock€while€on€the€other€side€of€the€river€the€rocks€are€composed€of€limestone..€..€Amygdaloid€forms€aÏlarge€portion€of€the€hills€of€Kinnoul€and€Mancrief€near€Perth€where€it€contains€balls€of€agate€and€amethystÐ (#(# Ðà  àAlong€with€geographical€location,€the€geologic€occurences€of€minerals€are€often€discussed,€sometimes€quiteÏelaborately.€Such€discussions€can€lead€Ruskinððs€imagination€to€be€captured€by€essentially€a€landscape€feature,€althoughÏthe€form€of€the€dictionary€generally€prevents€such€digressions.€Here€is€a€portion€of€Ruskinððs€very€long€discussion„„nearlyÏfour€closely€written,€large€pages„„on€ð ðBasaltic€Pillars.ðð€The€language€suggests€that€the€account€is€copied€largely€verbatimÏfrom€some€source€(not€Jameson).Ìà0  àThese€singular€productions€consist€of€hexangular€joints€of€basalt€one€placed€above€and€accurately€fitted€toÏanother€as€if€formed€by€the€hands€of€a€skilled€workman€forming€pillars€often€very€regular€and€high€andÏextending€to€very€great€distances.€.€.€.€the€noblest€repository€in€the€world€appears€to€be€at€the€giants€causewayÏin€Ireland€and€at€Staffa€one€of€the€western€isles€of€Scotland.€.€.€.€That€it€[the€causeway€in€Ireland]€is€the€workÏof€nature€cannot€be€doubted€by€any€one€who€surveys€the€general€form€of€the€causeway€for€it€is€extremelyÏconfused€and€disuniform€and€there€are€no€traces€of€any€previous€design€in€its€position,€shape,€or€extent€andÏthe€€cliffs€to€the€eastward€exhibit€many€fragments€of€columns€figured€and€jointed€in€all€respects€likeÏthose€of€the€great€causeway€and€a€very€considerable€exposure€of€them€is€seen€in€the€bottom€of€the€bay€whereÏthe€earth€has€evidently€fallen€away€from€them€and€discovered€many€of€these€pentagonal€columns€in€aÏperpendicular€position€supporting€the€cliff€above€€These€from€their€slight€resemblance€to€organ€pipes€haveÐ .h)5 Ðreceived€the€name€of€the€Organs.€.€.€.Ð (#(# ÐThe€account€goes€on€to€describe€the€pillars€on€Staffa,€especially€those€associated€with€Fingalððs€Cave,€including€theirÏprecise€dimensions.€(The€dimensions€of€the€cave€itself€are€also€given.)€Finally,€home€territory€gives€way€to€classical,€withÏð ðthe€rocks€of€the€cyclops€in€the€neighbourhood€of€Etnaðð€and€other€basaltic€deposits€in€the€harbours€at€the€base€of€theÏvolcano.Ìà  àSome€extracts€reveal€that€Ruskin€was€at€least€introducting€himself€to€significant€debates.Ìà0  àFrom€a€comparison€of€the€vegetable€remains€which€accompany€the€deposits€of€Anthracite€in€the€alps€withÏthose€which€characterise€the€coal€formations€[of€Fuveaux]€it€appears€that€a€complete€identity€of€genera,€and€.€.Ï.€of€species€exists€in€each€but€no€relation€can€be€traced€between€those€&€the€remains€found€in€the€lias€&Ïoolitic€formations.€Botany€therefore€in€this€case€leads€to€a€conclusion€almost€directly€opposite€to€that€whichÏhas€been€deduced€from€observations€purely€geological€&€the€study€of€fossil€animals€€The€identity€if€not€theÏclose€analogy€of€plants€found€in€coal€.€.€.€in€all€parts€of€the€globe€.€.€.€leads€us€naturally€to€suppose€that€theÏsame€kind€of€vegetation€existed€over€the€globe€at€the€period€of€the€coal€formationsÐ (#(# Ðà  àLinguistically,€Ruskin€is€expanding€his€vocabulary€for€describing€colors;€for€example,€the€varieties€of€axiniteÏare€listed€as€ð ðclove€brown,€plum€blue,€pearl€grey,€ash€grey,€and€black.ðð€His€listing€of€place€names,€as€locations€forÏminerals,€carries€on€from€earlier€years€his€obsessively€detailed€mapmaking€and€itinerary€planning€for€journeys.€InÏgeneral,€Ruskinððs€language€cleaves€to€an€accepted€scientific€nomenclature,€as€he€learns€to€describe€nature€precisely€andÏsystematically.€When€possible,€however,€he€allows€himself€to€be€captured€by€common€names:Ìà0  à[Agaric]€a€white€milklike€mineral€.€.€.€is€found€adhering€to€various€rocks€somewhat€like€a€fungus€from€whichÏits€name€[agaric€is€also€a€kind€of€fungus€or€mushroom].€.€.€.€it€is€formed€by€water€passing€over€and€throughÏlimestone€rocks€and€afterwards€depositing€in€holes,€fissures,€and€on€faces€of€rocks€the€calcareous€earth€it€hadÏdissolved€in€its€passage.€.€.€.€It€is€sometimes€called€Rock€milk€and€lac€lunae€which€name€is€given€to€it€from€theÏmilky€like€appearance€which€it€presents€in€a€cave€in€Phrygia€which€was€formerly€considered€as€a€fane€of€DianaÐ (#(# ÐAs€suggested€by€the€end€of€the€preceding€account,€mineralogy€gave€Ruskin€access€to€myth.€The€entry€on€cacholong€isÏdevoted€entirely€to€semimythic€naming€and€derivation:Ìà0  à[Cacholong]€is€a€name€given€to€a€variety€of€Opal,€see€[entry€for]€Opal.€.€.€.€The€name€Cacholong€is€by€someÏderived€from€a€supposed€river€in€Bucharia€named€Cach€where€the€mineral€is€said€to€have€been€first€found€butÏas€there€is€no€river€of€that€name€in€Bucharia€.€.€.€other€mineralogists€have€derived€the€name€from€chalong€thatÏis€a€stone,€and€cach€which€signifies€a€pebble€while€Blumembach€says€that€cacholong€is€a€Mongolian€wordÏsignifying€a€beautiful€stoneÐ (#(# ÐMore€scholarly€designations€avail€Ruskin€the€opportunity€to€show€off€his€Latin€and€Greek,€reporting€what€the€ancientsÏcalled€certain€minerals,€how€they€used€the€minerals,€and€where€these€discussions€are€found€in€ancient€literature.€PlinyÏis€consulted€frequently,€although€very€likely€at€second€hand.Ìà  àAs€one€might€expect,€Ruskin€takes€a€miserly€pleasure€in€reporting€statistics€about€the€value€of€spectacularÏspecimens:Ìà0  à[Amber]€masses€of€considerable€size€have€been€met€with€in€the€amber€mines€on€the€coasts€of€the€Baltic€€ThusÏin€the€year€1576€a€piece€of€amber€weighing€11€pounds€was€found€in€Prussia€and€sent€to€Prague€as€a€present€toÏRodolph€2òòndóó€and€a€few€years€ago€a€mass€weighing€upwards€of€13€pounds€and€whose€contents€amounted€toÐ ˜!è% Ð318€5/4€cubic€inches€was€dug€up€in€the€same€country€5000€Dollars€are€said€to€have€been€offered€for€thisÏlatter€mass€€And€the€armenian€Merchants€assert€that€in€constantinople€it€would€sell€for€30,000€or€40,000ÏdollarsÐ (#(# ÐÌà0  àIn€the€royal€Library€of€Paris€there€are€many€fine€engraved€amethysts€€One€of€the€largest€is€that€on€which€isÏrepresented€the€bust€of€Trajan.€.€.€.€it€was€also€when€ornamented€with€figures€of€the€sun€or€moon€used€as€anÏamulet€against€poisonÐ (#(# Ðà  àNote„taking€in€the€Red€Books€and€other€places€appears€identified€with€the€mineralogical€code€that,€RuskinÏsays€in€òòPraeteritaóó,€rendered€his€early€geologizing€unintelligible.€In€fact,€no€code€is€used€in€any€of€the€grand€dictionaryððsÐ  (ð#. Ðentries,€no.€98.€See€no.€99.ÌÌà  à99.€Mineralogy€Notes,€1831(?)„1833,€MS€IVC.€Unpublished.Ìà  àI€have€not€been€able€to€determine€the€source€of€these€notes,€which€do€not€clearly€correspond€with€anyÏmineralogy€text€Ruskin€is€known€to€have€used€but€which€do€read€as€if€copied€from€a€book.€The€notes€cannot,Ïtherefore,€provide€a€lower€date€for€the€sermon€draft,€no.€174,€which€follows€them,€but€must€themselves€be€dated,€as€anÏupper€limit,€by€the€sermon„„which,€from€other€evidence,€appears€about€early€1833.Ð .h)5 Ðà  àMidway€in€the€course€of€these€notes€(i.e.,€after€1831[?]),€Ruskin€begins€to€use€his€mineralogical€shorthandÏcode€ð ðof€many€ingeniously€symbolic€characters,€which€it€took€me€much€longer€to€write€my€descriptions€in,€than€inÏcommon€text,€and€which€neither€I€nor€anybody€else€could€read€a€word€of,€afterwardsðð€(òòWorksóó,€35:121).€Viljoen,Ð @ Ðhowever,€cracked€the€code€with€moderate€effort€and€with€the€help€of€a€surviving€key€in€Ruskinððs€hand,€now€in€theÏMorgan€(PML€MA€2232;€see€HGVP,€box€F).€She€discovered€that€the€symbols€stood€for€constantly€recurrent€words,Ïsuch€as€òòcrystallizedóó,€òòzonedóó,€òòefflorescenceóó,€òòmassiveóó,€òòyellowishóó,€òòwhitishóó,€òòradiatingóó,€and€so€on.€Unlike€the€inscrutableÐ ˜è Ðdocument€that€the€autobiography€leads€one€to€expect,€only€ten€pages€of€these€notes€employ€the€symbols,€which€appearÏwith€increasing€and€then€with€decreasing€frequency€until€they€disappear€in€the€final€entries,€as€though€Ruskin€hadÏtired€of€the€method.Ìà  àThe€code€is€not€used€at€all€in€the€main€project,€the€Mineralogical€Dictionary,€no.€98,€but€only€here€in€part€ofÏno.€99,€in€one€page€of€no.€157,€in€a€few€stray€sheets€(12.5€by€20.5€cm.)€in€the€Morgan€Library€(PML€MA€2232),€and€inÏa€page€of€ð ðdictionaryðð€in€the€Coniston€Museum€that€is€too€small€to€have€been€part€of€the€main€project,€no.€98Ï(reproduced€in€òòWorksóó,€35:121€opp.).€Since€the€shorthand€code€was€intended€only€for€note„taking,€perhaps€RuskinÐ `  Ðimagined€himself€using€it€ð ðin€the€field,ðð€or€it€enabled€him€to€summarize€his€source€texts€more€rapidly.Ìà  àVolume€5€of€òòThe€Magazine€of€Natural€Historyóó€chances€to€contain€an€article€on€ð ðConventional€Signs€toÐ  ð  Ðexpress€Objects€in€Geology€and€Physical€Geographyðð€(pp.€587„88),€which€could€have€suggested€the€code€to€Ruskin,Ïalthough€I€have€no€way€of€proving€this,€since€he€apparently€invented€an€entirely€personal€system€of€symbols.€ThisÏvolume€of€the€magazine€was€acquired€in€December€1832€(òòRFLóó,€260€n.€2),€which€would€confirm€the€date€of€the€notesÐ øH  Ðas€1831„33,€since€Ruskin€takes€up€the€code€in€the€middle€of€the€notes.Ìà  àA€second€differing€key€to€the€code,€expanding€and€revising€PML€MA€2232,€is€included€in€MS€IVD€on€theÏback€of€the€last€part€of€the€dictionary.€Viljoen€dates€this€second€key€as€1832,€certainly€erroneously€since€it€is€placedÏfollowing€an€index€to€mineralogical€references€that€Ruskin€found€in€Saussureððs€òòVoyages€dans€les€Alpesóó,€a€book€heÐ h Ðacquired€in€February€1834€(òòRFLóó,€278);€the€key€also€follows€his€list,€mentioned€above,€of€projected€entries€for€theÐ à0 Ðdictionary€beyond€its€ð ðstickingðð€point€(about€March€1835).€This€code,€then,€which€Viljoen€did€not€find€actuallyÏemployed€in€any€extant€mineralogy€manuscript,€is€a€much€later€version€of€that€used€in€no.€99€and€may€have€served€noÏpractical€purpose.€Still€another€scrap€of€code€is€on€the€back€of€a€piece€of€manuscript€in€MS€IA€for€ð ðCalais,ðð€a€section€ofÏA€Tour€of€the€Continent€of€1833,€no.€180.€If€contemporaneous€with€ð ðCalais,ðð€this€code€would€date€from€late€1833€orÏ1834.€Ruskin€appears€to€have€been€more€interested€in€inventing€codes€than€in€putting€them€to€use.ÌÌà  à100.€ð ðThe€Fairies,ðð€January€5,€MSS€V,€[VI],€PML€(MA€3451).€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:279„80.€Fair„copy€(PML)Ð X¨ Ðmanuscript€reproduced€òòWorksóó,€2:316€opp.Ð  p Ðà  àDated€by€Ruskin€in€MS€V.€The€Morgan€manuscript€is€a€presentation€copy,€presumably€for€New€Yearððs,€but€itÏis€undated.€The€index€to€MS€VI€lists€the€poem€as€having€followed€no.€97€and€preceded€no.€101€in€the€section€nowÏtorn€away.€See€òòWorksóó,€2:316n.€Copytext€from€MS€V.Ð xÈ! ÐÌà@  %ìàTHE€FAIRIESˆÌI€wandered€forth€at€midnightÌAnd€silently€silently€roveÌWhere€the€moonlight€pouredÌOn€the€dewy€swardÌAnd€on€the€elfin€groveÌTwas€a€kind€of€fairy€sceneryÌA€kind€of€airy€dreameryÌSuch€silence€as€I€loveÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌWhen€from€the€wood€around€meÌThe€elfin€circles€skimÌHand€in€handÌThey€join€the€bandÌAnd€in€the€dances€swimÌAnd€there€they€bounded€merrilyÌWhile€sailing€round€me€giddilyÌAnd€breezy€numbers€singÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÐ .h)5 ÐHow€softly€softly€murmuringÌIn€sinking€cadence€lowÌAnd€now€they€seemÌOf€joy€to€singÌAnd€now€to€sing€of€woeÌAs€sweetly€sweetly€whisperingÌThose€carols€greet€me€listeningÌAnd€harmoniously€flowÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌThus€ran€the€song€Ye€fairiesÌNow€swiftly€swiftly€boundÌEre€yet€the€dayÌIn€twilight€greyÌShall€shed€its€light€aroundÌSpring€oer€the€dewdrop€shiveringÌTouch€not€the€grass€blade€quiveringÌWhile€vaulting€from€the€groundÌà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌStill€circling€on€the€green€swardÌExert€your€nimble€feetÌDance€dance€awayÌYe€fairies€gayÌAnd€ply€your€footsteps€fleetÌYe€sprites€ye€elfins€wantoningÌAmongst€the€cowslips€frolickingÌHere€let€your€dances€meetÌÌà  à101.€ð ðLion,ðð€January,€[MS€VI].€Unpublished.Ìà  àNow€lost;€according€to€index€to€MS€VI,€it€once€fell€between€drafts€of€nos.€100€and€102.€Perhaps€this€pieceÏconcerned€the€Newfoundland€guard€dog€named€Lion,€who€bit€and€disfigured€Ruskinððs€lip,€although€this€dogÏpresumably€had€been€sent€away€long€before€1831€(see€òòRuskinððs€Camberwellóó,€10„11).€In€the€1830s,€the€family€dog€wasÐ  p ÐDash€(see,€e.g.,€nos.€77,€112).ÌÌà  à102.€ð ðA€Dirge€for€Nelson,ðð€January€25,€MS€V,€[VI].€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðA€DIRGE€FOR€NELSON.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin€in€MS€V.€Listed€as€ð ðNelsonððs€Dirgeðð€in€index€toÏMS€VI,€it€once€existed€between€nos.€101€and€103€in€part€now€torn€away.Ìà  àIn€1805,€Nelson€fell€at€Trafalgar,€while€smashing€Napoleonððs€naval€forces,€ending€the€threat€of€invasion€toÏEngland.€See€also€no.€156.ÌÌà@’’!ìàA€DIRGE€FOR€NELSONˆÌOòòHóó€why€doth€England€mournÐ ð#@( ÐAnd€why€doth€the€teardrop€fallÌAnd€the€bright€wine€laughingÌNo€longer€quaffingÌAnd€the€goblet€unfilled€in€the€lordly€hallÌAnd€the€white€plumes€waveÌAs€the€dirge€of€the€graveÌIs€sung€for€the€braveÌOer€the€paly€fringed€pallÌà@¶¶)ìàIIˆÌThe€Lord€of€the€sea€is€goneÌOh€then€for€his€fate€let€us€weepÌHe€is€gone€he€is€goneÌTo€his€ocean€homeÐ .h)5 ÐMid€the€waves€of€its€billowy€bosom€to€sleepÌHis€race€is€runÌAs€the€setting€sunÌWhen€the€day€is€doneÌAt€length€dies€away€on€the€deepÌà@››)ìàIIIˆÌThe€vanquished€is€the€victorÌFor€the€victor€he€hath€slainÌAy€let€him€laughÌAnd€the€wine€cup€quaffÌFor€Nelson€shall€never€rise€againÌOh€thou€ocean€urgeÌThy€moaning€surgeÌTo€sing€the€death€dirgeÌFor€the€brave€and€the€good€who€is€slainÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌOh€thou€all„devouring€deathÌThou€canst€not€seize€his€fameÌAnd€although€althoughÌThou€hast€laid€him€lowÌUnblasted€unsullied€òòitóó€eer€shall€remainÐ P  ÐAnd€in€memory€dearÌOn€that€glorious€bierÌFull€many€a€tearÌShall€fall€at€the€sound€of€his€nameÌÌà  à103.€ð ðTo€My€Heart,ðð€January€26,€MS€V,€[VI].€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:79„81;€òòWorksóó,€2:316„17.Ð X Ðà  àDated€by€Ruskin€in€MS€V.€This€is€probably€the€poem€listed€in€the€index€to€MS€VI€as€ð ðHeart,ðð€which€onceÏfollowed€no.€102€and€a€draft€portion€of€ð ðIteriadðð€(presumably€a€part€of€book€3€or€the€beginning€of€book€1),€in€the€partÏof€MS€VI€torn€away.Ìà  àThe€poem€possibly€responds€to€Wordsworthððs€ð ðMy€heart€leaps€up€when€I€behold,ðð€one€of€the€poems€ofÏð ðChildhood€and€Early€Youthðð€in€the€1827€five„volume€òòPoetical€Worksóó€of€Wordsworth€(the€edition€probably€used€byÐ ð@ Ðthe€Ruskins€in€the€1830s€[òòNCóó€108„9]).€If€so,€Ruskinððs€poem€engages€Wordsworthððs€ð ðnatural€pietyðð€in€a€dialog€with€aÐ ¸  Ðmore€ominous€awareness€of€mortality.Ìà  àRuskinððs€fair€copy€is€completely€unpunctuated;€all€lines€are€flush€left,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations.€HeÏdid€begin€each€line€with€capitals,€and€he€centered€stanza€numbers€(no€number€ð ð1ðð).€In€Ruskinððs€unpunctuated€fairÏcopy,€the€two€voices€are€more€difficult€to€distinguish€than€in€the€edited€version.€òòWorks,€stz.€4,€l.€3,óó€oh]€Oh€òòMS€Vóó.Ð Ø ($ ÐÌà  à104.€ð ðGreek,ðð€late€January,€[MS€VI].€Unpublished.Ìà  àNow€lost;€according€to€index€to€MS€VI,€it€was€written€between€nos.€103€and€107€in€the€part€now€torn€away.ÏEarly€1831€is€when€Ruskin€begins€mentioning€Greek€lessons€also€in€his€letters€(see,€e.g.,€òòRFLóó,€227,€253),€tutoring€heÐ ø#H( Ðwas€receiving€from€Reverend€Andrews.ÌÌà  à105.€ð ðWeep€for€the€Dead,ðð€January€28,€MSS€V,€[VI].€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àDated€in€Ruskinððs€or€Margaretððs€hand€in€MS€V;€according€to€index€to€MS€VI,€it€was€once€on€the€same€page€asÏno.€104.ÌÌà@¦¦"ìàWEEP€FOR€THE€DEADˆÌLet€the€dead€be€mourned€let€the€dead€be€weptÌWho€are€gone€to€their€long€last€sleepÌFor€the€flowers€which€time€away€hath€sweptÌWeep€for€the€dead€Oh€weepÌWeep€for€the€young€&€weep€for€the€oldÐ X-¨(4 ÐWeep€for€the€fate€of€the€gallant€&€boldÌLet€fall€the€tear€and€breathe€forth€the€sighÌFor€those€who€have€entered€eternityÌWeep€for€the€dead€Oh€weepÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌWeep€for€the€dead€for€those€that€dieÌImmerged€in€the€raging€deepÌAnd€bubbling€forth€the€convulsive€sighÌWeep€for€the€dead€Oh€weepÌWeep€for€the€maiden€whose€sparkling€eyeÌAnd€hectic€cheek€foredoom€her€to€dieÌWeep€for€those€whoððre€returning€neverÌWeep€for€those€who€are€gone€for€everÌWeep€for€the€dead€oh€weepÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌWeep€for€the€dead€whom€the€grave€doth€waitÌAll€yawning€and€narrow€and€deepÌWeep€for€thine€own€fast€coming€fateÌWeep€for€the€dead€Oh€weepÌCast€on€the€coffin€the€clayey€clodÌSprinkle€with€flowers€the€sacred€sodÌAnd€water€those€flowers€with€tears€and€mournÌFor€those€from€thy€clasping€bosom€tornÌWeep€for€the€dead€oh€weepÌÌà  à106.€ð ðGhost€of€Old€English€Roast€Beef,ðð€between€February€1830€and€February/March€1831,€or€possiblyÏspecifically€either€late€January€or€late€April,€1831,€[MS€VI].€Unpublished.Ìà  àThis€title€is€listed€without€a€page€number€in€the€index€to€MS€VI,€but€it€presumably€was€composed€within€theÏperiod€covered€by€the€section€of€manuscript€torn€away€(February€1830€through€February/March€1831).€It€is€possibleÏthat€Ruskin€meant€the€page€reference€for€ð ðGreek,ðð€the€preceding€index€entry,€to€apply€also€to€ð ðGhost,ðð€and€therefore€IÏhave€placed€it€here€with€nos.€104„5€(late€January).€Alternatively,€Ruskinððs€index€entry€may€have€referred€to€the€subjectÏof€a€few€lines€of€the€ð ðIteriad,ðð€no.€91,€that€Ruskin€was€approaching€after€April€22:€ð ðStraight€(not€like€sad€Hector,€thatÏpoor,€gory€chief)€/€Appeared€the€glad€ghost€of€roast€mutton€and€beefðð€(bk.€2:551„52).€But€since€these€lines€form€part€ofÏthe€draft€of€ð ðIteriadðð€missing€from€MS€VI,€probably€lost€with€torn€folios€(see€no.€91),€the€index€entry€can€only€point€toÏð ðghosts,ðð€after€all.€Perhaps€Ruskin€was€playing€a€joke;€see€the€discussion€of€the€index€vis„„vis€missing€folios€in€theÏdescription€of€MS€VI€in€part€2.ÌÌà  à107.€ð ðGoing€to€Covent€Garden€Theatre€To€See€the€ð ð100€Note€&€Harlequin€Fat€and€Harlequin€Bat,ðð€JanuaryÏ28,€MSS€V,€[VI].€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðGOING€TO€COVENT€GARDEN€THEATRE€/€to€see€/€òòTHE€ð ð100€NOTE€&€HARLEQUIN€FAT€ANDÐ (#x' ÐHARLEQUIN€BATóó.ðð€Dated€by€Ruskin€in€MS€V.€This€is€probably€ð ðTheatre,ðð€listed€in€the€index€to€MS€VI€as€following€nos.Ð ð#@( Ð104„5€in€the€section€now€torn€away.€The€poem€gives€a€fascinating€glimpse€into€a€special€eveningððs€entertainment€forÏthe€entire€family„„the€dressing€and€preparations,€carriage€ride€into€town,€crowding€in€the€theater,€the€play€and€comicÏpantomime,€and€a€late€dinner€at€home.Ìà  àThe€Ruskinsðð€evangelicalism€did€not€prevent€them€from€enjoying€theatrical€performances€any€more€than€itÏchecked€their€novel„reading.€Ruskin€had€been€taken€to€the€theater€earlier€than€the€occasion€described€here,€at€least€asÏearly€as€1830,€when€he€and€his€father€saw€Macready€in€Birmingham€and€were€sophisticated€enough€to€walk€out€on€aÏbad€performance€(òòTLCóó,€31,€66€n.€25)òòóó.€Here€at€a€Covent€Garden€theater,€we€find€the€women€in€attendance,€as€well„„ifÐ h)¸$/ Ðfretful€about€their€clothing.€Later,€as€a€student€at€Oxford,€Ruskin€would€debate€at€the€Union€in€support€of€the€moralÏinfluence€of€theater„going€(òòWorksóó,€1:xxxiv).Ð ø*H&1 ÐÌà@ï ï ìàGOING€TO€COVENT€GARDEN€THEATREˆÌà@22'ìàto€seeˆÌà@î î ìàòòTHE€ð ð100€NOTE€&€HARLEQUIN€FAT€AND€HARLEQUIN€BATóóˆÐ .h)5 ÐòòHUZZAóó€huzza€here€bring€my€cloakÐ ° ÐAnd€tie€well€my€cravatÌAnd€button€to€my€neck€my€coatÌAnd€brush€right€well€my€hatÌNow€have€a€careÌJohn€you€sit€thereÌHere€No€no€WhereÌOh€maam€I€beg€your€pardonÌI€hope€there€is€no€harm€doneÌBut€that€ere€bonnetÌFie€upon€itÌIs€so€tremendous€largeÌThat€I€in€the€bustleÌDid€give€it€a€tustleÌSing€faldera€laldera€laldera€lolÌFol€lol€de€riddle€lolÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌNow€here€we€go€what€a€fine€nightÌPull€up€that€other€glassÌThese€oil„lamps€give€a€shocking€lightÌBut€here€doth€come€the€gasÌWhat€a€fine€flareÌAy€but€look€thereÌIn€the€open€airÌThat€is€much€higherÌDont€you€admireÌThat€doctors€windowÌAll€red€and€yellowÌWhat€bottles€beautifulÌAnd€look€at€thisÌWhat€a€fine€city€tisÌSing€faldera€&cÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌOh€lawkadaisy€what€is€thatÌA€bill€best€put€your€hat€onÌWhat€house€Adelphi€sir€€Hey€whatÌOh€no€itððs€not€the€right€unÌHurra€hurraÌHere€we€areÌHere€up€this€stairÌNow€for€the€playÌThis€way€this€wayÌNumber€nine€I€know€sirÌPlease€step€to€the€front€row€sirÌNow€shut€the€doorÌJohn€do€sit€downÌAnd€mind€my€gownÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌNow€hark€to€the€music€tis€so€very€fineÌHow€dreadfully€loud€they€do€play€sirÌWell€if€thats€your€opinion€I€know€tis€not€mineÌFor€they€scrape€in€a€masterly€way€sirÌOh€what€a€fine€turnÌI€wish€theyððd€be€doneÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€lets€have€some€funÌPull€up€the€curtain€greenÌDear€me€theres€an€innÌWho€are€you,€you€old€buckÌWith€your€hat€aside€stuckÌAnd€what€are€you€sayingÌHe€anððt€willingÌTo€give€for€pap€a€shillingÌà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌBut€let€the€play€be€pastÌIt€takes€up€such€a€timeÌAnd€now€here€comes€at€lastÌThe€joyous€pantomimeÌWhat€have€they€got€thereÌClown€have€a€careÌWell€I€declareÌI€saw€such€a€thing€neverÌThats€very€cleverÌBeware€of€your€backÌOh€what€a€whackÌOh€what€a€toadÌI€hate€all€the€breedÌDo€you€indeedÌà@ÂÂ*ìà6ˆÌBut€what€a€crowd€and€tustlingÌIs€when€they€all€are€goingÌAnd€such€a€noise€and€bustlingÌSuch€shouting€and€halloingÌSir€do€you€want€a€hackney€prayÌA€gig€sir€or€a€cabrioletÌI€want„„What?€You€to€get€awayÌHere€coachy€here€let€down€the€stepÌNow€mind€maam€for€tis€hugeous€wetÌAnd€here€my€man€do€drive€home€quickÌFor€we€are€all€almost€asleepÌAnd€now€what€did€you€think€oftÌOh€sir€I€liked€it€most€excessivelyÌWell€sir€youððve€said€so€most€expressivelyÌWith€that€approving€nodÌà@ÂÂ*ìà7ˆÌAnd€then€how€comfortable€that€isÌWhen€we€sit€down€to€supperÌOer€tarts€puffs€ham€and€oyster€pattiesÌMilk€cheese€and€bread€and€butterÌSuch€kind€inquiries€fly€aroundÌWith€such€a€sweety€sleepy€soundÌAnd€How€dye€do€dye€do€dye€doÌAnd€John€my€boy€too€how€are€youÌEh€Maam€Ah€What€I€beg€your€pardonÌJohn€how€can€you€so€dreamy€beÌMe€dreamy€maam€did€you€mean€meÌI€dreamt€not€maam€tis€a€mistakeÌFor€dreams€I€was€too€sound€asleepÌSing€faldera€laldera€laldera€lolÐ .h)5 ÐFol€lol€de€riddle€lolÌÌà  à108.€Rhymed€Letter€to€His€Father€(ð ðThen€mamma€says€its€wasting€my€timeðð),€March€6,€MS€XI.€QuotedÏòòWorksóó,€2:xxxii.€Printed€òòRFLóó,€233„35.Ð X Ðà  àDate€corrected€by€Burd€to€1831€from€1830€(as€dated€in€òòWorksóó,€2:xxxii,€536).€See€òòRFLóó,€235€n.€1,€where€BurdÐ Ð  Ðfails€to€note,€however,€that€Ruskin€himself€made€the€dating€error€in€the€autograph€original.€The€error€may€have€beenÏno€coincidence,€since€the€letter€asks,€ð ðMay€I€not€employ€my€brain€/€In€calling€past€delights€againðð€(òòRFLóó,€234).Ð ` ° ÐÌà  à109.€ð ðTo€Poesie,ðð€March€11„12,€MSS€V,€VI,€X.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:82„83;€òòWorksóó,€2:318„19.Ð ð @ Ðà  àDated€March€11€by€Ruskin€in€MS€V;€in€MS€VI€follows€draft€for€books€1€and€2€of€ð ðIteriad,ðð€which€Ruskin€saysÏhe€had€reached€by€March€6€(òòRFLóó,€233;€see€no.€91).€Entitled€ð ðPoesieðð€in€MS€VI,€and€ð ðTo€Poesieðð€in€MSS€V,€X.Ð € Ð  Ðà  àThe€ode€may€be€a€stubborn€comment€on€the€criticism,€reflected€in€no.€108,€that€Ruskin€was€spending€tooÏmuch€time€writing€poetry.€The€poem€is€probably€also€the€ð ðlinesðð€that€Margaret€refers€to€in€a€letter€of€March€12€to€JohnÏJames:€ð ðLast€night€as€John€was€going€to€bed€some€of€your€musical€friends€came€to€the€gate€and€began€playing€veryÏsweetly€€€John€sent€down€to€beg€I€would€not€send€them€away€€€he€was€so€delighted€I€indulged€him€by€letting€them€playÏa€few€times€and€this€morning€he€repeated€the€lines€on€the€other€side€inspired€he€said€by€the€musicðð€(òòRFLóó,€245).€BurdÐ h¸  Ðmentions€no€ð ðlinesðð€accompanying€this€letter;€however,€a€copy€of€no.€109€in€the€box€ð ðMiscellaneous€Manuscriptsðð€atÏthe€Beinecke€(see€part€2,€MS€X)€appears€to€be€cut€from€a€letter€and€includes€the€remark€(in€Margaretððs€hand?)€ð ðI€amÏsorry€this€is€no€better€.€.€.€but€my€pen€was€bad€&€I€could€not€make€it€better.ðð€Ruskinððs€date€attached€to€the€MS€V€fairÏcopy€would€refer€to€the€nocturnal€experience,€not€to€the€poemððs€composition€the€following€day.€See,€however,€no.€110Ïfor€another,€albeit€less€likely,€candidate€for€Ruskinððs€ð ðmusical€friendsðð€poem.Ìà  àThe€MS€V€fair€copy,€from€which€the€printed€versions€are€taken,€is€completely€unpunctuated;€all€lines€are€flushÏleft,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations.€Ruskin€did€begin€each€line€with€capitals€(and€second€ð ðOhðð€capitalized,€stz.€1,€l.Ï1)€and€center€stanza€numbers€II,€III,€IIII,€V€(no€numbering€of€I).Ìà  àMargaretððs(?)€MS€X€fair€copy€is€very€similar€to€MS€V,€except€stanzas€are€unnumbered.€Several€ending€andÏbeginning€words€lost€with€charring€of€manuscript.€Other€variants€from€MS€V:Ìà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€4,€l.€5óó€lyre]€Lyre€òòMS€XóóÐ P Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€4,€l.€7óó€listening]€listning€òòMS€XóóÐ È Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€5,€l.€3óó€lightnings]€lightenings€òòMS€Xóó€Ð à Ðà  àIf€the€MS€VI€version€is€the€earlier,€original€draft,€it€shows€mostly€minor€variants€from€the€MSS€V€and€XÏversions,€and€matches€the€spelling€variants€of€MS€V„„not€those€in€his€motherððs(?)€copy.€MS€VI€version€not€divided€intoÏstanzas;€completely€unpunctuated,€and€only€initial€letters€of€lines€capitalized.€Other€variants€from€MS€V:Ìà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€1,€l.€1óó€thou€Oh]€thou€oh€òòMS€VIóóÐ °  Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€1,€l.€2óó€Thou]€òòThouóó€òò(underlined,€MS€VI)óóÐ xÈ! Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€2,€l.€2óó€Thou€art]€òòThou€artóó€òò(underlined,€MS€VI)óóÐ @" Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€2,€l.€3óó€Thou€art]€òòThou€artóó€òò(underlined,€MS€VI)óóÐ  X# Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€3,€l.€3óó€Thou€art]€òòThourartóó€òò(sic,€underlined€in€MS€VI)óóÐ Ð $ Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€3,€l.€4óó€[Wide(?)]€òòoróó€[While(?)]€òòoverwritten€byóó€[And(?)]€òòMS€VIóóÐ ˜!è% Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€4,€l.€4óó€Then€thou€then€thou]€Then€thou€òòthen€thouóó€òò(underlined,€MS€VI)óóÐ `"°& Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€4,€l.€9óó€As€pure€as€high€as€they]€Pure€as€high€as€they€òòMS€VIóóÐ (#x' Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€5,€l.€6óó€Upon€its€angry€wing]€Upon€€their€angry€wing€òòMS€VI,€a€reading€taken€by€Collingwood,Ð ð#@( Ðcorrected€as€if€an€error€by€Cook€and€Wedderburn€(see€Works,€2:319€n.)óóÐ ¸$ ) Ðà  àòòMS€V,€stz.€5,€l.€8óó€€And€notes€of€woe€and€notes€of€dread]€And€notes€of€dread€and€notes€of€dread€òòMS€VIóóÐ €%Ð * ÐÌà  à110.€ð ðTo€the€Wind,ðð€March€12,€MS€V,€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðTO€THE€WIND.ðð€There€is€a€slight€possibility€that€this€ode€could€be€the€ð ðlinesðð€mentioned€byÏMargaret€in€a€letter€of€the€same€date€(see€no.€109),€since€no.€110€is€dated€12€March€1831€(corrected€from€[21(?)]ÏMarch;€the€hand,€however,€is€not€Ruskinððs,€and€may€not€be€contemporaneous€with€the€poem).€Also€in€MS€VI,€a€handÏresembling€Margaretððs€(certainly€not€Ruskinððs)€dated€the€poemððs€draft€as€ð ðMarch€12th,ðð€and€ð ð1831ðð€was€added€inÏpencil.€However,€as€a€brief€apostrophe€to€the€wind,€this€poem€seems€irrelevant€to€the€imaginative€experience€describedÏin€the€note€to€no.€109.€The€rebellion€expressed€in€the€poem€is€possibly€more€closely€related€to€the€feelings€in€no.€108.Ìà  àIn€MS€VI€the€poem€follows€no.€109.€Copytext€from€MS€V.€The€MS€VI€draft€is€very€rough€and€entirelyÏunpunctuated.ÌÐ .h)5 Ðà@ÆÆ%ìàTO€THE€WINDˆÌO€do€not€kick€up€such€a€riotÌOur€chimney€tops€amongÌA€moment€cannot€you€be€quietÌCant€you€hold€your€tongueÌO€no€I€cantÌAnd€no€I€shantÌAnd€that€Iððll€make€you€know€sirÌAnd€if€I€pleaseÌIððll€be€at€easeÌAnd€if€I€like€Iððll€blow€sirÌÌBut€you€will€blow€our€windows€inÌAnd€tear€down€all€our€trees€sirÌFor€that€I€do€not€care€a€pinÌIððll€do€so€if€I€please€sirÌWhat€dont€you€mindÌYou€naughty€windÌThen€I€will€not€mind€too€sirÌSo€if€you€pleaseÌAgree€in€thisÌI€will€not€care€for€you€sirÌÌà  àòòLine€6,€MS€Vóó€shant]€shout„„€òòMS€VI,€but€the€hand€is€very€rough€and€could€be€readóó€shant„„Ð ¨ø Ðà  àòòSecond€stz.€numberedóó€2€òòin€MS€VIóóÐ pÀ Ðà  àòòLine€20,€MS€Vóó€will]€do€òòMS€VIóóÐ 8ˆ ÐÌà  à111.€ð ðOn€the€Want€of€a€Subject,ðð€March€12„21,€MSS€V,€VI.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:84„86;€òòWorksóó,€2:320„21.Ð È Ðà  àTitle€written€ð ðWANT€OF€A€SUBJECTðð€in€MS€V;€ð ðOn€the€want€of€a€subjectðð€in€MS€VI.Ìà  àòòDatingóó.„„ð ðI€think€I€have€been€writing€about€writing€about€nothing€as€I€have€been€writing€a€poem€upon€theÐ X¨ Ðwant€of€a€subject,ðð€Ruskin€tells€his€father€on€March€21€(òòRFLóó,€252).€Undated€in€MS€V,€but€the€draft€in€MS€VI€fallsÐ  p Ðbetween€draft€for€book€2,€lines€401„26,€of€no.€91€(which€in€turn€follows€no.€110)€and€nos.€112„13.€(See€no.€119€for€no.Ï111,€along€with€several€other€poems€in€MS€VI,€being€copied€into€MS€V€about€late€June.)Ìà  àòòSourcesóó.„„Cook€and€Wedderburn€(òòWorksóó,€2:320€n.€1)€suggest€the€influence€of€Hood,€but€Byronððs€òòDon€Juanóó€isÐ xÈ! Ða€probable€source,€as€well.ÌÌ[MS€V]à@ÀÀ"ìàWANT€OF€A€SUBJECTˆÐ Ð $ ÐI€want€a€thing€to€write€uponÌBut€I€cannot€find€oneÌAnd€I€have€wanted€one€so€longÌThat€I€must€write€on„„NoneÌÌI€think€of€speeches€to€the€seaÌIts€colour€azure€blueÌAnd€all€its€moaning€minstrelsyÌThat€ant€it€that€wont€doÌÌI€think€of€speeches€to€the€groundÌAnd€all€its€flowers€tooÌAnd€all€the€treasures€in€it€foundÌThat€ant€it€That€wont€doÌÌI€think€of€speeches€to€the€skyÌIts€far€expanse€so€blueÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€all€its€starry€majestyÌThat€ant€it€that€wont€doÌÌI€think€of€Saturdays€dread€nightÌIts€apparatus€tooÌBesides€its€bason€blue€and€whiteÌThat€ant€it€that€wont€doÌÌThink€of€the€poultry€how€the€cockÌToððs€dames€the€morsel€threwÌHow€to€the€dainty€bit€they€flockÌThat€ant€it€that€wont€doÌÌThough€many€many€many€a€thingÌDoth€flit€my€brain€aboutÌAs€quickly€as€they€scamper€inÌSo€quickly€theyððre€kicked„„outÌÌAnd€following€thoughts€on€thoughts€so€fleetÌBut€still€none€of€them€suitÌAnd€I„„I€am€almost€asleepÌAnd€still€my€muse€is€muteÌÌAnd€lest€she€urge€her€airy€flightÌFrom€my€so€drowsy€brainÌUpon€no€subject€I€will€writeÌThat€so€she€may€remainÌÌà  àòòTextual€notesóó.„„In€MS€VI,€but€not€MS€V,€stanzas€numbered€by€Ruskin,€starting€with€stanza€2.€MS€VI€containsÐ à Ðone€more€stanza€than€does€MS€V.€As€compared€with€the€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€neither€of€Ruskinððs€copies€indentsÐ X¨ Ðstanzas.€The€MS€V€fair€copy,€as€compared€with€òòWorksóó,€is€punctuated€only€with€a€dash€in€line€4,€apostrophe€in€line€22,Ð  p Ðapostrophe€and€dash€in€line€28,€and€dash€in€line€31.€Only€punctuation€in€MS€VI:€apostrophe€in€line€22.Ìà  àCapitalization€in€òòWorksóó€agrees€with€MSS€V€and€VI,€except€Ruskin€has€no€small€capitals€in€line€1,€and,€in€MSÐ °  ÐV,€he€capitalizes€ð ðNoneðð€(line€4),€and€second€ð ðThatðð€(line€12);€and,€in€MS€VI,€he€capitalizes€second€ð ðThatðð€(lines€8,Ï16),€and€ð ðHowðð€(line€21).Ìà  àòò1,€PJRóó€I€ññññññÔ‡íhõõÔÔ‡0õLÃõõõÔññññññWANTññññññÔ#†0õLÃõ0¾+ô½#ÔññññññññÔ‡ô¬ÚõõõÔññññññññÔ#†ô¬Úõõ0ôLÃ1¾#ÔññññññññÔ‡0õLÃõõõÔññññññ€a€thing€to€write€upon,]€I€want€€a€thing€to€write€€upon€òòMS€VI,€withóó€a€òòandóóÐ  X# Ðupon€òòwritten€in€ink€by€Ruskin€aboveóó€thing€òòandóó€€òòrespectivelyóóÐ Ð $ Ðà  àòò3,€PJRóó€And]€&€òòMS€VIóóÐ ˜!è% Ðà  àòò10,€PJRóó€And€all€its€flowers€too,]€€And€all€its€flowers€too€òòMS€VI,€with€theÐ `"°& Ðdeleted€line€a€repetition€of€the€first€line€of€the€stanzaóóÐ (#x' Ðà  àòò11,€PJRóó€treasures€in€it]€treasures€€in€it€òòMS€VI,€withóó€in€it€òòwritten€in€pencil€above€deletion,€probablyÐ ð#@( Ðby€John€JamesóóÐ ¸$ ) Ðà  àòò14,€PJRóó€far]€fair€òòMS€VIóóÐ €%Ð * Ðà  àòò19,€PJR,€Worksóó€Beside]€Besides€òòMSS€V,€VIóóÐ H&˜!+ Ðà  àòò25„28,€PJR,€Works,€in€MS€VI€onlyóóÐ '`", ÐI€think€of€New€Years€day€repleteÌWith€joys€and€pleasures€newÌWhen€parties€gay€with€parties€meetÌThat€ant€it€that€wont€doÌà  àòò25,€PJRóó€New„Yearððs„day,]€Newyearsday€òòMS€VIóóÐ ø*H&1 Ðà  àòò27,€PJRóó€When€parties€gay€with€parties€meet„„]€And€When€parties€gay€to€with€parties€[sweet(?)€òòoróó€meet(?)]€òòMSÐ À+'2 ÐVI,€withóó€When€òòandóó€with€òòwritten€in€pencil,€probably€by€John€James,€aboveóó€And€òòandóó€to€òòrespectively,€but€with€noÐ ˆ,Ø'3 Ðdeletions€indicated.€Collingwoodððs€interpretation€of€the€final€word€asóó€meet€òòshould€be€regarded€as€conjectural.óóÐ P- (4 Ðà  àbrain€in€MS€VÐ .h)5 Ðà  àòò32,€PJRóó€So€quickly€theyððre€kicked€out!]€As€quickly€are€kicked€out€òòMS€VI,€withóó€[theyre(?)]€òòwritten€in€pencil,Ð ° Ðprobably€by€John€James,€over€top€ofóó€areÐ xÈ Ðà  àòò39,€PJRóó€òònoóó]€no€òòMS€VIóóÐ @ ÐÌà  à112.€ð ðTo€Dash€Howling,ðð€March€12„21,€probably€March€21,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðTo€dash€howling,ðð€with€ð ðTo€dashðð€in€ink,€but€ð ðhowlingðð€added€in€pencil.€The€addition€appearsÏto€have€been€made€by€Ruskin€himself,€although€the€writing€might€conceivably€be€his€fatherððs.Ìà  àSee€no.€111,€which€this€poem€follows,€for€dating€by€placement.€More€specifically,€an€incident€on€March€21,ÏDashððs€ð ðhowling€when€he€was€chainedðð€(òòRFLóó,€253),€may€have€given€occasion€for€the€poem.Ð ø H ÐÌà@ÇÇ#ìàTo€dash€howlingˆÌOh€what€do€you€want€to€do€sirÌI€do€not€like€such€funÌOh€Ill€come€and€settle€you€sirÌIll€make€you€hold€your€tongueÌPut€down€your€head€I€say€sirÌDont€howl€in€such€a€way€sirÌWhy€Dash€youll€make€me€melancholyÌAlthough€it€is€such€hugeous€follyÌÌà  àòò1,€MS€VIóó€Oh€what€do€you€want€to€do€sir€òòwhich€is€certainly€Ruskinððs€correction,Ð X¨ Ðnot€his€fatherððs,€and€written€in€the€same€color€ink€as€the€originalóóÐ  p ÐÌà  à113.€ð ðOh€dear,€the€Feminine€Gender,ðð€March€21,€MS€VI.€Quoted€òòRGIóó,€139.€Published€here€in€entirety€forÐ ° Ðfirst€time.Ìà  àDated€by€Ruskin.€See€no.€114€for€placement€in€MS€VI.ÌÌOh€dont€touch€my€cap€sirÌMy€net€or€my€laceÌO€pray€dont€do€that€sirÌYou€must€not€embraceÌYour€loves€very€kind€sirÌand€meant€for€the€bestÌBut€Iððd€rather€forego€itÌIndeed€I€protestÌOh€dear€the€feminine€genderÌOh€dear€the€feminine€genderÌTheir€ruffles€Ive€cause€to€rememberÌAnd€caps€of€the€feminine€genderÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌWith€the€silk€and€the€satinÌThe€blond€and€the€bonnetsÌKeep€love€at€a€distanceÌWhenever€they€don€itÌThat€bonnet€so€hugeÌCant€get€into€the€coach€sirÌAnd€velvet€cloak€claspedÌWith€an€emerald€broach€siròò1óóÐ p)À$/ ÐO€dear€&cÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌThen€ordering€the€carriageÌTo€London€they€goÌTo€buy€some€new€edgingÐ X-¨(4 ÐFrom€Urlings€and€CosÌOr€to€the€emporiumòò2óóÐ xÈ ÐWhere€much€much€is€shownÌBut€they€finish€with€buyingÌSome€Eau€de€CologneÌO€dear€&cÌÌà  àòò1óóSee€the€1825€portrait€of€Margaret€by€James€Northcote,€frequently€reproduced,€for€her€high„waisted€RegencyÐ ( x Ðgown€with€pelisse€and€elaborate€cap.€By€the€1830s,€richer€and€heavier€velvet€and€silk€was€replacing€the€Regency€thinÏmuslin,€and€more€ornament€was€worn€(Daniel€Pool,€òòWhat€Jane€Austen€Ate€and€Charles€Dickens€Knewóó€[New€York:Ð ¸   ÐSimon€and€Schuster,€1993),€213„14).€òòBlondóó„„silk€lace€(òòOEDóó).Ð € Ð  Ðà  àòò2óóHere€Ruskin€notated€ð ðContòòdóó€on€p€81ðð;€see€MS€VI,€ð ðContent,ðð€òòbóó,€and€no.€119.€òòUrlings€and€Cosóó„„Ð H ˜  Ðidentification€to€come;€òòemporiumóó„„identification€to€come.Ð `  ÐÌà  à114.€ð ðThe€Doctors,ðð€about€March€21,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðThe€doctors.ðð€Undated€but€positioned€in€a€break€in€the€third€stanza€of€no.€113,€which€is€datedÏat€the€end€of€the€poem€ð ð21st€March€1831.ðð€No.€113,€ð ðFeminine€Gender,ðð€is€composed€through€its€third€stanza,€line€5,Ïto€the€bottom€of€p.€78,€MS€VI,€where€Ruskin€noted€ð ðContòòdóó€on€p€81.ðð€Since€no.€114,€ð ðThe€Doctors,ðð€follows€at€the€topÐ øH  Ðof€p.€79,€it€cannot€be€ascertained€whether€Ruskin€paused€in€the€middle€of€composing€no.€113€on€March€21€to€writeÏno.€114€or€whether€he€wrapped€no.€113€around€no.€114€and€a€few€other€pieces€(see€nos.€115„16)€that€already€occupiedÏpp.€79„80.€Supporting€a€slightly€earlier€date€for€no.€114€is€a€visit€by€Dr.€Grant€to€Margaret€and€John€on€10€MarchÏ(òòRFLóó,€245).Ð h Ðà  àThe€ð ðamputatedðð€verse€may€refer€to€Margaretððs€attempt€ð ðto€stop€[Ruskinððs]€rhyming,ðð€which€drew€RuskinððsÏsarcastic€response€in€no.€108€(see€also€nos.€109„13).€Illness€might€also€have€reined€in€Ruskinððs€writing.ÌÌà@cc%ìàThe€doctorsˆÌThe€doctors€operationsÌMost€sad€my€verse€attestsÌWith€demi€amputationsòò1óóÐ à ÐAnd€all€the€other€[pests(?)]ÌWith€their€dread€sacrificationsÌMost€uninvited€guestsÌFor€cutting€off€a€leg€sirÌDont€care€a€pin€for€that€ÌBut€only€cry€[(?)]€sirÌWhat€mind€a€little€hackÌDose€you€with€physic€which€tis€knownÌS€enoughòò2óó€to€make€you€ill€aloneÐ ˜!è% ÐSo€inky€all€the€bitter€trash€isÌWith€senna€slopsòò3óó€and€castor€[(?)]Ð (#x' ÐSing€hack€and€hew€&€lancetÌPrick€and€press€and€pierce€itÌStitch€an€salve€and€dress€itÌDoctorinahoÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌWhen€the€night€winds€blew€hoarse€sirÌAnd€drearily€they€boomÌTo€the€churchyards€they€force€sirÌThe€precincts€of€the€tombÌTo€dig€up€a€paley€corse€sirÌFor€their€dissecting€roomÌÌà  àòò1óóòòDemióó„„i.e.,€ð ðhalf,ðð€perhaps€as€signifying€partial€fragments.Ð P- (4 Ðà  àòò2óóòòS€enoughóó„„i.e.,€ð ðððTis€enough.ððòòóóÐ .h)5 Ðà  àòò3óóAn€emetic;€see€no.€94.Ð ° ÐÌà  à115.€ð ðShakespeareððs€Grave,ðð€around€March€21,€or€after€midsummer,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðShakespeares€grave.ðð€The€family€had€twice€visited€Shakespeareððs€tomb€in€Stratford„on„Avon,€onÏ3€June€1828,€and€most€recently€on€25€May€1830€(òòTLCóó,€64€n.€14);€however,€this€poemððs€draft€position€starting€in€theÐ Ð  Ðmiddle€of€a€page,€surrounded€by€poems€certainly€datable€as€1831,€renders€its€composition€during€the€1830€tourÏextremely€unlikely.€In€MS€VI€the€poem€falls€after€no.€114,€which,€as€explained€above,€was€probably€composed€either€onÏMarch€21,€1831,€or€some€days€earlier.Ìà  àCuriously,€ð ðShakespeares€graveðð€is€not€listed€in€the€index€to€MS€VI,€which€appears€to€have€been€thorough€inÏits€listings€until€midsummer€or€fall€1831,€when€Ruskinððs€mutilations€of€the€notebook€caused€him€to€abandon€theÏindex€(see€part€2,€MS€VI).€Therefore,€the€poemððs€later€insertion€in€this€place€cannot€be€ruled€out;€and€its€apparent€lackÏof€closure€could€be€owing€to€the€draft€having€run€up€against€the€next€item,€the€first€fragment€of€no.€116.ÌÌà@!ìàShakespeares€graveˆÌà@ÑÑ*ìàIˆÌAt€the€time€of€silent€sleepÌI€roved€to€the€grave€of€the€deadÌTo€muse€to€wander€and€to€weepÌFor€his€gigantic€spirit€spedÌà@¶¶)ìàIIˆÌMethinks€it€was€an€hour€for€thoughts€of€himÌMethinks€the€radiance€of€that€placid€moonÌWas€fit€to€gild€the€grave€of€poesyÌAnd€lume€the€pavement€with€its€lustre€dimÌWhich€held€the€ashes€of€the€mighty€oneÌà@››)ìàIIIˆÌYet€not€the€grave€of€poesyÌTis€the€dust€of€its€dearest€votaryÌBy€the€earthy€clod€confinedÌHis€living€laurels€still€are€twinedÌHis€dust€alone€alone€his€clayÌMoulder€into€dark€decayÌà@€€(ìàIIIIˆÌI€stood€beside€the€simple€stoneòò1óóÐ xÈ! ÐWhich€[(?)]€his€narrow€ell€of€earthÌI€stood€and€I€was€there€aloneÌIt€seemed€a€kind€of€sacrilegeÌTo€break€the€solemn€silence€of€the€deadÌà@´´*ìàVˆÌNo€breezes€stirred€my€hairÌOr€down€the€aisles€ghostily€sweepÌAnd€not€a€single€soundÌBroke€the€still€profoundÌOf€the€silence€which€reigned€aroundÌOr€woke€the€dreary€death€like€sleepÌWhich€drowned€the€dead€in€slumber€deepÌSo€quickly€reposingÌÌà  àòò1óóIn€the€parish€church€at€Stratford,€the€tomb€is€marked€by€a€plain€stone€behind€the€altar€rail.€On€the€wall€toÐ 0*€%0 Ðthe€left€is€a€more€elaborate€monument,€described€by€Ruskin€in€the€1830€diary€as€ð ða€bust€of€him€.€.€.€in€a€niche€betweenÏtwo€black€Corinthian€pillarsðð€(òòTLCóó,€64€n.€14,€30).Ð À+'2 ÐÌà  à116.€ð ðLife,ðð€on€or€before€March€21€and€shortly€afterward,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àFive€fragmentary,€untitled€lines€closely€associated€with€this€poem€follow€no.€115€on€p.€80,€MS€VI„„formingÐ .h)5 Ðpart€of€the€two„page€section,€around€which€is€wrapped€the€March€21€composition,€no.€113.ÌÌThere€is€a€time€when€the€tide€of€lifeÌOerflows€its€bounds€of€careÌAnd€with€joys€young€billows€forceÌBursts€the€banks€that€check€its€courseÌAnd€whelms€the€sorrows€thereÌÌSee€Byron,€òòDon€Juanóó,€can.€4,€stz.€2:€ð ðWhile€youthððs€hot€wishes€in€our€red€veins€revel,€/€We€know€not€this„„the€bloodÐ ð @ Ðflows€on€too€fast;€/€But€as€the€torrent€widens€towards€the€ocean,€/€We€ponder€deeply€on€each€past€emotion.ððÌà  àThe€entirety€of€no.€116„„opening€with€lines€closely€related,€though€not€identical,€to€the€five€fragmentary€lines„„¼follows€the€resumption€and€conclusion€of€no.€113€on€p.€81.€If€the€initial€five„line€fragment,€therefore,€was€composedÏon€or€shortly€before€March€21,€the€full€poem€was€composed€following€the€completion€of€no.€113.€The€title€ð ðLifeðð€isÏfound€in€the€index€to€MS€VI;€the€draft€itself€is€untitled.€See€no.€73€for€a€revision€of€a€complementary€poem,€ð ðDeath,ððÏcomposed€about€mid„August€or€early€fall€1831.ÌÌThere€is€a€time€when€the€young€hearts€bloodÌIs€fresh€in€its€youthful€primeÌAnd€in€childhoods€charmÌUnknowing€harmÌOr€the€rapid€flight€of€timeÌà@¶¶)ìàIIˆÌWhen€the€€merry€hours€fly€roundÌ<[(?)]>€Frolick€€way€with€a€€happy€boundÌWhen€the€moments€flyÌUnheeded€byÌYet€swiftly€ushering€in€eternityÌAnd€the€minutes€danceÌIn€a€€fairy€tranceÌAnd€their€wings€loaded€all€with€joyÌà@››)ìàIIIˆÌ€When€the€rosy€lipÌTo€a€smile€doth€breakÌAs€the€ruddy€sun€goes€downÌAnd€the€eyebrows€riseÌFrom€the€laughing€eyesÌUnknowing€how€to€frownÌà@€€(ìàIIIIˆÌWhen€the€even€but€ushers€in€the€morrowÌVoid€of€thought€and€void€of€sorrowÌWhen€the€morning€€opes€the€downy€lidsÌFraught€with€a€thousand€joysÌAnd€the€rising€breastÌFrom€the€couch€of€restÌLeaps€lighter€and€higher€with€cares€unprestÌAs€it€rushes€again€to€its€toysÌà@´´*ìàVˆÌWhen€the€greatest€deepest€careÌIs€with€slow€and€cautious€stepÌSome€painted€butterfly€to€snareÌOr€to€catch€his€little€petÌAs€the€kitten€climbs€from€tree€to€treeÌAs€sportive€and€as€wild€as€heÐ .h)5 Їà  à117.€ð ðDay€of€Joy,ðð€after€April€22€and€into€May,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€ð ðDay€of€Joyðð€above€poem.€This€birthday€ode€for€John€James€follows€an€installment€of€ð ðIteriadððÏdraft€(book€2,€lines€427„538).€Line€504€of€this€installment€was€dated€by€Ruskin€as€22€April€1831;€therefore,€allowingÏtime€for€composition€of€the€intervening€lines€505„38,€one€may€place€this€ode€in€late€April,€but€before€May€10.€The€titleÏcomes€from€the€index€to€MS€VI.Ìà  àApparently,€this€ode€was€rejected€in€favor€of€no.€118a.€Ruskin€changed€his€tone,€from€moralizing€in€no.€117Ïon€the€day€of€joyððs€ð ðfollower€swift€and€sure€/€With€bitter€lash€of€grief€and€pain,ðð€to€satirizing€in€no.€118a€ð ðsome€wiseÏpeopleðð€who€ð ðmight€/€Gravely€reflect€on€Tempus„fugit.ððÌà  àNo.€117€may€be€unfinished,€the€draft€ending€with€a€centered€heading€for€a€ð ðChorus.ðð€Immediately€below€thisÏheading,€however,€Ruskin€drew€a€horizontal€line,€as€if€to€mark€off€a€finished€poem€from€the€next€item€in€MS€VI€(no.Ï119).€If€Ruskin€did€consider€the€poem€fully€drafted,€it€is€unclear€which€lines€he€meant€to€serve€as€a€refrain€ð ðchorus.ððÌÌà@››%ìàDay€of€JoyˆÌOne€evolution€of€the€earthÌThere€is€in€its€dance€round€the€sunÌThat€day€first€saw€the€loved€ones€birthÌAnd€the€loved€ones€life€begunÌThat€day€that€day€that€joyous€dayÌIt€is€crowned€with€a€crown€of€the€flowers€of€MayÌWith€sparkling€and€dewy€and€morning€flowrsÌAnd€the€joys€which€do€feather€the€wings€of€its€hoursÌBut€flutter€them€faster€awayÌÌOh€little€warblers€swell€your€throatsÌBreathe€your€merry€laughing€notesÌTo€welcome€in€the€mornÌAnd€make€the€groves€resound€againÌAnd€make€the€rocks€rebound€againÌAt€the€opening€of€the€dawnÌFor€the€day€is€come€about€againÌFor€the€day€the€day€the€dayÌFor€the€day€is€come€about€againÌThe€merry€tenth€of€MayÌÌJoy€afresh€entwine€thy€headÌWith€maiden€roses€blushing€redÌFor€thou€art€sought€by€young€&€oldÌBut€alas€thou€art€sought€in€vainÌFor€not€on€the€earth€is€thine€abodeÌThou€art€bound€by€no€earthly€chainÌWhilst€thou€dost€onward€them€allureÌYet€woe€thy€follower€swift€and€sureÌWith€bitter€lash€of€grief€and€painÌAnd€with€remorse€remorse€in€vainÌDoth€seize€on€them€behindÌÌCome€O€joy€and€with€us€stayÌI€ask€theòò1óó€only€for€a€dayÐ h)¸$/ ÐLong€may€the€merry€day€come€roundÌAnd€long€may€all€its€joys€aboundÌà@'ìàchorusˆÌÌà  àòò1óóòòtheóó„„apparently€a€misspelling€of€òòtheeóó,€since€nothing€in€the€draft€indicates€that€the€word€serves€as€an€article€forÐ P- (4 Ða€missing€noun.Ð .h)5 Їà  à118a.€ð ðSadness€with€me€is€quite€a€rara€avis,ðð€May€10,€MS€XI.€Printed€òòRFLóó,€254„56.Ð ° Ðà  àThis€dated€presentation€copy€has€been€confused€with€Ruskinððs€birthday€poem€for€his€fatherððs€next€birthday€inÏ1832;€see€no.€164.ÌÌà  à118b.€Catalog€of€376€Minerals,€after€May€or€July€1831€through€late€1833,€MS€IVC.€Unpublished.Ìà  àThis€catalog€represents€an€advance€over€an€earlier€catalog,€no.€86,€not€only€in€the€size€of€Ruskinððs€mineralÏcollection€but€also€in€its€housing€and€sophistication.€The€catalog€is€divided€in€three€parts:€òòaóó)€50€pebbles€in€ð ðBookcaseÐ ` ° Ðdrawer€in€study€next€sofaðð;€òòbóó)€26€minerals€from€South€America,€headed€ð ðCabinet€/€First€Top€drawer€€From€Peruðð;€òòcóó)Ð ( x Ð300€ð ðVarious€minerals€from€/€England.ððÌà  àThe€first€two€divisions€reveal€the€earliest€possible€date€for€this€catalog.€First,€the€South€American€mineralsÏwere€the€gift€of€the€family€friend€and€physician,€Dr.€George€Grant,€who€sailed€there€as€shipððs€surgeon€in€1830€(òòRFLóó,€94Ð € Ð  Ðn.€9).€An€item€identified€in€the€catalog€as€ð ðChlorite€of€Horn€Silver€/€Copiapoðð€was€to€be€commemorated€in€òòPraeteritaóóÐ H ˜  Ðas€Grantððs€gift€of€ð ðspecimens€of€the€most€beautiful€veinstones€[in€the€mines]€of€Copiapoðð€(òòWorksóó,€35:99).€(See€also€no.Ð `  Ð126,€which€mentions€ð ðChimborazoððs€mines€of€goldðð€in€South€America.)€Second,€and€raising€the€earliest€date€to€JulyÏ1831€(or€possibly€a€few€months€earlier),€the€collection€cannot€have€been€placed€in€a€mineral€ð ðcabinetðð€before€that€pieceÏof€furnishing€was€acquired€from€the€Snell€Brothers,€upholsterers.€In€John€Jamesððs€account€books€preserved€at€theÏRuskin€Library,€the€purchase€of€ð ðJns€Mineral€ð ð24€18/ðð€is€included€in€an€account€paid€to€Snell€in€either€May€or€JulyÏ1831.€The€cabinet€was€among€furnishings€bought€to€fill€space€created€by€the€extensions€to€Herne€Hill€undertakenÏduring€the€family€tour€of€1830.€Surely,€soon€after€this€handsome€gift,€Ruskin€began€reorganizing€his€collection,Ïnecessitating€this€replacement€of€his€earlier€catalogue,€no.€86.Ìà  àHaving€begun€recataloging€in€mid„1831,€Ruskin€apparently€continuously€extended€the€English€minerals€list€asÏthe€collection€grew.€These€extensions€are€significant€because,€in€cataloging€the€additions,€he€overtook€and€wrote€overÏtop€of€the€draft€of€sermon€VIII,€no.€174,€thus€providing€a€clue€to€the€latterððs€upper€limiting€date.€At€first,€theÏrecataloging€of€the€English€minerals€involved€no€change€in€the€first€50€items€in€no.€86;€however,€the€remainingÏspecimens,€which€had€involved€so€many€lacunae€in€the€earlier€catalog,€along€with€the€new€additions,€demanded€a€moreÏelaborate€three„column€style,€which€begins€with€specimen€51€(the€ð ðBristol€diamondsðð€that€Ruskin€was€never€to€tire€ofÏexhibiting).€Some€of€the€new€additions,€not€present€in€no.€86,€came€from€Wales,€indicating€that€this€stage€of€the€workÏpostdates€the€familyððs€trip€to€Wales€in€summer€1831€(see€no.€12).€Further€on,€several€specimens€are€entered€fromÏCeylon,€which€must€have€been€the€gift€of€Ruskinððs€cousin,€William€Richardson,€who€(like€Dr.€Grant)€sailed€as€shipððsÏsurgeon€to€Ceylon€and€Isle€of€France.€Richardson€was€somewhere€on€his€passage€home,€according€to€MaryÏRichardsonððs€calculations€dated€January€7,€1832€(òòRFLóó,€230€n.€5).€Finally,€at€about€the€point€where€the€catalog€crossesÐ  p Ðover€top€of€the€partly€erased€sermon€draft,€a€cluster€of€specimens€are€listed€as€coming€from€the€Continent,€which€theÏfamily€toured€in€1833.Ìà  àThus,€probably€after€the€catalog€had€reached€the€Ceylonese€minerals„„that€is,€after€about€mid„1832€at€theÏearliest„„Ruskin€drafted€a€part€of€sermon€VIII€on€available€following€blank€pages€(see€no.€174).€Then,€having€fair„copiedÏthe€sermon€at€some€point,€he€could€erase€the€pencil€draft€and€write€over€top€of€it€to€catalog€his€latest€mineral€findsÏafter€returning€from€the€1833€tour.ÌÌà  à119.€ð ðThe€Marinerððs€Songðð€(ð ðO€bravely€are€breaking€the€billowsðð),€after€late€April,€MSS€V,€VI.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àTitle€written€all€capitals€with€no€apostrophe€in€MS€V.€Cook€and€Wedderburn€missed€the€poem€in€MS€VI,Ïwhere€it€is€untitled€in€the€text€but€identified€by€title€in€the€index.€It€is€a€draft,€with€some€variants,€of€the€first€four€and€aÏhalf€stanzas€of€the€six„stanza€poem€in€MS€V€(i.e.,€up€to€and€including€the€line€ð ðBedew€.€.€.€the€moonðð;€the€followingÏpage,€which€probably€held€the€remainder€of€the€draft€in€MS€VI,€was€torn€out).Ìà  àUndated€in€both€manuscripts.€In€MS€VI€the€draft€follows€no.€117€(written€in€late€April€to€early€May).€In€MSÏV€the€fair€copy€falls€among€a€group€of€poems€that€appears€to€have€been€copied€from€MS€VI€all€at€once,€well€after€someÏof€the€poems€had€been€composed.€Copytext€from€MS€V.ÌÌOh€bravely€are€breaking€the€billowsÌAs€they€dash€on€the€foamy€shoreÌThe€Leviathans€heaving€pillowsÌAre€lulling€him€with€their€roarÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌThe€fiend€of€the€tempests€is€howlingÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€the€breezes€are€shaking€the€shroudsÌThe€thunder€is€gloomily€growlingÌLike€a€lion€enchained€in€the€cloudsÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌWe€are€veering€we€are€veeringÌOn€the€bosom€of€the€oceanÌLike€an€eagle€careeringÌIn€airy€commotionÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌThou€destroyer€of€might€and€of€powððrÌThou€proud€thou€tempestuous€seaÌOh€what€though€thy€aspect€should€lowrÌWe€have€fettered€and€conquered€theeÌà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌI€love€much€to€see€the€black€surgesÌBedew€with€their€spray€the€white€moonÌWhile€a€tempest€our€vessel€on€urgesÌLike€a€seabirds€white€wing€through€the€gloomÌà@ÂÂ*ìà6ˆÌI€love€to€be€hurled€to€the€heavenÌHalf€tossed€into€air€by€the€mainÌThen€the€breast€of€the€sea€to€be€rivenÌAnd€we€down€to€its€quicksands€againÌÌà  àIn€MS€VI€draft,€only€stz.€2€numbered.€Other€draft€variants:Ìà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€1óó€tempests]€tempestÐ 8ˆ Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€1óó€and€of€powððr]€&€of€powerÐ P Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€3óó€lowr]€lowerÐ È Ðà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€1óó€black]€[huge(?)]€òòpossibly€withóó€black€òòwritten€over€topóóÐ à Ðà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€2óó€Bedew€with€their€spray€the€white€moon]€Bedew€with€their€white€spray€the€moonÐ X¨ ÐÌà  à120.€ð ðRustic€in€London,ðð€June€to€August,€[MS€VI].€Unpublished.Ìà  àNow€lost;€according€to€index€to€MS€VI€it€occurred€on€folios,€since€removed,€following€no.€119€(see€part€1,€MSÏVI,€ð ðDescriptionðð).€Although€evidence€is€elliptical,€a€poem€dated€2€August€may€be€associated€with€these€missing€folos;Ïsee€nos.€85,€129.ÌÌà  à121.€ð ðHeat,ðð€June€to€August,€[MS€VI].€Unpublished.Ìà  àNow€lost;€see€no.€120,€which€it€followed.ÌÌà  à122.€ð ðO€might€not€she€have€found€a€place,ðð€June€to€August,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àThis€line€begins€the€second€stanza€of€an€at€least€two„stanza€poem,€the€top€half€of€which€has€been€torn€awayÏ(see€also€no.€128).€If€the€poem€started€on€the€previous€page,€its€opening€has€been€lost€with€a€removed€folio.€The€poemÏonce€followed€nos.€120„21€drafted€on€that€lost€folio,€and€it€precedes€no.€123€(probably€June).Ìà  àOf€the€first€remaining,€partially€extant€stanza,€only€the€last€line€is€fully€visible.€This€line€is€preceded€by€nineÏlines€reaching€to€the€top€of€the€page,€of€which€only€fragments€of€the€openings€remain:€ð ðOh€/€In€/€Y€/€In€/€Oh€/€For€/ÏSo€[won(?)]€/€It€is€the€mind€of€/€It€is€a€thing€of€hea[(?)].ððÌÌDefiled€by€man€but€not€by€earthÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌOh€might€not€she€have€found€a€placeÌMore€pure€in€which€to€hide€herÌThan€the€falln€sons€of€Adams€raceÌThe€grave€itself€is€widerÌOh€why€hath€she€so€pure€so€fairÐ .h)5 ÐTo€man€her€presence€givenÌWhy€hath€she€not€remained€[there(?)]ÌInhabitant€of€heavenÌÌà  à123.€ð ðTempestðð€(ð ðOh€how€I€loves€to€sweep€alongðð),€about€June€20(?),€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àThis€untitled€fragment€follows€no.€122,€corresponding€to€the€position€of€a€poem€named€ð ðTempestðð€in€theÏindex€to€MS€VI.€The€lines€appear€related€to€poems€about€various€mischievous€ð ðspiritsðð€in€MS€V,€dated€June€20„22€(seeÏnos.€124„27),€and€this€date€is€plausible€for€the€position€of€no.€123€in€MS€VI.Ìà  àCollingwood€believed€nos.€124„25,€which€he€published,€were€written€during€the€Welsh€tour€of€1831,€sceneryÏhe€thought€must€also€have€inspired€nos.€134,€147,€153€(òòPJRóó,€1:280).€The€group€would€have€to€include€nos.€123€andÐ ¸   Ð126„27,€as€well,€since€these€form€part€of€a€series€of€songs€by€nature€spirits.€The€spirit€songs€have€a€much€clearer€literaryÏsource€than€a€natural€one,€however,€for€nos.€123„27€are€modeled€on€Byronððs€ð ðspirits€of€the€unbounded€Universeðð€inÏòòManfredóó€(I,i)„„a€source€that€has€remained€unnoticed,€since€Collingwood€made€only€two€of€the€songs€available.€RuskinÐ `  Ðbegins€his€series€in€no.€123€with€Byronððs€fifth€spirit,€the€ð ðRider€of€the€windðð:€ð ðI€swept€upon€the€blast:€/€The€fleet€I€metÏsailed€well,€and€yet€/€ððTwill€sink€ere€night€be€past.ððÌÌOh€how€I€loves€to€sweep€alongÌòò1óóÐ øH  ÐUpon€the€€moaning€blastÌAs€it€howls€along€and€growls€alongÌSo€freely€and€so€fastÌCareer€ye€on€ye€cloudy€formsÌFor€I€love€to€see€ye€sweepÌAthwart€the€piney€mountain€topsÌOr€the€bosom€of€the€deepÌI€love€to€sing€the€dirge€of€themÌWho€are€drowned€in€that€wild€deepÌAnd€with€my€own€stern€lullabyÌTo€murmur€them€asleepÌAs€I€pass€so€fleet€and€freeÌIn€mine€own€wild€melodyÌI€will€sing€their€lullabyÌlullaby€lullabyÌSing€oer€the€deadÌThus€I€moan€over€yeÌSouls€that€are€fledÌI€have€given€ye€a€pillowÌIve€given€ye€restÌYe€have€sought€it€and€found€itÌOn€oceans€breastÌÌà  àòò1óóIt€appears€that€ð ðCareer€ye€on€ye€cloudy€formsðð€was€originally€the€poemððs€opening€line,€and€that€ð ðOh€how€IÐ ¸$ ) Ðloves€to€sweep€alongðð€was€inserted€above€the€deletion.€It€is€possible,€however,€that€ð ðCareer€ye€onðð€is€a€deleted€òòsecondóóÐ €%Ð * Ðline.ÌÌà  à124.€ð ðTo€the€Ocean€Spirits,ðð€June€20,€MS€V.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:87„88;€òòWorksóó,€2:322„23.Ð Ø'(#- Ðà  àDated€by€Ruskin.€Title€written€in€all€capitals.€See€no.€123.€Ruskinððs€ocean€spirit€is€modeled€on€the€thirdÏdaemon€in€Byronððs€òòManfredóó€(I,i).€Another€source€could€be€the€mermaid€legends€in€Walter€Scottððs€òòMinstrelsy€of€theÐ h)¸$/ ÐScottish€Border:€Consisting€of€Historical€and€Romantic€Ballads,€.€.€.€Founded€upon€Local€Traditionóó,€3d€ed.,€3€vols.Ð 0*€%0 Ð(Edinburgh:€James€Ballantyne,€1806)€3:€324ð!ð27,€335ð!ð40.Ìà  àRuskinððs€version€is€almost€entirely€unpunctuated;€all€lines€except€ð ðMermaids€(sing),ðð€which€is€centered,€areÏflush€left,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations;€and€no€line€space€sets€off€a€strophe€at€l.€52.€Other€editorial€changes:Ìà  àòòWorks,€l.€10óó€Do€you]€Do€yeÐ P- (4 Ðà  àòòl.€15óó€Hither,€come]€Hither,€ComeÐ .h)5 Ðà  àòòl.€26óó€inconstant]€unconstantÐ ° Ðà  àòòl.€35óó€Oh,€well]€òòoriginallyóó€For€Oh€òò(the€emendationóó€Oh€well€òòwritten€above€the€line€in€Ruskinððs€hand,€not€JohnÐ xÈ ÐJamesððs,€as€asserted€in€Works)óóÐ @ Ðà  àòòl.€37óó€Tritons]€tritonsÐ X Ðà  àòòl.€47óó€ye]€YeÐ Ð  ÐÌà  à125.€ð ðTo€the€Fairies,ðð€June€20,€MS€V.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:89„91;€òòWorksóó,€2:324„25.Ð ` ° Ðà  àDated€by€Ruskin.€Title€written€all€capitals.€See€no.€123:€this€poem€in€the€series€departs€from€the€model€inÏòòManfredóó,€no€fairy€occurring€among€Byronððs€daemons.Ð ð @ Ðà  àRuskinððs€version€is€almost€entirely€unpunctuated;€and€all€lines€except€ð ðFairies€(sing),ðð€which€is€centered,€areÏflush€left,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations.€Other€editorial€changes:Ìà  àòòWorks,€l.€8óó€acorn„cups]€acorn€cupsÐ H ˜  Ðà  àòòL.€16óó€coos]€cooððsÐ `  Ðà  àòòL.€24óó€In]€ToÐ Ø(  Ðà  àòòl.€34óó€ððMid€a€half]€Mid€an€halfÐ  ð  Ðà  àòòl.€37óó€dance€[on]]€dance€ourÐ h¸  Ðà  àòòl.€40óó€For€oh,]€For€OhÐ 0€  Ðà  àòòl.€45óó€we€are]€are€weÐ øH  ÐÌà  à126.€ð ðTo€the€Spirits€of€the€Earth,ðð€June€22,€MS€V.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àDated€by€Ruskin.€Title€written€all€capitals.€See€no.€123.€Ruskin€is€drawing€on€Byronððs€fourth€spiritððs€lyric€inÏòòManfredóó:€ð ðWhere€the€roots€of€the€Andes€/€Strike€deep€in€the€earth,€/€As€their€summits€to€heaven€/€Shoot€soaringlyÐ h Ðforth.ðð€This€fourth€spirit€is€Byronððs€fire€spirit,€however,€whom€Ruskin€makes€the€subject€of€his€next€lyric.ÌÌFrom€east€and€west€and€south€and€northÌFrom€the€bowels€of€the€earthÌCome€forth€come€forth€come€forthÌFrom€Chimborazoððs€mines€of€goldòò1óóÐ È ÐOr€Indias€diamond€hillsÌOr€from€the€earths€deepest€inmost€holdÌHither€come€hither€allÌDo€ye€strew€the€flowers€aroundÌOr€scatter€daisies€on€the€groundÌOr€sleep€ye€in€your€lowest€cavesÌIn€chasms€underneath€the€wavesÌOr€in€the€Andes€summits€rivenÌHalf€way€between€the€earth€and€heavenÌRest€ye€spirits€rest€ye€thereÌOr€in€Golcondas€mines€your€lairòò2óóÐ `"°& ÐYe€moly€mountain€hollowersÌCome€hither€and€to€me€unfoldÌThe€secrets€of€your€mines€of€goldÌà@ìàòòSpirits€of€the€earth€(sing)óóˆÐ €%Ð * ÐWe€in€caverns€dark€and€deepÌMid€horrid€mountains€love€to€sleepÌOr€cut€the€channels€for€the€springsÌAnd€pour€them€out€in€mazy€ringsÌOr€underneath€the€ocean€traceÌOur€hollow€paths€from€place€to€placeÌOr€chase€the€earth€unturning€moleÌAnd€hunt€it€from€its€mazy€holeÌWe€have€heaps€of€gold€in€hidden€cavesÌWhich€neer€hath€mortal€foundÌWe€have€rubies€hid€neath€the€greedy€wavesÐ .f)5 ÐAnd€diamonds€scattered€roundÌThou€canst€not€be€where€where€we€have€beenÌThou€canst€not€see€what€we€have€seenÌWouldst€thou€wouldst€thou€mortal€dareÌTo€tread€our€hollow€caverns€thereÌIst€for€riches€ist€for€goldÌThat€is€at€thy€feet€BeholdÌGrasp€it€Ha€what€is€it€nowÌGold€is€dust€and€so€art€thouÌBut€comes€the€hateful€morning€greyÌÌà  àòò1óóMines€in€South€America.€See€no.€118b,€for€Ruskinððs€South€American€minerals.Ð H ˜  Ðà  àòò2óóRuined€city€in€India,€formerly€capital€of€Moslem€kingdom€of€Golconda,€famed€for€diamond€trade.€RuskinÐ `  Ðtook€notes€on€Indian€mineralogy€in€no.€56,€which€is€tentatively€dated€1829.ÌÌà  à127.€ð ðTo€the€Spirits€of€the€Fire,ðð€June€22,€MS€V.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àDated€by€Ruskin.€Title€written€all€capitals.€See€no.€123.€From€òòManfredóó,€no.€127€combines€the€earthquakeÐ 0€  Ðimagery€of€Byronððs€fourth€spirit€with€his€second€spiritððs€command€that€ð ðcould€make€the€mountain€bow€/€And€quiverÏto€his€cavernððd€base.ðð€See€nos.€68€and€70€for€earlier€poems€about€volcanic€eruptions.ÌÌSpirits€of€the€ungoverned€fireÌWhere€are€ye€where€are€ye€nowÌDo€ye€ride€on€the€thunder„clouds€frowning€browÌAnd€laugh€as€the€lightning€playsÌStill€urging€on€your€dreadful€courseÌContemners€of€mans€puny€forceÌHither€come€hither€allÌDo€ye€dart€on€the€lights€of€the€northÌAs€it€forms€its€arch€aboveÌAs€it€flashes€sublimely€forthÌTo€ride€on€its€bolts€ye€loveÌOh€ye€proud€destroying€spiritsÌCheck€your€headlong€wayÌThough€ye€be€swifter€than€eaglesÌStay€fiery€beings€stayÌOh€ye€the€thunderclouds€compellingÌTell€me€where€you€hold€your€dwellingÌWhere€where€Oh€whereÌà@!ìàòòSpirits€of€the€fireóóˆÐ `"°& ÐAsketh€thou€the€mighty€onesÌWhere€their€dwellings€they€do€holdÌMortal€mortal€thou€art€boldÌWere€we€to€touch€thy€hand€thou€mustÌMoulder€to€thy€native€dustÌAnd€he€is€brave€who€would€inquireÌOf€the€dread€spirits€of€the€fireÌWe€dwell€neath€Etnaððs€giant€hillÌUnderneath€the€lofty€steepsÌThe€mountain€trembles€at€our€willÌAnd€quivers€oer€the€skaken€deepsÌYe€have€framed€your€towððrs€and€your€palacesÌThey€were€the€work€of€yearsÌBut€we€came€and€breathed€on€their€pinnaclesÌAnd€they€mouldered€away€into€nothingÐ .f)5 ÐSunk€into€nought€at€our€touchÌThe€sun€set€one€nightÌAnd€it€shone€on€a€gorgeous€cityÌAnd€red€were€the€beamsÌWhich€in€splendid€streamsÌGlanced€on€its€turrets€and€towrsÌBut€on€that€night€we€cameÌAnd€oer€that€city€pastÌAnd€when€the€sun€arose€againÌTwas€but€an€ashy€wasteÌNo€marks€were€left€of€that€once€splendid€cityÌAll€buried€were€its€heaps€of€goldÌAnd€burning€lava€oer€it€rolledÌAnd€Showrs€of€ashes€swiftly€drivenÌWere€darkening€the€face€of€heavenÌLike€showrs€before€the€windÌMortal€there€is€our€habitationÌÌà  à128.€ð ðMelancholy€wonððt€away,ðð€about€June€to€August,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àFollows€no.€123.€This€mutilated€fragment€falls€on€the€verso€of€a€folio,€of€which€the€top€portion€has€been€tornÏaway€(see€no.€122).€It€is€possible€that€no.€128€is€a€continuation€of€no.€123,€which€extends€to€the€bottom€of€the€rectoÏside€of€this€torn€folio.Ìà  àWhile€Cook€and€Wedderburn€listed€the€fragment€by€the€line€ð ðMelancholy€wonððt€awayðð€(òòWorksóó,€2:537),€someÐ à0 Ðpreceding€lines€are€visible.€Following€that€last€complete€line,€Ruskin€wrote€a€single€capital€òòMóó,€as€if€he€started€to€write€aÐ ¨ø Ðrefrain€of€ð ðMelancholy.ððÌÌ[€.€.€.€]€is€very€difficultÌTis€not€the€proper€measureÌI€wish€I€could€dismiss€herÌWith€€a€little€greater€pleasureÌMelancholy€wont€awayÌÌà  à129.€ð ðCreation,ðð€early€August(?),€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àDated€by€its€position€in€MS€VI,€following€no.€128.€Although€the€poem€is€entitled€by€Ruskin€above€its€firstÏline€as€ð ðCreation,ðð€Cook€and€Wedderburn€expanded€the€title€to€ð ðCreation„„The€Second€Dayðð€(òòWorksóó,€2:537),Ð @" Ðpresumably€on€the€basis€of€its€opening€line.€The€editors€seem€to€imply€that€Ruskin€intended€a€seven„day€series.€If€theyÏare€correct,€a€lost€first„day€poem€may€be€attested€by€the€index€to€MS€VI,€which€cites€ð ðCreation€91€86.ðð€The€extantÏð ðCreation,ðð€no.€129,€falls€on€the€verso€of€a€folio,€whose€top€portion€(holding€no.€128)€has€been€torn€away,€along€withÏany€page€number€Ruskin€might€have€written.€This€mutilated€folio,€moreover,€was€once€preceded€by€two€lost€folios€(seeÏpart€2,€MS€VI,€ð ðDescriptionðð).€If€one€counts€these€missing€folios,€one€will€arrive€at€p.€91€for€the€extant€ð ðCreation.ððÏFollowing€this€logic,€the€other€index€reference,€p.€86,€points€to€the€missing€folios€(pp.€86„89);€thus,€another€ð ðCreationðð„¼„perhaps€a€first„day€poem,€perhaps€a€draft€of€the€extant€second„day€poem„„may€have€been€discarded€from€MS€VI.Ìà  àA€fair€copy€of€that€missing€poem€may€well€be€no.€85;€although€dated€in€MS€V€as€ð ð2òòndóó€August€1830,ðð€there€areÐ €%Ð * Ðgood€circumstantial€reasons€to€argue€that€ð ð1830ðð€is€a€mistake€for€ð ð1831ðð€(see€no.€85;€also,€Ruskin€did€write€ð ð1830ðð€forÏð ð1831ðð€following€another€poem€in€MS€VI,€although€he€corrected€the€error€in€that€case).€Moreover,€no.€85€fits€theÏdescription€of€the€first€in€a€series€(ð ðDay€had€not€dawned€upon€the€world€/€Earth€was€not€formed€to€day€/€But€all€inÏone€vast€chaos€hurled€.€.€.€ðð).€If€all€this€speculation€is€sound,€no.€129€would€have€been€composed€not€long€after€2ÏAugust.Ìà  àThere€is€an€alternative,€though€not€equally€persuasive€explanation€of€the€index€entry,€ð ðCreation€91€86.ðð€BothÏnumbers€can€be€made€to€refer€to€the€same€poem;€i.e.,€Ruskin€corrected€ð ð91ðð€to€ð ð86ðð€after€tearing€out€the€two€folios.ÏThe€problem€with€this€explanation€is€that€Ruskin€had€to€err:€the€poem€occurs,€according€to€revised€page€numberingÏthat€discounts€the€missing€folios,€on€p.€87,€not€p.€86.€If€this€alternative€hypothesis€could€nonetheless€be€proved€correct,Ïit€would€not€necessarily€affect€the€dating€of€early€August.òòóóÐ P- (4 ÐÐ .h)5 ÐThe€second€day€past€oer€and€gloomy€nightÌSunk€slow€and€silently€upon€the€earthÌAnd€sunk€that€gorgeous€sun€reluctantlyÌAnd€left€the€[hunted(?)]€and€the€purple€skyòò1óóÐ X ÐTo€weep€his€fall€with€drops€of€dewÌAnd€all€the€breezes€as€they€flewÌMoaned€oer€his€fall€with€many€a€sighÌAnd€stirred€themselves€to€that€first€melodyÌA€melody€to€weep€the€fall€of€himÌà@¶¶)ìàIIˆÌWhen€lo€there€cameÌAnd€mingled€with€those€sounds€a€mightier€soundÌThat€€issued€from€the€heavens€blue€profoundÌAnd€hushed€the€moaning€breezes€into€silenceÌ€As€€rolling€all€the€universe€aroundÌIt€mingled€strangely€with€the€midnight€hourÌNight€knew€the€word€and€trembled€for€her€powerÌà@››)ìàIIIˆÌFor€lo€€the€envious€cloudsÌThat€shaded€oer€the€deep€blue€vault€of€heavenÌEmerged€another€orb€twas€beautifulÌAs€it€in€those€fair€heavens€ridingÌAnd€every€gloomy€cloud€dividingÌLooked€down€upon€the€earth€Night€shrieked€aloudÌAnd€threw€another€and€a€darker€cloudÌTo€try€if€yet€she€might€regainÌHer€ancient€and€her€wide€domainÌAnd€yet€again€she€shrieked€Her€struggle€as€in€vainÌÌà  àòò1óóThe€reading€[hunted(?)]€is€extremely€conjectural.€The€end€of€the€line€might€be€read€as€ð ðthe€sky€purple,ðð€sinceÐ X¨ Ðð ðskyðð€is€written€above€the€line€and€between€the€other€two€words,€but€Ruskin€often€inserts€runovers€above,€rather€thanÏmore€conventionally€below,€their€respective€lines,€and€such€appears€his€intention€here.ÌÌà  à130.€ð ðDe€Arte€Poetica,ðð€late€summer€or€early€fall,€possibly€earlier,€[MS€VI].€Unpublished.Ìà  àNow€lost;€according€to€index€to€MS€VI,€it€once€fell€on€a€folio,€since€removed;€since€this€folio€also€held€draft€ofÏð ðIteriad,ðð€4:95ff.,€it€can€be€dated€as€late€summer€or€early€fall,€when€book€4€was€underway.Ìà  àHowever,€this€and€a€few€other€poems€in€MS€VI€perhaps€should€not€be€dated€according€to€straightforwardÏsequence.€As€explained€in€part€2,€MS€VI,€shorter€poems€that€are€placed€late€enough€to€be€surrounded€by€draft€ofÏð ðIteriad,ðð€book€4,€but€that€are€also€indexed,€must€have€been€composed€early€enough€for€their€index€entries€to€refer€toÏRuskinððs€earlier€system€of€page€numbering„„i.e.,€prior€to€his€mutilation€of€MS€VI,€which€he€committed€at€about€theÏtime€he€started€book€4€of€ð ðIteriad,ðð€or€perhaps€when€he€had€reached€300€lines€into€the€fourth€book.Ìà  àFollowing€the€missing€folio€that€once€held€no.€130,€the€next€existing€folio€contains€a€fragment,€no.€131,€thatÏappears€to€have€been€carried€over€from€the€previous€page€(two€stanzas,€the€first€of€which€is€incomplete).€The€subject€ofÏthis€fragment,€no.€131,€could€be€consistent€with€ð ðDe€arte€poetica,ðð€no.€130,€so€the€two€may€be€the€same€poem.ÌÌà  à131.€ð ðWith€those€it€does€not€signify,ðð€late€summer€into€early€fall,€possibly€earlier,€MS€VI.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àThis€burlesque€on€writing€a€tragedy€to€ð ðplease€the€ladiesðð€is€not€mentioned€in€òòWorksóó,€vol.€2,€app.€III€or€IV.Ð h)¸$/ ÐDating€the€fragment€by€its€position€in€manuscript,€it€would€belong€to€late€summer€or€early€fall,€along€with€the€first€90Ïlines€of€ð ðIteriad,ðð€book€4,€that€precede€it€(see€no.€91).Ìà  àSee€no.€130€for€the€possibility€that€this€fragment,€no.€131,€may€be€the€remainder€of€no.€130,€lost€with€theÏprevious€folio.€If€so,€for€reasons€discussed€under€no.€130,€the€poem€could€date€from€a€somewhat€earlier€time€thanÏð ðIteriad,ðð€book€4.Ìà  àSee€no.€136€for€another€example€of€Ruskinððs€distaste€at€this€time€for€sentimental€literature,€a€theme€thatÐ .h)5 Ðoccurs€also€in€ð ðIteriad,ðð€no.€91.ÌÌÌWith€those€it€does€not€signifyÌOr€tragedy€or€comedyÌ€If€by€the€following€rules€it€made€isÌNo€doubt€but€it€will€please€the€ladiesÌÌFirst€choose€a€title€sounding€wellÌThe€spirit€King€does€very€wellÌThe€monarch€of€the€mountains€goodÌBetter€The€tempest€fiend€of€bloodÌFor€if€your€title€sounds€not€highÌYoull€neer€succeed€in€tragedyÌÌà  à132.€ð ðCanst€thou€tell€me€where€is€joy?ðð€late€summer€into€early€fall,€or€earlier,€MS€VI.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àThis€is€another€poem,€whose€index€entry€in€MS€VI€can€be€made€to€correspond€with€the€poem€itself€only€byÏcounting€folios€later€removed€by€Ruskin.€Thus,€the€poem€presumably€existed€prior€to€the€mutilation€of€MS€VI€andÏrenumbering€of€its€pages€(see€no.€130;€and€part€2,€MS€VI).€If€the€poem€is€dated€according€to€its€position,€precedingÏð ðIteriad,ðð€book€4:101ff.,€it€would€belong€to€early€fall.ÌÌCanst€thou€tell€me€where€is€joyÌThus€I€asked€a€blooming€boyÌWho€laughing€leapt€beside€meÌWhile€his€fairy€form€as€it€bounded€byÌAll€in€its€transient€gaietyÌSeemed€allmost€[òòsicóó]€to€deride€meÐ P Ðà@¶¶)ìàIIˆÌSo€light€so€fairy€light€he€sprangÌThe€very€dewdrops€as€they€hungÌShook€not€beneath€his€treadÌAnd€in€his€hand€a€rose€there€layÌIt€had€not€been€as€fair€as€heÌBut€€its€damask€hue€was€fledÌà@››)ìàIIIˆÌThat€rose€had€seen€his€cheek€of€redÌAnd€died€for€very€shameÌAnd€wept€and€drooped€its€blushing€headÌFor€it€was€not€the€sameÌà@€€(ìàIIIIˆÌI€asked€him€where€was€joy€he€saidÌAnd€looked€at€me€and€wonderedÌOh€joy€is€every€whereÌThinkest€thou€so€In€future€timeÌThoult€say€the€same€of€careÌà@´´*ìàVˆÌI€asked€a€€haggard€aged€€oneÌAll€hoary€haired€and€oldÌWhiles€as€he€stood€and€gazed€uponÌA€thousand€heaps€of€goldÌAnd€his€weak€foot€stumbled€amongÌThose€shining€heaps€€untoldòò1óóÐ ˆ,Ø'3 ÐYet€he€was€wan€and€witheredÌAs€one€had€risen€from€the€deadÐ .h)5 Ðà@™™)ìàVIˆÌHis€eyes€you€might€have€thought€that€he€had€noneÌSo€deeply€were€they€sunken€in€his€headÌAs€in€their€[brow(?)]€wreathed€graves€and€each€[(?)]€oneÌWas€of€a€bloody€and€a€fiery€redÌAnd€in€each€white€&€gaunt€and€ghastly€boneÌThere€was€a€horrid€something€to€be€[read(?)]ÌThat€told€of€want€and€misery€and€careÌOh€no€I€could€not€think€that€joy€was€thereÌà@~~)ìàVIIˆÌI€asked€him€where€was€joy€And€as€he€spokeÌHis€yellow€heaps€of€€dross€he€from€him€hurledÌAs€from€his€skinny€lips€the€sentence€brokeÌJoy€is€not€in€the€worldÌAnd€at€the€hollow€sounds€I€backward€drewÌAnd€almost€thought€a€moment€it€was€trueÌà@cc(ìàVIIIˆÌI€asked€a€dying€christian€as€he€layÌUpon€lowly€pallet€stretched€thereÌ€his€face€a€smile€so€illumined€fairòò2óóÐ ˆØ ЀTwas€of€a€soul€about€to€leave€the€clayÌAnd€oh€there€was€a€kind€of€heavenly€rayÌThat€shot€upon€his€features€they€were€calmÌAnd€radiant€and€beautifulÌAnd€smiled€I€could€not€look€upon€the€smileÌIt€was€of€€so€angelic€lovelinessÌà@)ìàIXˆÌI€asked€him€him€where€was€joy€he€looked€on€meÌAnd€then€upon€the€heaven€placidlyÌWhile€his€pale€cheek€again€assumed€the€redÌAs€on€his€couch€again€he€sunk€his€headÌAnd€answered€with€his€latest€breathÌOh€Joy€is€in€the€arms€of€deathÌÌà  àòò1óóThe€evidence€of€revision€is€complicated,€but€the€original€line€was€probably€ð ðThe€heaps€might€not€be€told.ððÐ @" Ðà  àòò2óóA€caret€inserted€after€ð ðhisðð€may€indicate€that€the€line€should€read€ð ðhis€illumined€face€a€smile€so€fair,ðð€but€IÐ  X# Ðbelieve€the€two€words€ð ðillumined€fair,ðð€which€are€written€above€the€line,€are€meant€to€form€a€single€runover.ÌÌà  à133.€ð ðBedðð€(ð ðBed„Timeðð),€late€summer€or€early€fall,€MS€VI.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:92„93;€òòWorksóó,€2:326.Ð `"°& Ðà  àUntitled€draft;€titled€in€index€to€MS€VI€as€ð ðBed,ðð€which€may€be€abbreviated,€but€the€title€ð ðBed„Timeðð€isÏCollingwoodððs.€Collingwood€dated€this€poem€as€September€1831€on€grounds€of€ð ðstyle,€handwriting,€and€positionðð€andÏof€the€fact€that€Ruskin€misspelled€his€tutorððs€name€(ð ðMr.€„„„„€What€dððye€call€him?„„Bottom„roe?€/€No,€thatððs€not€it€.€.€.€ÏOh€ay,€it€is€Roebotham„„ðð€[i.e.,€Rowbotham]),€an€error€suggesting€that€the€tutor€was€ð ðquite€a€new€acquaintanceðð€(òòPJRóó,Ð €%Ð * Ð1:281).€This€is€probably€roughly€correct,€although€Collingwood€may€have€placed€this€group€in€MS€VI€a€month€or€twoÏtoo€late€in€the€fall,€since€John€Jamesððs€accounts€at€Lancaster€list€the€first€payment€to€Rowbotham€on€1€August€1831.Ìà  àAn€earlier€date,€late€summer,€is€somewhat€liklier,€since€this€is€another€poem,€whose€index€entry€in€MS€VI€canÏbe€made€to€correspond€with€the€poem€itself€only€by€counting€folios€later€removed€by€Ruskin;€thus,€the€poemÏpresumably€existed€prior€to€the€mutilation€of€MS€VI€and€renumbering€of€its€pages,€which€occurred€sometime€after€lateÏsummer€(see€no.€130;€and€part€2,€MS€VI).€If€the€poem€is€dated,€less€soundly,€strictly€according€to€its€sequentialÏappearance€following€ð ðIteriad,ðð€book€4:101„261,€the€poem€would€belong€to€the€fall.Ìà  àRuskinððs€version€is€unpunctuated,€except€for€a€single€comma€after€ð ðcontradictoryðð€(1:4),€and€he€does€notÏindicate€the€editorsðð€italics.€All€lines€are€flush€left,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations.€The€editorsðð€capitalizations€areÏconsistent€with€Ruskinððs,€except€for€ð ðmammaðð€(1:7,€2:8,€3:5),€ð ðmrðð€(2:1),€ð ðroebothamðð€(2:2),€and€ð ðgoðð€(2:8).€DraftÏstanzas€numbered€ð ð2ðð€and€ð ð3.ððÐ .h)5 Ðà  àòò1:2,€Worksóó€all€so]€allso€òòMS€VIóóÐ ° Ðà  àòò1:5,€Worksóó€anything€had€come€into]€any€thing€had€come€to€òòMS€VIóóÐ xÈ Ðà  àòò2:1,€Worksóó€When€Mr.€„„„€What€dððye€call€him?„„Bottom„roe?]€When€mr€What€dye€call€em€Bottom€roe€òòMS€VIóóÐ @ Ðà  àòò2:2,€Worksóó€No,€thatððs€not€it€.€.€.€Oh€ay,€it€is€Roebotham„„]€No€thats€not€it€Oh€ay€it€is€roebotham€òòMS€VIóóÐ X Ðà  àòò3:3,€Worksóó€Against€those€words€there]€Again€those€words€their€òòMS€VIóóÐ Ð  ÐÌà  à134.€ð ðI€love€ye€ye€eternal€hillsðð€(ð ðThe€Eternal€Hillsðð)òòóó,€about€mid„€to€late„summer€or€fall,€possibly€earlier,€MSÐ ` ° ÐVI.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:96„97;€òòWorksóó,€2:328.Ð ( x Ðà  àUntitled€in€MS€VI.€ð ðThe€Eternal€Hillsðð€is€Collingwoodððs€title.Ìà  àòòDatingóó.„„Collingwood€suggested€October€for€composition€(òòPJRóó,€1:280),€and€he€believed€that€the€poem€wasÐ ¸   Ðinspired€by€Welsh€scenery€witnessed€during€the€journey€of€1831€(see€no.€124).€If€the€poem€is€dated€by€the€ð ðIteriadððÏdraft€surrounding€it,€a€fall€date€would€be€correct.€However,€a€somewhat€earlier€date€may€be€suggested€by€the€poemððsÏindex€entry€in€MS€VI,€which€can€be€made€to€correspond€with€the€poem€itself€only€by€counting€folios€later€removed€byÏRuskin;€thus,€it€presumably€existed€prior€to€the€mutilation€of€MS€VI€and€renumbering€of€its€pages,€which€occurredÏduring€the€composition€of€ð ðIteriad,ðð€book€4€(see€no.€130;€and€part€2,€MS€VI).Ìà  àòòTextual€notesóó.„„Ruskinððs€version€is€entirely€unpunctuated;€no€small€caps€in€first€line;€and€all€lines€are€flushÐ h¸  Ðleft,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations.€Initial€letters€of€lines€and€pronoun€ð ðIðð€are€capitalized.€Second€stanza€numberedÏð ð2.ððÌà  àòò3,€PJRóó€I€love€ye,€all€ye€cloud„born€rills]€I€love€ye€all€ye€all€ye€cloud€born€rills€òòMS€VIóóÐ À Ðà  àòò7,€PJRóó€bind]€bend€òòMS€VIóóÐ ˆØ Ðà  àòò12,€PJRóó€ye,€mighty]€ye€ye€mighty€òòMS€VIóóÐ P  Ðà  àòò13,€PJRóó€With€your]€With€you€òòMS€VI,€the€editorsðð€correction€toóó€your€òòbeing€no€doubt€correct,€RuskinÐ h Ðhaving€initially€writtenóó€When€you€òòand€forgotten€to€reviseóó€you€òòtoóó€your€òòafter€changingóó€When€òòtoóó€WithÐ à0 Ðà  àòò15,€PJRóó€tempest€round]€round€òòMS€VI,€withóó€tempest€òòwritten€above€the€deletionóóÐ ¨ø Ðà  àòò17,€PJRóó€nod€oððer]€nod€€oer€òòMS€VIóóÐ pÀ Ðà  àòò18,€PJRóó€torrentððs€roar,]€torrents€òòMS€VI,€with€rhyme€word€not€in€evidenceóóÐ 8ˆ Ðà  àòò19,€PJRóó€And€are€.€.€.€rock„borne]€And€<[smile(?)]>€are€.€.€.€rock€born€òòMS€VIóóÐ P ÐÌà  à134a.€ð ðMethought€I€stood€by€ancient€Rome,ðð€late€summer€to€September,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àThis€and€no.€134b€are€the€first€entries€in€MS€VIII,€preceding€no.€135,€which€was€begun€in€September€(see€no.Ï135).€Nos.€134a„b€are€listed€by€Cook€and€Wedderburn€as€4„line€fragments€belonging€to€1831€(òòWorksóó,€2:537;€althoughÐ  p Ðthey€do€not€name€the€fragments€among€the€contents€of€MS€VIII,€they€presumably€include€them€under€the€catch„allÏð ðand€a€few€fragmentsðð€[òòWorksóó,€2:534]).Ð °  Ðà  àNo.€134a€may€be€drawn€from€Manfredððs€night€meditation€on€the€mountains,€in€which€Byronððs€hero€hopes€toÏð ðlinger€yet€with€Natureðð€and€learn€ð ðthe€language€of€another€world.ðð€Recalling€when€he€had€ð ðstood€within€theÏColosseumððs€wall€/€ððMidst€the€chief€relics€of€almighty€Rome,ðð€Manfred€is€momentarily€able€to€witness€memory€andÏnature€joined€by€the€ð ðrolling€moonðð€casting€ð ða€wide€and€tender€light,€/€Which€softened€down€the€hoar€austerity€/€OfÏrugged€desolation,€and€fillððd€up€/€As€ððtwere,€anew,€the€gaps€of€centuriesðð€(III.iv.3,€7,€10„11,€31„35).ÌÌMethought€I€stood€by€ancient€RomeÌAt€the€dread€<[(?)]>€midnight€hourÌI€gazed€in€silence€and€aloneÌOn€temple€and€on€towrÌÌà  à134b.€ð ðI€saw€ye€sweep€athwart€the€deep,ðð€late€summer€to€September,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€134a.€No.€134b€is€divided€from€134a€by€a€horizontal€line.ÌÌI€saw€ye€sweep€€athwart€the€deepÌBefore€the€wanton€breezeÌI€saw€ye€sail€and€when€the€galeÌWas€creating€the€white€seasÌÌà  à135.€ð ðAthens,ðð€late€August€or€September€1831€through€September€1832,€MSS€IA,€V,€VII,€VIII.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ð .h)5 Ðà  àProbably€begun€about€late€August€or€September€since€the€first€portion€of€draft€in€MS€VIII€precedes€a€sectionÏof€ð ðIteriad,ðð€book€IV,€composed€in€September€(see€no.€91)€as€well€as€shorter€poems€dateable€as€October€andÏNovember.€The€poem€begins€on€p.€1€of€MS€VIII,€following€nos.€134a„b€and€in€the€same€color€ink.Ìà  àAbove€the€first€line€of€draft,€ð ðAthensðð€is€inserted€in€pencil€in€Ruskinððs€hand,€as€if€the€title€were€still€tentative.ÏThis€is€probably€because€Ruskin€was€having€difficulty€making€up€his€mind.€On€the€back€endpaper€of€MS€VIII,€heÏwrote€a€note€to€himself€clearly€referring€to€the€fifth€stanza€of€ð ðAthens,ðð€in€which€he€names€the€poem€ð ðPersiadðð„„noÏdoubt€an€invention€that€refers€to€the€poemððs€subject€of€the€Persian€Wars€and€that€complements€his€title€for€no.€91,Ïð ðIteriad.ðð€The€title€remained€uncertain€until€he€reached€the€tenth€stanza,€whose€draft€in€MS€VIII€has€ð ðAthensðð€boldlyÏwritten€in€ink€above€it€and€with€no€sign€of€the€title€being€added€later€(stanzas€10„12€composed€between€nos.€150€andÏ151,€and€therefore€between€December€1831€and€January€1832).€[[In€MSS€IA€and€V,€however,€the€fair„copied€stanzasÏwere€still€headed€by€ð ðAthensðð€only€in€pencil;€and€even€the€more€elaborate€title€page€in€MS€VII€(59r)€gives€ð ðATHENS€/Ïor€the,ðð€with€the€fancy€lettering€for€ð ðATHENSðð€(matching€the€style€of€that€for€ð ðITERIADðð€in€MS€VII)€leftÏincompletely€traced€in€ink,€and€with€the€subtitle€left€incomplete€and€in€pencil.]]Ìà  àIf€ð ðIteriadðð€was€Ruskinððs€epic€of€travel€adventure„„his€òòOdysseyóó€as€it€were„„ð ðAthensðð€was€his€correspondingÐ Ø(  Ðbattle€epic,€his€òòIliadóó,€a€versifying€of€Xerxesðð€great€march€on€Athens.€That€the€projects€were€closely€associated€is€shownÐ  ð  Ðin€various€compositional€details,€in€addition€to€the€similarity€in€titles€already€mentioned:€òòaóó)€Ruskin€began€draftingÐ h¸  Ðð ðAthensðð€just€as€he€was€finishing€drafting€ð ðIteriadðð€and€preparing€to€fair„copy€the€latter€in€MS€VII.€€òòbóó)€Just€as€ð ðIteriadððÐ 0€  Ðis€taken€up€near€the€beginning€of€the€rough„copy€notebook€MS€VI€and€is€composed€intermittently,€ð ðAthensðð€starts€offÏthe€rough„copy€notebook€MS€VIII€and€its€stanzas€appear€intermittently€among€shorter€poems.€òòcóó)€Ruskin€began€to€fair„Ð À Ðcopy€ð ðAthensðð€in€MS€VII,€which€already€contained€the€fancy€copy€of€ð ðIteriad,ðð€and€he€devised€a€title€page€for€theÏsecond€epic€that€complemented€the€title€page€of€ð ðIteriadðð€in€lettering€style.€òòdóó)€Fair€copy€of€some€stanzas€was€includedÐ P  Ðalso€in€MS€V,€which€contains€fair„copied€sections€of€ð ðIteriad,ðð€as€well.Ìà  àAlthough€carried€through€as€many€as€22€stanzas€of€rough€draft€in€MS€VIII,€ð ðAthensðð€was€left€incomplete,€andÏits€fair„copying€abandoned.€Seventeen€stanzas€are€fair„copied€in€MS€V;€however,€this€version€involves€some€confusion.ÏThe€fifth€stanza€of€the€draft€in€MS€VIII€is€dropped,€so€that€the€sixth€stanza€of€MS€VIII€becomes€the€fifth€in€MS€V;Ïthereafter,€the€stanza€numbering€in€MS€V€always€lags€behind€MS€VIII€by€one.€The€last€stanza€to€be€fair„copied€in€MSÏV,€ð ðXVII,ðð€is€thus€the€eighteenth€of€draft€in€MS€VIII.€The€draft€carries€on€for€four€more€stanzas,€which€were€never€fair„¼copied.€(In€MS€VIII,€one€stanza,€originally€the€sixth,€was€completely€cancelled.€This,€however,€is€not€the€stanza€droppedÏfrom€MS€V,€and€the€cancellation€has€no€necessary€bearing€on€the€discrepancy€between€the€two€versions.€ThisÏcancelation€in€MS€VIII,€incidentally,€may€or€may€not€have€been€by€Ruskin:€the€stanza€is€crossed€in€pencil,€perhaps€byÏthe€same€hand€that€had€penciled€in€a€word€in€that€same€stanza„„a€hand€that€appears€closer€to€Margaretððs€than€Ruskinððs.)Ìà  àIn€MS€VII,€five€stanzas€and€the€first€four€lines€of€the€sixth€are€fair„copied.€Here,€the€fifth€stanza€matches€theÏfifth€in€MS€VIII;€i.e.,€the€stanza€omitted€in€the€MS€V€fair€copy€is€not€dropped€in€MS€VII.€Also,€the€verso€(59v)€of€theÏtitle€page€in€MS€VII€has€penciled€lightly€ð ðCanto€Firstðð;€and,€opposite€this€(60r),€is€penciled€lightly€ð ðTHEÏARGUMENTðð„„indicating€the€divisions€Ruskin€intended€for€the€long€poem.Ìà  àIn€MS€IA,€a€folded€sheet€contains€seven€fair„copied€stanzas.€As€in€MS€VII,€the€fifth€stanza,€omitted€from€MSÏV,€is€retained€in€this€copy.€Here,€the€stanzas€are€unnumbered,€and€the€hand€is€Margaret€Ruskinððs.€The€relative€datingÏof€these€three€fair„copy€versions€will€be€discussed€below.Ìà  àThe€composition€of€ð ðAthensðð€can€be€dated€as€its€stanzas€appear€intermittently€in€MS€VIII€relative€to€otherÏpoems.€The€draft€of€stanzas€1„4€precedes€ð ðIteriad,ðð€4:297„320,€which€Ruskin€had€reached€in€the€earlier€epic€perhaps€byÏlate€August€or€September€1831,€so€he€must€have€commenced€writing€his€second€epic€during€those€months.€(SeptemberÏseems€more€likely,€since€that€ð ðIteriadðð€draft€is€followed€shortly€in€MS€VIII€by€no.€138,€dated€ð ðOct.ðð)€The€next€stanzas,Ï5„9,€follow€nos.€147€(November€30)€and€148€(December€1831€to€January€1832,€but€probably€December);€thus€theÏcontinuation€of€ð ðAthensðð€probably€belongs€to€December€1831.€(This€set€of€stanzas,€incidentally,€is€framed€by€theÏmock„epic€verses,€nos.€148€and€149.)€The€following€stanzas€alternate€with€shorter€poems€throughout€this€period€ofÏDecember€1831€through€January€1832:€10„12€following€no.€150€and€preceding€no.€151,€and€therefore€belonging€toÏthe€December„January€period;€13„14€following€no.€152,€which€almost€certainly€was€composed€in€January;€15„18Ïbetween€nos.€154€and€155,€still€belonging€to€January.Ìà  àAfter€a€slight€hiatus,€the€poem€resumes€in€MS€VIII€with€stanza€19,€following€no.€160€which€is€dated€12ÏFebruary€by€Ruskin.€Stanzas€20„21€follow€poetry€being€prepared€for€John€Jamesððs€May€10€birthday€of€1832,€no.€164.ÏWhat€was€to€prove€the€final€installment€(or€the€last€known)€is€entered€immediately€before€no.€168,€which€is€datedÏSeptember€1832,€although€it€is€impossible€to€determine€how€much€time€may€have€elapsed€between€composing€thisÏstanza€and€no.€168„„perhaps€the€entire€summer.€This€final,€single€stanza€is€unnumbered€and€its€generalized€descriptiveÏcontent€gives€no€indication€where€in€the€epic€it€should€fit.€Its€first€line,€ð ðThe€sunset€shone€upon€the€isles€of€Greece,ððÐ .h)5 Ðreads€like€a€new€opening€for€the€poem,€or,€more€likely,€the€opening€of€a€projected€second€canto.Ì€à  àOne€notes€the€lapse€of€time€between€the€penultimate€known€stanzas,€20„21,€from€March€or€May,€1832,€andÐ xÈ Ðthe€last€known€stanza,€possibly€from€September.€The€lapse€is€probably€owing€to€the€family€holiday€in€Dover€andÏHastings,€22€May€through€19€July,€a€period€from€which€little€writing€is€extant€(see€nos.€166„67).€At€this€time,€RuskinÏmay€have€been€more€preoccupied€with€sketching€(see€MS€VIIIA).Ìà  àMeanwhile,€Ruskin€had€begun€fair„copying€the€poem.€The€variants€in€MSS€IA,€V,€and€VII€reveal,€in€myÏinterpretation,€that€MS€IA€in€Margaretððs€hand€is€the€earliest€fair€copy.€Soon€afterward,€Ruskin€began€his€own€fair€copyÏin€MS€V,€using€the€draft,€not€his€motherððs€copy€of€the€earlier€stanzas,€for€his€copytext.€MS€VII,€which€bears€the€leastÏrelation€to€the€others€in€punctuation€variants,€was€begun€later.Ìà  àThe€MS€IA€fair€copy€of€seven€stanzas,€in€Margaretððs€hand,€is€undated€and€cannot€be€dated€by€physicalÏevidence;€however,€several€factors€point€to€late€1831.€First,€on€the€evidence€of€MS€VIII,€the€opening€nine€stanzas€ofÏð ðAthensðð€had€been€composed€by€December€1831.€MS€IA€probably€belongs€to€the€same€period,€since€the€fair€copy€isÏuntitled,€and€the€earliest€entitled€draft,€as€already€noted,€starts€with€stanza€10,€from€late€December€1831€or€JanuaryÏ1832.€(ð ðAthensðð€has€been€written€in€pencil€at€the€top€of€MS€IA,€but€the€hand€does€not€belong€to€any€of€the€Ruskins.€IÏbelieve€it€is€Collingwoodððs,€who€not€infrequently€identified€titles€and€dates€on€the€manuscripts,€while€preparing€òòPJRóó.)Ð  ð  ÐThe€probable€dating€suggests€that€this€single€folded€sheet€may€have€been€meant€as€a€New€Yearððs€gift,€although€I€knowÏof€no€other€such€presentation€in€Margaretððs€hand.€Margaretððs€fair€copies€were€usually€sent€to€John€James€while€he€wasÏtraveling,€but€òòRFLóó€contains€no€other€letters€from€later€1831.Ð øH  Ðà  àRuskinððs€own€fair€copy€in€MS€V€cannot€have€been€started€earlier€than€no.€151€(December€1831€to€JanuaryÏ1832),€which€precedes€it,€and€cannot€have€been€finished€later€than€nos.€159„60€(February€5€and€12,€1832),€whichÏfollow€it.€I€believe€that€Ruskin€commenced€his€fair€copy€very€soon€after€Margaretððs€and€independently€of€hers.€First,ÏMS€V,€like€MS€IA,€is€untitled,€indicating€a€date€before€1832.€(Again,€the€title€is€penciled€in,€but€in€the€same€hand,Ïprobably€Collingwoodððs,€that€docketed€MS€IA.)€Second,€Ruskin€and€his€mother€each€made€minor€adjustments€in€theÏwording€and€punctuation€of€the€MS€VIII€draft,€variants€that€remain€peculiar€to€their€respective€manuscripts,€showingÏno€influence€of€one€on€the€other.€This€is€very€clear€in€the€last„copied€stanza€of€MS€IA,€stanza€7,€in€which€MargaretÏfollowed€the€MS€VIII€draft€much€more€closely€than€did€her€son€in€MS€V.€This€fair„copying€through€the€seventeenthÏstanza€(i.e.,€the€eighteenth€of€draft,€MS€V€having€dropped€a€stanza)€accords€well€with€MS€VIII,€which€shows€theÏcomposition€of€stanzas€15„18€situated€between€nos.€154„55€(December€1831€to€January€1832).€Moreover,€theÏnineteenth€stanza,€not€fair„copied€in€MS€V,€immediately€follows€no.€160€in€MS€VIII€draft€(February€12),€which€RuskinÏdid€enter€in€MS€V€after€his€ð ðAthensðð€stanzas.€Only€three€stanzas,€19„21,€would€be€drafted€in€MS€VIII,€before€theÏRuskins€departed€for€their€travels€in€the€southeast.ÌÌà  àThe€MS€VII€fair€copy€cannot€have€commenced€earlier€than€January€11,€1832,€when€Ruskin€put€his€finalÏflourish€to€the€ð ðFinisðð€of€ð ðIteriadðð€preceding€ð ðAthens,ðð€and€he€still€had€plans€to€add€ð ðnotesðð€to€the€earlier€poem€(seeÏno.€91).€By€this€time,€as€already€discussed,€he€had€certainly€composed€far€more€than€the€first€five€and€a€half€stanzas€thatÏhe€managed€to€give€the€elaborate€treatment€of€MS€VII.€This€abandoned€project€may€postdate€the€MS€V€fair€copy€ofÏlate€January€and€early€February€1832,€since€Ruskin€had€at€least€settled€definitely€on€his€main€title€(if€not€his€subtitle),Ïwhich€appears€to€have€been€left€open€for€revision€in€MSS€IA€and€V.Ìà  àFair„copying€in€general€appears€to€have€reached€a€hiatus€in€these€first€few€months€of€1832.€MS€V€was€notÏused€after€the€fair€copies€of€ð ðAthensðð€and€of€nos.€159„60€in€February,€and€MS€VII€was€presumably€abandonedÏsometime€not€long€afterward.€Even€this€yearððs€birthday€ode€for€John€James€(no.€164),€although€a€part€of€its€fair„copyÏpresentation€survives€in€MS€IA,€recycled€material€from€the€previous€yearððs€ode€(no.€118a).Ìà  àThere€may€be€reasons€for€the€interrupted€composition€and€fair„copying€of€ð ðAthensðð€that€were€moreÏcomplicated€than€the€familyððs€holiday€or€Ruskinððs€distraction€by€sketching€during€that€tour.€In€a€draft€Latin€poem,€no.Ï165,€from€spring€or€fall€1832,€although€his€meaning€is€obscure,€Ruskin€appears€to€beg€his€father€for€a€new€ð ðquartoððÏlike€the€notebook€devoted€to€ð ðIteriadðð€(MS€VII).€The€poem€does€not€mention€ð ðAthensðð€specifically,€but€his€epic€styleÏ(ð ðAspice,€pater,€invocationemðð)€suggests€that€he€wanted€a€fresh€notebook€to€fair„copy€his€new€epic.€Ruskin€may€notÏhave€received€this€ð ðboon,ðð€since€the€incomplete€fair„copying€was€begun€and€abandoned€in€MS€VII€itself;€at€least,€noÏother€notebook€with€ð ðAthensðð€survives.€See€no.€165.Ìà  àIt€is€possible€that€the€ð ðAthensðð€project€became€overcast€by€discouragement,€in€spring€or€fall€1832,€owing€toÏparental€prohibitions.€A€check€may€have€been€placed€on€Ruskinððs€poetry,€following€the€astounding€outpouring€of€1831Ï(see€no.€176).€In€keeping€with€these€limitations,€the€manuscripts€of€ð ðAthensðð€may€record€a€struggle€of€wills€betweenÏRuskin€and€his€mother.€In€the€MS€IA€fair€copy,€which€is€apparently€in€Margaretððs€hand,€the€ninth€line€of€the€fifthÏstanza€reads€ð ðBut€wake€not€those€below€their€foam€who€lie.ðð€Beneath€ð ðwake,ðð€this€hand€has€penciled€in€the€moreÐ .h)5 Ðproprietous€ð ðthem„„they€sleep€eternally.ðð€In€MS€VIII,€Ruskin€rejected€that€reading:€ð ðBut€wake€not€€those€below€their€foam€who€lie.ðð€And€on€the€back€endpaper€of€MS€VIII,€Ruskin€dwelled€particularly€on€theÏissue,€noting€ð ðFor€him€9th€Verse€5th€Persiad€(But€wake€not€those€below€€beðð„„with€ð ðtheir€foamððÏwritten€above€ð ð,ðð€and€ð ðthatðð€written€below€ð ð.ðð€This€fifth€stanza€is€the€one€that€Ruskin€droppedÏaltogether€from€the€MS€V€fair€copy.€In€MS€VII,€the€fair€copy€does€read€ð ðBut€wake€not€them:€They€sleep€eternally,ðð€butÏRuskin€carried€on€the€fair„copying€only€for€four€more€lines€into€the€sixth€stanza.Ìà  àThus,€the€abandonment€of€ð ðAthensðð€and€its€fair„copying€may€have€been€connected€with€issues€of€control€overÏRuskinððs€poetry.€Margaret,€it€may€be€added,€may€not€have€been€able€to€translate€Ruskinððs€Latin€application€for€a€newÏð ðquartoðð€(no.€165),€so€Ruskin€may€have€been€playing€his€more€sympathetic€father€off€of€his€mother.€In€any€case,€byÏ1833„34,€Ruskin€would€have€been€distracted€from€ð ðAthensðð€altogether,€by€new€interests€in€the€familyððs€firstÏContinental€tour€(no.€180)€and€in€work€on€the€Sermon€Books.€The€Sermon€Books€themselves€may€be€a€concession€toÏhis€mother,€allowing€him€the€freedom€for€poetic€pursuits€in€MS€IX.Ìà  àDespite€these€concessions€and€distractions,€Ruskin€may€have€entertained€further€ambitions€for€ð ðAthens.ðð€MSÏXIA,€dating€from€early€1832€or€early€1833€and€afterward,€contains€on€its€front€inside€endboard€a€draft€of€a€plan€forÏsome€work€on€Greek€history„„perhaps€an€expansion€of€ð ðAthens,ðð€or€a€projected€prose€work€on€the€same€subject€thatÏwas€never€realized.€These€notes„„undated,€but€in€style€closely€resembling€the€sermon€drafts€of€1833„34€(nos.€174„75,Ï182)„„show€more€familiarity€with€Herodotus€(or€an€account€derived€from€the€Greek€historian)€than€do€the€extant€versesÏof€ð ðAthens.ððÌà0  à[Pelasge(?)]€€Ellenes€mention€of€them€made€in€Herodotus.€/€Grecian€Mythology€its€origin€&€[peculiarities(?)].Ï/€Grecian€colonies€on€shores€of€Euxine.€/€Oracles,€name€most€celebrated€/€Trace€[connection(?)]€betweenÏGreece€&€Egypt€rites€&€institutions€/€Sketch€of€the€state€of€Asiatic€Empires€at€beginning€of€reign€of€CroesusÏ/€Institutions€of€Lycurgus€probable€dates€particulars€of€history€/€Geographical€sketch€of€Greece€to€MacedoniaÏ/€Sketch€of€the€political€state€of€Thessaly.€/€Geog.€description€of€Egypt€/€Macedonian€EmpireÐ (#(# ÐThe€first€available€mention€of€a€ð ðHerodotusðð€being€purchased€for€the€household€occurs€in€November€1834€(òòRFLóó,€286Ð ¨ø Ðn.€1),€too€late€for€ð ðAthensðð€though€not,€perhaps,€for€these€prose€notes.€In€any€case,€Ruskin€had€some€acquaintanceÏwith€the€Greek€historian,€if€largely€at€second€hand,€well€before€he€went€to€Oxford€(see€also€òòRFLóó,€351).€At€Oxford,€heÐ 8ˆ Ðsustained€his€enthusiasm€for€Herodotean€subjects,€which€inspired€nos.€253,€257,€259„60,€and€ð ðUndatableðð€no.€C.Ìà  àð ðAthensðð€itself€reflects€little€knowledge€of€its€Herodotean€subject.€Ruskin€probably€gathered€his€scantyÏhistorical€material€from€Charles€Rollinððs€òòAncient€History€of€the€Egyptians€.€.€.€and€Greciansóó,€which€he€and€his€motherÐ à Ðwere€reading€in€early€1831€(òòRFLóó,€228;€see€also€no.€74).€The€poem€is€more€heavily€indebted€to€Byronððs€òòChilde€HaroldððsÐ X¨ ÐPilgrimageóó€and€òòDon€Juanóó€than€to€Herodotusðð€history,€especially€in€the€earlier€and€last„composed€stanzas.€The€poemÐ  p Ðemploys€Byronððs€Spenserian€stanza€form€from€òòChilde€Haroldóó.Ð è8 Ðà  àIn€the€middle€stanzas,€12„16,€Ruskinððs€style€suddenly€veres€markedly€from€the€Byronic€to€the€Wordsworthian,Ïshowing€the€influence€of€òòThe€Excursionóó€in€general,€and€of€ð ðThe€Brothersðð€in€particular.€Although€the€influence€ofÐ xÈ! ÐWordsworthððs€shorter€poems€can€be€detected€in€some€earlier€poems€by€Ruskin€(e.g.,€ð ðMy€heart€leaps€up€when€IÏbeholdðð€in€no.€103),€the€first€positive€declaration€in€favor€of€Wordsworthððs€influence,€I€believe,€is€in€ð ðAthensðð„„not,€asÏhas€been€argued,€in€the€earlier€epic€ð ðIteriad,ðð€which€is€thoroughly€Byronic.Ìà  àAs€main€copytext,€the€MS€VIII€draft€would€be€the€most€complete€but€also€the€most€obtrusive€with€itsÏnumerous€revisions.€I€have€decided,€therefore,€to€use€the€MS€V€fair€copy€as€the€main€copytext€for€stanzas€1„17€(i.e.,€1„¼18€in€MS€VIII,€since€stanza€5€of€the€MS€VIII€draft€was€dropped€from€MS€V)€and€the€MS€IA€fair€copy€for€stanza€5.€ForÏthe€remaining€stanzas,€MS€VIII€is€the€only€source.€Variants€are€provided€in€the€textual€notes.€The€seven€MS€IA€stanzas,Ïunlike€the€other€MSS,€are€unnumbered.€In€the€list€of€variants,€readers€should€carefully€attend€to€text€cited€in€angleÏbrackets€from€MS€VIII,€text€that€was€stricken€by€Ruskin.ÌÌThou€muse€who€once€from€fair€Parnassus€heightÌFanned€agd€Homer€with€thy€plumy€wingsÌWho€told€of€Greece€and€Trojas€ancient€mightÌAnd€fierce€Achilles€anger.€Thou€that€singsÌOf€the€warfield€where€the€broad€banner€flingsÌIts€folds€oer€many€a€corse€of€heroes€slainÌNow€sing€once€more€of€ancient€Grcias€kingsÌWho€fought€against€a€haughty€tyrants€chainÌTake€up€thy€lyre,€awake€its€slumbððring€voice€againÌÐ .h)5 Ðà@¶¶)ìàIIˆÌOer€the€wide€fields€of€sea€encircled€GreeceÌOh€ancient€òòATHENSóó€thou€who€once€didst€reignÐ @ ÐIn€gory€war€or€olive€bearing€peaceÌRuler€of€Thebes€and€rugged€Spartaððs€baneÌI€sing€thee€now€in€a€less€noble€strainÌThan€formerly€when€white€haired€HòòOMERóó€gaveÐ ` ° ÐHis€living€lay€at€bright€Apolloððs€faneÌThat€sung€the€dirges€of€thy€young€and€brave,ÌWho€found€at€Trojas€wide€and€sandy€plain€a€graveÌÌà@››)ìàIIIˆÌOh€ruined€Athens€where€thy€glory€nowÌIst€hovering€oer€thy€ruins€stern€and€greyÌThou€who€didst€tear€from€Xerxes€haughty€browÌThe€wreath€that€he€so€late€had€grasped€of€bayÌSpite€of€his€golden€crested€stern€arrayòò1óóÐ 0€  ÐWhere€is€thy€glory€that€so€dearly€wonÌAnd€bought€by€blood€upon€that€glorious€dayÌWhere€is€thy€might€thy€power€thy€grandeur€goneÌLet€their€proud€spirits€tell€who€died€at€òòMARATHONóóÐ P  Ðà@™™)ìàIVˆÌAnd€art€thou€gone€for€ever€€Oer€the€deepÌEchoes€the€voice€of€armies€now€no€moreÌNow€only€on€the€breezes€sullen€sweepÌThe€ocean€which€erst€while€those€armies€boreÌPours€forth€its€angry€everlasting€roarÌAs€to€the€rocks€the€sounding€waters€glideÌNot€now€their€billows€blush€with€heroes€goreÌNow€only€beats€in€briny€foam€the€tideÌAnd€snowy€crests€upon€its€wild€waves€rideÌà@››)ìàVòò2óóˆÐ è8 ÐOh€ye€wild€winds€that€oer€their€watery€graveÌIn€hoarse,€and€hollow€soundings€onward€sweepÌHowl€not€so€loudly€oer€their€bosoms€braveÌBreak€not€their€slumber,€that€entrancing€sleepÌThat€waits€the€dead€when€pillowed€on€the€deepÌThey€rest,€lulled€softly€by€the€oceans€sighÌThe€eagle€circling€round€the€seabeat€steepÌMay€make€the€billows€answer€to€its€cryÌBut€wake€not€those€below€their€foam€who€lie.Ìà@™™)ìàVIˆÌLittle€the€young€and€mighty€Xerxes€thoughtÌWhen€first€he€counted€all€his€myriads€oerÌAnd€scarcely€told€their€sum,€a€time€how€shortÌShould€see€him€flying€from€the€Grecian€shoreÌAnd€him€the€same€who€once€nor€long€beforeÌHad€driven€Scamander€back€unto€his€headÌAnd€dried€his€channel€now€one€galley€boreÌHis€pride€together€with€his€power€twas€fledÌAnd€where€his€pristine€glory?€With€the€deadÌà@~~)ìàVIIˆÌAnd€such€the€force€that€Persias€king€could€boastÌAy€thousands€millions€myriads€indeedÐ .h)5 ÐHe€might€be€proud€who€looked€on€such€a€hostÌAnd€marked€them€for€his€own€his€eager€steedÌPawing€the€ground€impatient€he€might€leadÌThat€sea€of€plumes€to€battle€€They€were€doomedÌOn€deep€Salamis€ocean€fields€to€bleedÌAnd€in€its€yawning€gulph€to€be€entombedÌWhile€the€relentless€wave€above€them€boomedÌà@cc(ìàVIIIˆÌThey€came€the€plumes€upon€their€helmets€dancingÌTheir€young€and€eager€monarch€at€their€headÌTheir€golden€armour€in€the€sunbeams€glancingÌA€sea€of€bright€translucent€splendour€shedÌAnd€earth€all€trembling€shook€beneath€their€treadÌAs€when€some€gloomy€vast€and€boundless€deepÌHeaps€wave€on€wave€with€all€its€murmurs€dreadÌBillow€on€billow€with€successive€sweepÌSo€pressed€the€warriors€on€a€plumy€foaming€sheetÌà@)ìàIXˆÌThey€past,€but€on€their€track€behind€them€prestÌRiding€upon€the€swift€wings€of€the€galeÌThe€demon€desolation€€Horrid€guestÌAttending€wars€red€footsteps.€Famine€paleÌDid€follow.€Shrouded€in€his€cloudy€veilÌDeath€like€some€lurking€monster€glaring€downÌAll€in€his€fiery€chariot€seemed€to€sailÌAnd€night€back€trembling€started€at€the€frownÌThat€marked€his€bony€brow,€seared€by€his€lightning€crownÌà@¸¸*ìàXˆÌAnd€is€it€thus€that€pomp€and€pageantryÌMust€leave€behind€them€such€a€gloomy€trainÌAnd€must€it€be€that€purple€luxuryÌAnd€royal€grandeur€shall€be€all€in€vainÌIs€this€that€kingly€pomp€€But€neer€againÌShall€Xerxes€lead€those€legions€€He€shall€mournÌThe€time€for€ever€past€with€grief€and€shameÌAll€oer€the€lonely€deep€from€Graecia€borneÌAnd€like€an€exile€king€unpitied€and€forlornÌà@)ìàXIˆÌBut€leave€my€muse€this€melancholy€layÌFull€soon€shalt€thou€resume€the€mournful€knellÌAlas€too€quickly€comes€the€blood€stained€dayÌThat€weeps€for€heroes€dead€But€take€thy€shellÌAnd€all€in€softer€mellower€numbers€tellÌTill€flinty€rocks€shall€list€the€flowing€strainÌWhat€forces€Xerxes€led€what€heroes€fellÌThose€chieftains€birth€and€eke€from€whence€they€cameÌTheir€fathers€ancient€deeds€their€lineage€and€their€nameÌà@‚‚)ìàXIIˆÌAnd€first€thou€young€Hydaspesòò3óó€€What€althoughÐ 0*€%0 ÐThy€parents€came€not€of€a€kingly€lineÌFor€oh€a€long€futurity€shall€showÌThat€natures€proud€nobility€was€thineÌAnd€not€ancestral€honours€drowned€in€timeÌA€mighty€mind€as€innocent€as€pureÐ .h)5 ÐThat€through€the€mists€of€lowliness€would€shineÌHumble€not€abject,€rich€although€obscureÌHe€had€a€virtuous€mind€the€riches€of€the€pooròò4óóÐ @ Ðà@gg(ìàXIIIˆÌHe€had€a€brother.òò5óó€They€were€kindred€soulsÐ Ð  ÐFor€they€were€twins€in€age€and€mind€the€sameÌAnd€where€the€wave€of€bright€Hydaspes€rollsÌThe€Indian€stream€that€gave€to€him€his€nameÌThey€learned€the€tigers€savageness€to€tameÌOr€the€dread€hooded€serpents€folds€to€pressÌWhen€hissed€her€head€on€high€with€eyes€of€flameÌAnd€as€before€them€fled€the€lionessÌFearless€and€scatheless€walked€the€wildernessÌà@ee)ìàXIVˆÌAnd€they€had€trod€the€stormy€mountains€ridgeÌTo€all€the€tribes€of€man€a€mighty€barÌOr€on€the€cliffs€upraised€and€giddy€edgeÌLooked€down€triumphant€on€the€scene€afarÌWhere€the€proud€battlements€of€many€a€scarÌConfusedly€rising€round€them€clove€the€skyÌWhere€nature€seemed€to€wage€a€mountain€warÌLong€time€they€often€lingered€upon€highÌWhere€the€snow€wreaths€hung€round€eternallyÌà@€€)ìàXVˆÌAnd€hordes€they€led€as€swift€as€is€the€breezeÌThat€flies€across€the€oceans€foam€so€lightÌOr€as€the€mountain€elk€that€challengesÌThe€Scythian€arrow€to€outstrip€his€flightÌBut€firm€and€slow€retreating€from€the€fightÌStrong€as€their€native€lion€bathed€in€goreÌPawing€the€earth€exulting€in€his€mightÌAnd€the€wide€forest€echoing€to€his€roarÌLike€sound€of€winter€waves€that€bellow€on€the€shoreÌà@ee)ìàXVIˆÌAnd€he€the€born€upon€the€battle€fieldÌYoung€Moriartesòò6óó€who€upon€a€heapÐ  X# ÐOf€gory€corses€on€a€warriors€shieldÌResting€while€war€was€raging€round€did€sleepÌHigh€pillowed€on€the€crest€of€that€famed€steepÌThat€looks€on€Marathon€with€infant€eyeÌSaw€the€rude€tide€of€battle€onwards€sweepÌAs€on€the€rugged€mountain€he€did€lieÌAnd€born€in€Greece€in€Greece€was€doomed€to€dieÌà@JJ(ìàXVIIˆÌ(O€Marathon€thou€field€of€victoryÌIf€ever€Greece€should€cease€to€be€a€slaveÌLet€her€look€back€to€ancient€deeds€and€sighÌFor€loss€of€glory€which€her€fathers€gaveÌBought€with€their€noble€lives€or€will€her€braveÌBurst€from€the€fetters€of€the€narrow€bedÌBreaking€the€sods€which€clasp€their€gory€graveÌAnd€tell€old€Greece€that€they€for€her€have€bledÌAnd€deep€reproaching€her€forgetful€of€the€deadòò7óóÐ P- (4 Ðà@//(ìàXVIIIˆÐ .h)5 ÐOh€if€this€sad€and€simple€lay€of€mineÌCould€give€thee€down€unto€posterityÌThou€shouldððst€have€ridden€on€the€wings€of€timeÌAnd€only€with€creations€self€should€dieÌLet€not€thy€parent€oer€thine€ashes€sighÌFor€thou€shalt€live€through€many€distant€daysÌThough€neath€the€ocean€now€thy€corse€may€lieÌAgain€thy€name€shall€shine€in€future€laysÌAnd€harps€of€nobler€string€record€a€warriors€praiseÌà@PP(ìàXIXòò8óóˆÐ ¸   ÐHis€was€a€€gloomy€and€sequestered€mindÌMen€say€that€on€the€night€when€he€was€bornÌThere€was€a€strange€sad€sighing€in€the€windÌAnd€many€an€ominous€and€awful€formÌRode€the€dark€clouds€that€bore€the€bursting€stormÌAs€the€red€lightning€those€wide€heavens€spanned€ÌAnd€sounds€of€wailing€as€of€those€that€mournÌEver€for€the€dead€and€many€a€spectre€handÌSeemed€lifting€high€the€[(?)]€battle€brand€Ìà@˜˜)ìà20ˆÌHis€was€a€soul€of€solitude€His€earÌLiked€not€the€hum€of€thousands€He€would€paceÌ(At€midnight€when€the€azure€heavens€were€clearÌThe€paths€of€some€wild€desert€wildernessÌAs€if€his€soul€would€haste€to€seek€its€placeÌWinging€its€€vast€and€its€aerial€wayÌà0  àà ° àTo€that€bright€home€of€light€and€lovelinessòò9óóÐP(#(# ÐBreaking€the€bands€of€its€confining€clayÌThat€shackled€it€on€earth€and€haste€to€spring€awayÌà@ff(ìà21òò10óóˆÐ X¨ ÐThere€was€a€sad€and€settled€gloominessÌThat€brooded€oer€his€features,€and€if€eerÌHe€smiled€twas€not€€a€smile€of€happinessÌHe€never€could€forget€the€secret€careÌThat€weighed€upon€his€bosom€rooted€thereÌà0  àà ° àToo€deep€for€consolation€€One€young€€boyÐ (#(# ÐHad€followed€him€from€far€and€he€would€shareÌHis€[fits(?)]€of€grief€with€purest€sympathy.òò11óóÐ ˜!è% Ðà0  àà ° àHe€loved€him€much,€€but€none€save€him€loved€herÐ (#(# Ðà@   ìà[unnumbered€stanza]òò12óóˆÐ (#x' ÐThe€sunset€shone€upon€the€isles€of€GreeceÌAnd€ocean€where€the€heavens€misty€blueÌWas€mingling€with€the€deep€which€lay,€in€peaceÌFar€to€the€west€its€world€of€waters€threwÌTo€those€<[peace(?)]>€fair€isles,€that€seemed€as€if€they€grewÌEach€in€itself€one€[òòoróó€an]€Oasis.€the€wasteÐ Ø'(#- ÐStretching€around,€beyond€them,€and€light€blewÌThe€evening€zephyr€on€the€deep€and€<[(?)]>€castÌWhite€foam€upon€the€wave€as€murmuring€it€past.ÌÌà  àòò1óóIn€MS€V,€an€asterisk€after€ð ðsternðð€refers€to€a€footnote,€ð ð*fair.ððÐ À+'2 Ðà  àòò2óóFrom€MS€IA;€not€in€MS€V€(see€headnote).€Hereafter,€stanza€numbering€follows€MSS€IA,€VII,€VIII.Ð ˆ,Ø'3 Ðà  àòò3óóThe€name€might€be€derived€from€Rollinððs€òòAncient€Historyóó€(4€vols.€[New€York:€A.€L.€Burt,€n.d.]€2:€136ð!ð37,Ð P- (4 Ð156ð!ð57),€which€mentions€a€Hystaspes,€who€took€refuge€in€the€country€from€the€murderous€plotting€of€his€father€andÐ .h)5 Ðbrothers€and€from€the€jealousy€and€cruelty€of€Xerxesðð€wife.Ìà  àòò4óóSee€Wordsworthððs€description€of€the€Pedlarððs€childhood,€born€in€ð ða€virtuous€household,€though€exceedingÐ xÈ Ðpoor,ðð€in€òòThe€Excursionóó€(I:108„96).Ð @ Ðà  àòò5óóWith€stzs.€13„16,€compare€Wordsworthððs€ð ðThe€Brothers.ððÐ X Ðà  àòò6óóThe€name€ð ðMoriartes,ðð€which€does€not€appear€in€Rollin€or€Herodotus,€might€be€Ruskinððs€derivation€fromÐ Ð  ÐByronððs€òòChilde€Haroldóó,€in€which€the€ð ðtwin€namesðð€of€the€battlefields€of€Morat€and€of€Marathon€are€ascribed€ð ðstainlessÐ ˜è Ðvictories,€/€Won€by€the€unambitious€heart€and€hand€/€Of€a€proud,€brotherly,€and€civic€bandðð€(can.€3,€stz.€64).€RuskinÏprobably€borrowed€also€from€the€Greek€poet€in€òòDon€Juanóó,€who€alludes€to€Xerxes€on€a€ð ðrocky€browðð€reviewing€hisÐ ( x Ðdoomed€navy;€and€the€Greek€poet€himself€desires€to€be€placed€ð ðon€Suniumððs€marbled€steep,€/€Where€nothing,€save€theÏwaves€and€I,€/€May€hear€our€mutual€murmurs€sweepðð€(can.€3,€stz.€86.4,€16).Ìà  àòò7óóCompare€Byronððs€elegiac€address€to€Athens€at€the€start€of€canto€2€of€òòChilde€Haroldððs€Pilgrimageóó.Ð € Ð  Ðà  àòò8óóFrom€stz.€19€to€the€end,€the€text€is€taken€from€MS€VIII.Ð H ˜  Ðà  àòò9óóòòLovelinessóó„„the€draft,€which€is€very€rough,€perhaps€should€be€read€òòlonelinessóó.Ð `  Ðà  àòò10óóAbove€stz.€21€is€a€small€outline€of€a€single,€lone€tower,€and€then€a€small€drawing€of€a€double€set€of€towersÐ Ø(  Ðconnected€by€a€wall„„the€double€towers€more€finely€sketched€with€brickwork€and€shadow.€Although€the€connectionÏmay€be€coincidental,€see€a€passage€in€òòChilde€Haroldóó€following€that€pointed€out€in€n.€6€above,€in€which€ð ðby€a€lone€wallÐ h¸  Ða€lonelier€column€rearsðð€(can.€3,€stz.€65).Ìà  àòò11óóPossibly€an€adaptation€of€Haroldððs€parting€with€his€young€page€in€the€ð ðGood€Nightðð€of€òòChilde€Haroldóó€(can.Ð øH  Ð1,€stz.€13.3„5).Ìà  àòò12óóRuskin€wrote€ð ðAthensðð€above€the€stanza,€identifying€it€definitely€as€part€of€the€poem,€but€this€stanza,€the€lastÐ ˆØ Ðto€appear€in€MS€VIII,€is€the€only€one€he€failed€to€number.€Since€Ruskin€frequently€did€not€number€the€first€stanzas€ofÏpoems,€the€unnumbered€stanza€may€have€been€intended€as€the€opening€of€a€second€canto„„an€extension€of€ð ðAthensððÏthat€was€clearly€projected€in€MS€VII.€Alternatively,€the€stanza€might€have€been€meant€to€replace€another,€existingÏstanza.ÌÌà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€1,€MSS€V,€VIIIóó€muse]€Muse€òòMS€IA;óó€muse,€òòMS€VIIÐ 8ˆ Ðóóà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€2,€MS€Vóó€agd]€aged€òòMSS€IA,€VII,€VIII;€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIIóó€wings]€wings,€òòMS€VIIóóÐ P Ðà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€3,€MSS€V,€VIIIóó€Greece]€Greece,€òòMSS€IA,€VII;€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIIóó€might]€might,€òòMS€VIIóóÐ È Ðà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€4,€MS€Vóó€And€fierce€Achilles€anger.€Thou€that€sings]€€singsÐ à Ðòòwith€the€following€revision€inserted€above€that€canceled€phrase€but€before€ð ðsingsðð:óó€O€thou€whose€lyre€all€wildÐ X¨ Ðresounding€sings€òòMS€VIII;óó€And€fierce€Achilles€anger!€Thou€that€sings€òòMS€IA;óó€And€fierce€Achilles€anger;€Thou€thatÐ  p Ðsings€òòMS€VIIóóÐ è8 Ðà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€5,€MS€Vóó€warfield]€war€field€òòMSS€IA,€VIII;óó€war€field,€òòMS€VII;€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIIóó€heroes€slain]€herosÐ °  Ðslain,€òòMS€VIIóóÐ xÈ! Ðà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€6,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€Its]€€Its€òòMS€VIII;€MSS€V,€VII,€VIIIóó€oer]€oððer€òòMS€IAóóÐ @" Ðà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€7,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€Now€sing]€€Now€sing€òòMS€VIII;€MS€Vóó€Grcias€kings]€Graeciaððs€kings€òòMS€IA;óóÐ  X# ÐGraecias€king€òòMS€VIII;óó€Graecias€kings,€òòMS€VIIóóÐ Ð $ Ðà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€8,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€chain]€chain.€òòMS€VIII;€MS€VIIóó€chain:Ð ˜!è% Ðà  àòòStz.€1,€l.€9,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIIóó€lyre,€awake]€lyre:€Awake€òòMS€VII;€MSS€V,€VIIIóó€again]€again.€òòMSS€IA,€VIIóóÐ `"°& Ðà  àòòPreceding€stz.€2,€l.€1€as€in€MSS€IA,€V,€the€following€canceled€text€is€in€MS€VIII:óóÐ (#x' Ðà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌà  àà ` àÌà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€2,€MSS€V,€VIIóó€ATHENS]€Athens€òòMS€VIII;óó€Athens,€òòMS€IA;€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€reign]€reign.€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ Ø'(#- Ðà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€3,€MS€V,€VIIóó€In€gory€war€or]€€In€gory€war€or€òòMS€VIII;óó€In€gory€war,€or€òòMS€IAóóÐ  (ð#. Ðà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€4,€MS€Vóó€Thebes€and€rugged€Spartaððs€bane]€Thebes€and€Rugged€Spartas€Bane€òòMS€VIII;óó€Thebes,€andÐ h)¸$/ Ðrugged€Spartaððs€bane€òòMS€IA;óó€Thebes€and€rugged€Spartas€bane€òòMS€VIIóóÐ 0*€%0 Ðà  àòòStz.€2,€between€ll.€5€and€6€as€in€MSS€IA,€V,€the€following€canceled€text€is€in€MS€VIII:óóÐ ø*H&1 Ðà  àà ` à€[strong(?)]€fameÌà  àà ` àPoured€from€a€lyre€more€nobly€was€heardÌà  àà ` à<[When€.€.€.€(?)]>€sung€the€bard>Ð .h)5 Ðà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€6,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€white€haired€HOMER]€whitehaired€Homer€òòMS€VIII;óó€white€haired€Homer€òòMSS€IA,€VIIóóÐ ° Ðà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€7,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€Apolloððs]€Apollos€òòMS€VII,€VIIIóóÐ xÈ Ðà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€8,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€That]€€That€òòMS€VIII;óó€òòMSS€IA,€Vóó€brave,]€€brave€òòMS€VIII;óó€brave€òòMSÐ @ ÐVIIóóÐ X Ðà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€9,€MSS€V,€VIIóó€and]€&€òòMSS€IA,€VIII;óó€òòMS€V,€VII,€VIIIóó€grave]€grave.€òòMS€IAóóÐ Ð  Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€1,€MS€Vóó€Athens€where]€Athens€Where€òòMS€VIII;óó€Athens!€where€òòMS€IA;óó€Athens!€Where€òòMS€VIIóóÐ ˜è Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€2,€MS€V,€VIIóó€Ist€hovering€oer]€Iððst€hovering€oer€òòMS€IA,€VIII;€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIIóó€grey]€grey;€òòMS€VIIóóÐ ` ° Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€3,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€who€didst]€who€€didst€òòMS€VIII;€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIIóó€brow]€brow,€òòMS€VIIóóÐ ( x Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€4,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€The€wreath€that€he€so€late€had€grasped€of€bay]€The€wreath€€soÐ ð @ Ðlate€that€he€had€grasped€of€bay€òòMS€VIII;óó€The€wreath,€that€he€so€late€had€grasped€of€bay,€òòMS€VIIóóÐ ¸   Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€5,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€crested€stern]€crested,€stern€òòMS€VIII;€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€array]€array!€òòMSS€VIIIóóÐ € Ð  Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€6,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€Where€is€thy€glory€that€so€dearly€won]€Where€€is€thy€glory€that€so€€fairÐ H ˜  Ðwon€òòMS€VIII;óó€Where€is€thy€glory,€that€so€dearly€won,€òòMS€VIIóóÐ `  Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€7,€MSS€IA,€V,€VII,€VIIIóó€day]€day?€òòMS€VIIóóÐ Ø(  Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€8,€MS€Vóó€might€thy€power€thy€grandeur€gone]€might€€thy€powr€thy€grandeurÐ  ð  Ðgone€òòMS€VIII;óó€might,€thy€powððr€thy€grandeur€gone€òòMS€IA;óó€might,€thy€power,€thy€grandeur€gone?€òòMS€VIIóóÐ h¸  Ðà  àòòStz.€3,€l.€9,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€Let€their€proud]€Ha€or€Let€their€proud€òòwithóó€proud€òòwritten€aboveóó€brave€òòMS€VIII;Ð 0€  ÐMS€Vóó€MARATHON]€Marathon€òòMSS€IA,€VII,€VIIIóóÐ øH  Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€1,€MSS€V,€VII,€VIIIóó€Oer]€oer€òòMS€IAóóÐ À Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€2,€MSS€V,€VIIóó€voice€of€armies]€shout€€of€€armies€òòand€above€this€line€writtenóó€aÐ ˆØ Ð[(?)]€thunder€òòMS€VIII;óó€shout€of€armies€òòMS€IAóóÐ P  Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€4,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€armies]€armies€€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ h Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€6,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€rocks]€rocks€€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ à0 Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€7,€MSS€IA,€Vóó€heroes€gore]€heroes€€gore€òòMS€VIII;óó€heroððs€gore€òòMS€VIIóóÐ ¨ø Ðà  àòòStz.€4,€l.€9,€MS€V,€VIIIóó€ride]€ride.€òòMSS€IA,€VII.€In€MS€VIII,€this€line€is€written€above€a€canceled€lineóó€Ìà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€2,€MS€IA,€VIIóó€Oh]€O€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ P Ðà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€1,€MS€IAóó€hoarse,]€hoarse€òòMSS€VII,€VIIIóóÐ È Ðà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€2,€MS€IAóó€onward]€onwards€òòMS€VIII;óó€onward€òòMS€VIIóóÐ à Ðà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€4,€MS€IA,€VIIóó€slumber,]€slumber€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ X¨ Ðà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€6,€MS€IAóó€rest,]€rest€òòVII,€VIII.€In€VIII,€this€line€was€written€above€a€canceled€lineóó€Ìà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€8,€MS€IA,€VIIóó€the€billows]€the€€billows€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ °  Ðà  àòòStz.€5,€l.€9,€MS€IAóó€not€those€below€their€foam€who€lie.]€not€€those€below€theirÐ xÈ! Ðfoam€who€lie.€òòMS€VIII;óó€not€them.€They€sleep€eternally€òòMS€VII.€See€headnoteóó.Ð @" Ðà  àòòStz.€6€(5€in€MS€V),€MS€V:€preceding€this€stz.€in€MS€VIII€is€a€canceled€stz.€6,€as€follows.€The€two€following€stzs.Ð  X# Ðin€MS€VIII€are€accordingly€renumbered€from€ð ð7ðð€and€ð ð8ðð€to€ð ð6ðð€and€ð ð7.ðð€The€canceled€stz.€is€written€in€ink€andÏcrossed€out€in€pencil.€In€l.€2€ð ðfirstðð€is€inserted€in€pencil,€possibly€by€another€hand.€Note€that€this€is€not€the€same€stz.€asÏthe€one€in€VIII€that€was€dropped€from€MS€V.óóÐ `"°& Ðà  àà ` àO€Persia€they€fell€in€fight€with€theeÌà  àà ` àWhen€first€thy€proud€thy€angry€monarch€cameÌà  àà ` àAnd€Xerxes€led€his€gallies€oer€the€seaÌà  àà ` àTo€make€the€Grecian€glory€but€a€nameÌà  àà ` àThen€was€not€Greece€forgetful€of€her€fameÌà  àà ` àAnd€first€thou€haughty€one€began€thy€woesÌà  àà ` àWhen€thy€unnumbered€armament€in€vainÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` àHer€heroes€to€their€countrys€battle€fight€arose€[fight€òòwritten€aboveóó€battle]Р(ð#.¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` àAnd€bent€before€€old€Greca€her€humbled€foesÌà  àòòStz.€6€(5€in€MS€V),€l.€1,€MSS€IA,€V,€VIIóó€Little]€€Little€òòMS€VIII;€MSS€V,€VII,€VIIIóó€young€and]€young,€&Ð 0*€%0 ÐòòMS€IAóóÐ ø*H&1 Ðà  àòòStz.€6€(5€in€MS€V),€l.€3,€MSS€V,€VIIóó€sum,]€sum€òòMSS€IA,€VIIIóóÐ À+'2 Ðà  àòòStz.€6€(5€in€MS€V),€l.€5,€MSS€V,€VIIIóó€once]€once,€òòMS€IAóóÐ ˆ,Ø'3 Ðà  àòòStz.€6€(5€in€MS€V),€l.€7,€MSS€V,€VIIIóó€channel]€channel,€òòMS€IAóóÐ P- (4 Ðà  àòòStz.€6€(5€in€MS€V),€l.€8,€MS€Vóó€twas]€was€òòMSS€IA,€VIIIóóÐ .h)5 Ðà  àòòStz.€6€(5€in€MS€V),€l.€9,€MS€Vóó€glory?€With€the€dead]€glory€with€the€dead€òòMS€VIII;óó€glory?€with€the€dead.€òòMS€IAóóÐ ° Ðà  àòòStz.€7€(6€in€MS€V),€l.€1,€MSS€V,€VIIIóó€Persias€king]€Persiaððs€King€òòMS€IAóóÐ xÈ Ðà  àòòStz.€7€(6€in€MS€V),€l.€2,€MSS€V,€VIIIóó€Ay]€Ah€òòMS€IAóóÐ @ Ðà  àòòStz.€7€(6€in€MS€V),€l.€4,€MS€Vóó€eager]€snow€white€òòMSS€IA,€VIIIóóÐ X Ðà  àòòStz.€7€(6€in€MS€V),€l.€5,€MS€Vóó€impatient]€as€eager€òòMSS€IA,€VIIIóóÐ Ð  Ðà  àòòStz.€7€(6€in€MS€V),€l.€7,€MS€Vóó€fields]€field€òòMSS€IA,€VIIIóóÐ ˜è Ðà  àòòStz.€7€(6€in€MS€V),€l.€8,€MS€Vóó€gulph]€gulf€òòMSS€IA,€VIIIóóÐ ` ° Ðà  àòòStz.€7€(6€in€MS€V),€l.€9,€MS€Vóó€wave]€waves€òòMSS€IA,€VIIIóóÐ ( x Ðà  àòòStz.€9€(8€in€MS€V),€l.€1,€MS€Vóó€past,]€past€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ð @ Ðà  àòòStz.€9€(8€in€MS€V),€l.€4,€MS€Vóó€Attending]€Attending€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ¸   Ðà  àòòStz.€9€(8€in€MS€V),€l.€8,€MS€Vóó€at€the]€at€€the€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ € Ð  Ðà  àòòStz.€9€(8€in€MS€V),€l.€9,€MS€Vóó€brow,€seared]€brow€€seared€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ H ˜  Ðà  àòòStz.€10€(9€in€MS€V),€l.€6,€MS€Vóó€He]€he€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ `  Ðà  àòòStz.€12€(11€in€MS€V),€l.€3,€MS€Vóó€For]€€For€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ Ø(  Ðà  àòòStz.€12€(11€in€MS€V),€l.€4,€MS€Vóó€natures€proud]€natures€<[simp(?)]>€proud€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ  ð  Ðà  àòòStz.€12€(11€in€MS€V),€l.€7,€MS€Vóó€That]€€That€òòMS€VIII;€MS€Vóó€would]€could€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ h¸  Ðà  àòòStz.€12€(11€in€MS€V),€l.€8,€MS€Vóó€abject,]€abject€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ 0€  Ðà  àòòStz.€13€(12€in€MS€V),€l.€1,€MS€Vóó€brother.€They]€brother€they€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ øH  Ðà  àòòStz.€13€(12€in€MS€V),€l.€3,€MS€Vóó€And]€For€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ À Ðà  àòòStz.€13€(12€in€MS€V),€l.€4,€MS€Vóó€Indian]€indian€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ˆØ Ðà  àòòStz.€13€(12€in€MS€V),€l.€7,€MS€Vóó€her]€his€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ P  Ðà  àòòStz.€13€(12€in€MS€V),€l.€8,€MS€Vóó€And]€They€òòMS€VIII;€MS€Vóó€lioness]€lionness€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ h Ðà  àòòStz.€13€(12€in€MS€V),€l.€9,€MS€Vóó€wilderness]€wilderness.€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ à0 Ðà  àòòStz.€14€(13€in€MS€V),€l.€6,€MS€Vóó€clove€the€sky]€€clove€the€sky€òòthese€writtenÐ ¨ø Ðone€above€the€other,€Ruskin€eventually€settling€on€his€first€ideaóóÐ pÀ Ðà  àòòStz.€15€(14€in€MS€V),€l.€2,€MS€Vóó€flies€across]€[wantons(?)]€oer€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ 8ˆ Ðà  àòòStz.€15€(14€in€MS€V),€l.€5,€MS€Vóó€retreating]€returning€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ P Ðà  àòòStz.€15€(14€in€MS€V),€l.€6,€MS€Vóó€in]€€in€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ È Ðà  àòòStz.€15€(14€in€MS€V),€l.€9,€MS€V,€is€drafted€in€MS€VIII€above€a€canceled€repetition€of€l.€8.óóÐ à Ðà  àòòStz.€16€(15€in€MS€V),€l.€1,€MS€Vóó€born]€€lorn€òòMS€VIII.€In€MS€V,€above€theóó€b€òòinóó€born€òòis€written€a€faintóó€lÐ X¨ Ðòòas€inóó€lorn,€òòpossibly€in€Ruskinððs€hand.óóÐ  p Ðà  àòòStz.€16€(15€in€MS€V),€l.€4,€MS€V,€is€also€in€MS€VIII,€but€in€MS€VIII€the€line€is€written€to€replaceóó€Ìà  àòòStz.€16€(15€in€MS€V),€l.€5,€MS€Vóó€famed]€dread€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ xÈ! Ðà  àòòStz.€16€(15€in€MS€V),€l.€6,€MS€Vóó€on€Marathon€with]€on€MARATHON€With€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ @" Ðà  àòòStz.€16€(15€in€MS€V),€l.€9,€MS€Vóó€in€Greece€in€Greece€was]€in€war/Greece,€in€war/Greece€was€òòwithóó€GreeceÐ  X# Ðòòwritten€aboveóó€war€òòin€each€case,óó€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ Ð $ Ðà  àòòStz.€17€(16€in€MS€V),€l.€1,€MS€Vóó€(O]€Oh€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ˜!è% Ðà  àòòStz.€17€(16€in€MS€V),€l.€6,€MS€Vóó€the]€their€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ `"°& Ðà  àòòStz.€17€(16€in€MS€V),€l.€8,€MS€Vóó€old]€to€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ (#x' Ðà  àòòStz.€18€(17€in€MS€V),€l.€1,€MS€V.€Preceding€this€first€line€of€the€stz.€in€MS€VIII€are€three€canceled€lines,€whichÐ ð#@( Ðanticipate€draft€of€stz.€19:óó€€[òòwithóó€€òòwritten€above€the€lineóó]€/Ð ¸$ ) ÐEXEUNT€OMNES€/€Ìà  àòòStz.€18€(17€in€MS€V),€l.€2,€MS€Vóó€unto€posterity]€unto€€posterity€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ H&˜!+ Ðà  àòòStz.€18€(17€in€MS€V),€l.€3,€MS€Vóó€shouldððst]€should€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ '`", Ðà  àòòStz.€18€(17€in€MS€V),€l.€5,€MS€Vóó€Let]€A€Let€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ Ø'(#- Ðà  àòòStz.€18€(17€in€MS€V),€l.€9,€MS€Vóó€record€a]€record€€a€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ  (ð#. ÐÌà  à136.€ð ðFunðð€or€ð ðDifferent€Styleðð€(ð ðWith€the€want€of€a€hero€a€heros€wantðð),€fall,€MS€VI.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àMistakenly€listed€as€a€lost€poem€in€òòWorksóó,€2:532.€The€poem€is€titled€above€its€text€as€ð ðdifferent€style,ðð€butÐ À+'2 Ðaccording€to€the€index€to€MS€VI€it€should€be€titled€ð ðFunðð„„a€title€that€fits€the€poemððs€refrain€of€ð ðfun€fun€&c.ðð€€TheÏpoem€adapts€Byronððs€ironic€opening€of€òòDon€Juanóó€(see€also€no.€137).€The€association€here€of€Byron€with€ð ðfunðð€wouldÐ P- (4 Ðcorrespond€to€Ruskinððs€preferring€in€ð ðIteriadðð€ð ðsome€fun„„something€thatððs€Hudibrasticalðð€over€the€ð ðsentimentalððÐ .h)5 Ðrhymes€that€gain€ð ðthe€applause€of€the€misses€and€ladiesðð€(bk.€4:138,€116),€a€passage€written€at€about€the€same€time€asÏno.€136„„both€of€them,€probably€to€some€degree,€in€reaction€to€the€tastes€of€his€cousin€Mary€Richardson.€See€also€no.Ï146,€probably€a€wry€apology€for€the€obstreperous€spirit€of€the€Juanesque€poems€of€fall€1831.Ìà  àAs€the€last€of€the€shorter€poems€in€MS€VI,€ð ðFunðð€was€the€last€entry€to€be€affected€by€Ruskinððs€pageÏrenumbering.€As€explained€regarding€a€few€other€poems€in€MS€VI,€the€index€entry€for€ð ðFunðð€can€be€made€toÏcorrespond€with€the€poem€itself€only€by€counting€folios€later€removed€by€Ruskin;€thus,€the€poem€presumably€existedÏprior€to€the€mutilation€of€MS€VI€and€renumbering€of€its€pages,€which€occurred€no€later€than€the€composition€of€aboutÏ300€lines€into€book€4€of€ð ðIteriadðð€(see€no.€130;€and€part€1,€MS€VI).€If€the€poem€is€dated€according€to€the€ð ðIteriadððÏdraft€surrounding€it,€one€in€any€case€arrives€at€a€similar€date.ÌÌWith€the€want€of€a€hero€a€heros€wantÌLord€Byron€his€Juan€begunÌHero€indeed€it€is€all€stuff€and€cantÌMy€hero€shall€be€funÌFun€funÌAll€is€funÌFrom€the€dawn€or€till€the€set€of€the€sunòò1óóÐ 0€  Ðà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌWhat€is€the€€use€of€horacian€moralÌNobody€here€does€want€itòò2óóÐ ˆØ ÐNothing€else€nothing€else€will€be€fit€for€allÌSo€Ill€be€Anacreonticòò3óóÐ h ÐFun€fun€&cÌNever€mind€Horace€with€pallidu€moriòò4óóÐ ¨ø ÐLet€us€laugh€in€the€morn€when€we€rise€sirÌStupid€old€fellow€hell€never€do€forsòò5óóÐ 8ˆ ÐSo€let€us€be€merry€and€wise€sirÌFun€fun€&cÌÌà  àòò1óóA€conjectural€reading€of€a€line€that,€in€its€ms.€revision,€is€too€garbled€to€transcribe€clearly.€Before€revision,Ð X¨ Ðthe€line€probably€read€ð ðFrom€the€rise€of€the€moon€till€the€rise€of€the€sun.ððÌà  àòò2óóIn€early€1832,€Ruskin€would€again€protest€against€ð ðmoralizing€Horace,ðð€which€he€was€studying€under€hisÐ è8 Ðnew€tutor€Mr.€Rowbotham€(òòRFLóó€258).€His€earlier€translations€of€Horace€had€not€been€so€didactic;€see€nos.€87„88.Ð °  Ðà  àòò3óóAnacreon,€sixth„century€B.C.€Ionian€composer€of€light€odes€and€epigrams,€whose€work€was€imitated€in€theÐ xÈ! Ðcollection€called€the€òòAnacreonteaóó.€Ruskin€did€shortly€become€ð ðAnacreonticðð€with€his€own€translation,€no.€143;€seeÐ @" Ðalso€no.€104.Ìà  àòò4óóòòpallidu€morióó„„pale€death.Ð Ð $ Ðà  àòò5óóòòforsóó„„not€an€early€appearance€of€Ruskinððs€neologism€of€the€1870s,€but€probably€a€contraction;€i.e.,€ð ðheððllÐ ˜!è% Ðnever€do€for€us.ððÌÌà  à137.€ð ðA€poet€is€a€very€foolish€stay,ðð€early€fall,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àA€satire€on€Southey,€no€doubt€influenced,€like€no.€136,€by€the€opening€of€òòDon€Juanóó.€Byronððs€mock„epicÐ ¸$ ) Ðinspired€this€poem€immediately€following€draft€for€Ruskinððs€own€epics,€ð ðAthensðð€and€ð ðIteriadðð€(nos.€91,€135).ÌÌA€poet€is€a€very€foolish€stayÌI€mustnt€call€em€idioticalÌI€cant€abuse€em.€Yet€I€think€I€mayÌAlthough€it€is€a€very€ticklish€topic€allÌMust€here€allow€me€But€I€here€will€sayÌEvn€though€I€be€thought€misanthropicalÌThat€of€each€racked€nay€more€unlaurelled€fateÌThe€worst€of€alls€a€poet€LaureateÌÌOh€the€Poor€Southeyòò1óó€But€tis€now€too€lateÐ .h)5 ÐThou€knowest€not€thy€woeful€situationÌOh€how€I€pity€thy€most€wretched€fateÌBut€nothing€now€remains€save€lamentationÌThou€art€appointed€poet€laureateÌIn€this€rotunda€orbe€the€worst€stationÌAlas€thy€brow€of€bays€will€now€be€boldÌBecause€because€because€thou€wert€installedÌÌOn€every€birthday€of€reforming€BillÌAs€regularly€they€come€round€againÌAnd€(I€should€hope€it€was€against€your€willÌFor€birthday€images€must€rack€your€brainÌAnd€lines€most€complimentary€instilÌThat€always€signify€the€very€sameÌWhen€not€a€goose€then€much€less€a€goose€quillÌWill€run€on€rapidly€against€its€willòò2óóÐ h¸  ÐÌà  àòò1óóIn€his€1830€diary,€Ruskin€had€written€respectfully€of€Southey,€after€the€family€had€ogled€him€in€church,Ð øH  Ðduring€their€tour€of€the€Lakes€(òòTLCóó€42);€and€by€March€1831€in€ð ðIteriad,ðð€he€had€drafted€the€lines€on€the€poetððs€ð ðdarkÐ À Ðlightning€eyeðð€that€ð ðmade€him€seem€half€inspired€/€Or€like€a€New€Thalaba€vengefully€fired,ðð€referring€to€SoutheyððsÏòòThalaba€the€Destroyeróó€(2:299„300;€MS€VI,€72).Ð P  Ðà  àòò2óóAs€an€ultra„Tory,€Southey€was€opposed€to€the€Reform€Bill.€Ruskin€apparently€is€not€referring€to€a€recentÐ h Ðpublication€by€Southey.€Although€in€summer€1831€the€poet€drafted€colloquies€on€political€topics,€he€abandoned€theÏproject€when€the€Reform€Bill€proved€inevitable€(Geoffrey€Carnall,€òòRobert€Southey€and€His€Age:€The€Development€of€aÐ ¨ø ÐConservative€Mindóó€[Oxford:€Clarendon,€1960],€185„88).Ð pÀ ÐÌà  à138.€ð ðððTwas€night.€I€stood€by€Tweedððs€fair€streamðð€(ð ðTo€the€Memory€of€Sir€Walter€Scottðð),€October,€MS€VIII.ÏPrinted€òòPJRóó,€1:94„95;€òòWorksóó,€2:327.Ð È Ðà  àDated€ð ðOctðð€by€Ruskin.€Collingwoodððs€title;€untitled€in€manuscript.€In€manuscript,€the€first€line€contains€aÏcorrection,€ð ðTwas€night€I€stood€by€€Tweeds€fair€streamðð€(with€ð ðTweeds€fairðð€written€above€the€line€in€a€darkerÏink).€Perhaps€Ruskin€initially€planned€a€poem€like€ð ðShakespeares€Grave,ðð€no.€115.€By€October€1831,€however,€WalterÏScott„„ill€and€widely€known€to€be€declining€toward€death„„had€arrived€in€London,€where€he€received€visitors€beforeÏembarking€from€Portsmouth€on€a€Mediterranean€voyage€for€his€health€(Edgar€Johnson,€òòSir€Walter€Scott:€The€GreatÐ °  ÐUnknownóó,€2€vols.€[New€York:€Macmillan,€1970],€2:1196„98).€No€doubt€the€Ruskins€were€keeping€abreast€of€reports€ofÐ xÈ! ÐScottððs€activities,€before€his€departure.€Scott€died€back€at€Abbotsford€on€21€September€1832,€after€which€Ruskin€wroteÏhis€elegy€for€Scott,€no.€168.Ìà  àRuskinððs€version€is€entirely€unpuntuated;€initial€letters€of€lines€are€capitalized,€as€are€place€names€and€ð ðIt,ðð€l.Ï2.€Other€variants€and€revisions:Ìà  àòòWorks,€l.€7óó€whispering,€sullen]€whispring€€sullenÐ `"°& Ðà  àòòL.€9óó€sorrowing€notes]€sorrowing€€notesÐ (#x' Ðà  àòòL.€11óó€borne]€bornÐ ð#@( Ðà  àòòL.€16óó€magic€voice]€magic€€voiceÐ ¸$ ) Ðà  àòòL.€17óó€mountain€rung]€mountain€€rungÐ €%Ð * Ðà  àòòL.€19óó€piny]€pineyÐ H&˜!+ Ðà  àòòL.€21óó€their€spiry]€their€€spiryÐ '`", ÐÌà  à139.€ð ðTo€the€Spirit€of€Mount€Pilate,€Written€on€Reading€the€Description€of€that€Mountain€in€Sir€WalterÏScottððs€Novel€of€Anne€of€Gierstein,ðð€October€or€November,€MSS€V,€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àIn€MS€VIII,€title€written€ð ðTo€the€spirit€of€MOUNT€PILATE€written€on€reading€the€description€of€thatÏmountain€in€sir€Walter€Scotts€novel€of€Anne€of€Gierstein€[òòsicóó]ðð;€in€MS€V,€ð ðTO€THE€SPIRIT€/€OF€MOUNT€PILATE€/Ð ø*H&1 ÐWRITTEN€ON€READING€THE€DESCRIPTION€OF€THAT€/€MOUNTAIN€IN€SIR€WALTER€SCOTTS€NOVELÏOF€ANNE€/€OF€GIERSTEIN.ðð€Undated€in€MS€V,€but€draft€in€MS€VIII€falls€between€nos.€138€and€140.Ìà  àScottððs€òòAnne€of€Geierstein,€or€The€Maiden€of€the€Mistóó€was€first€published€in€1829,€but€in€late€1831€RuskinÐ P- (4 Ðappears,€on€the€evidence€of€the€poem,€only€to€have€read€the€first€few€chapters€of€the€novel.€Burd€notes€that€inÐ .h)5 ÐDecember€1831,€John€James€bought€a€set€of€Scott€novels€for€ð ð6,€and€proposes€that€it€might€have€been€a€ten„volume€setÏavailable€at€this€price€from€Longman,€according€to€an€1827€listing€(òòRFLóó€229„30).€It€seems€likelier,€however,€that€JohnÐ xÈ ÐJames€would€have€been€buying€the€volumes,€as€they€appeared,€in€the€splendid€ð ðMagnum€Opus,ðð€the€collected€editionÏwith€new€prefaces€that€started€publication€in€1829€(Edgar€Johnson,€òòSir€Walter€Scott:€The€Great€Unknownóó,€2€vols.Ð X Ð[New€York:€Macmillan,€1970],€2:1080„81,€1118).€The€preface€to€òòAnne€of€Geiersteinóó€is€dated€17€September€1831.€If€theÐ Ð  Ðvolume€was€in€the€Ruskin€house€within€the€next€few€months,€the€purchase€would€correspond€well€with€the€proposedÏOctober„November€date€of€Ruskinððs€poem,€explaining€also€why€Ruskin€has€not€as€yet€read€very€far€in€the€novel.€If€theÏnovel€was€acquired€in€December,€as€Burdððs€note€might€suggest,€the€poem€needs€to€be€dated€closer€to€the€end€of€theÏyear.Ìà  àIn€the€novel,€the€mountain€is€described€in€connection€with€the€legend€of€Pontius€Pilate,€who€ð ðhere€found€theÏtermination€of€his€impious€life;€having,€after€spending€years€in€the€recesses€of€that€mountain€which€bears€his€name,€atÏlength,€in€remorse€and€despair€rather€than€in€penitence,€plunged€into€the€dismal€lake€which€occupies€the€summit.ððÏWhen€travelers€ascended€the€mountain€to€view€the€place€of€his€drowning,€Pilateððs€spirit€was€ð ðseen€to€emerge€from€theÏgloomy€waters,€and€go€through€the€action€of€one€washing€his€hands;€and€when€he€did€so,€dark€clouds€of€mist€gatheredÏfirst€round€the€bosom€of€the€Infernal€Lake€.€.€.€and€then,€wrapping€the€whole€upper€part€of€the€mountain€in€darkness,Ïpresaged€a€tempest€or€hurricaneðð€(chap.€1).€Such€a€tempest€threatens€the€lives€of€an€English€merchant€father€and€son,Ïthe€Philipsons,€crossing€through€the€Alps€(actually€the€Earl€of€Oxford€and€his€son€traveling€incognito).€TheÏcoincidence€with€the€itinerant€Ruskins€must€have€appealed€to€Ruskin,€especially€when€combined€with€themes€that€soÏprofoundly€stirred€his€imagination„„the€threat€of€drowning,€and€the€figure€of€Anne€herself,€who,€emerging€from€mist€toÏprovide€guidance,€recalls€the€White€Lady.ÌÌSpirit€of€evil€Fiend€of€dreadÌSittest€thou€brooding€and€cloudy€and€sternÌBy€the€sweep€of€LucerneÌUpon€Pilates€sable€headÌWhere€by€curtain€of€cloud€and€by€rocky€shieldÌThe€fathomless€lake€in€the€pit€is€concealedÌThat€has€never€been€seen€by€the€eagles€eyeÌNeer€oer€the€wave€may€the€mountain€bird€flyÌNor€eer€may€the€vulture€shriekÌOer€its€baneful€bosom€dark€and€deepÌFrownest€thou€frownest€thou€spiritÌIs€thy€misty€throneÌIn€the€desert€loneÌWide€oer€the€mountains€summit€thrownÌGrowls€there€thy€voice€mid€the€echoing€fellsÌSweeps€there€thy€thunder€adown€thy€dark€dellsÌEre€the€day€shall€be€oerÌDeath€shall€have€past€by€Lucernes€mountain€shoreÌThere€is€one€that€shall€lieÌNeath€the€wrathful€skyÌAnd€the€mountain€wolf€knows€there€is€one€that€shall€dieÌFrom€the€dazzling€snowsÌKindred€of€the€icy€northÌThe€ravening€wolfish€flocks€came€forthÌAnd€the€gierfalconòò1óó€hoversÐ Ø'(#- ÐAll€from€its€cloudy€coversÌEmerging€it€floats€on€expansive€wingÌOminous€fearful€and€dire€and€obsceneÌAs€pants€his€thirsty€beak€for€bloodÌSpirit€he€knows€thy€wrathful€moodÌAnd€he€floats€around€thy€waters€deepÌAnd€round€thy€rocky€mountain€keepÌSpirit€he€knows€thy€fiery€formÐ .h)5 ÐAs€thou€governst€the€stormÌHe€has€seen€thee€sailÌOn€the€midnight€galeÌBy€the€light€of€the€moon€as€she€trembles€paleÌAnd€he€waits€for€his€preyÌAs€the€sunless€dayÌIn€the€cloud€obscured€westÌOn€the€snowy€savage€mountains€breastÌDies€away.ÌÌà  àòò1óóA€large€falcon.€Ruskin€is€probably€referring€to€the€ð ðlammergeier,€or€Alpine€vultureðð€in€the€novel,€aÐ € Ð  Ðdescription€from€which€he€borrowed€some€diction:€a€ð ðvoracious€and€obscene€bird€.€.€.€distinguished€.€.€.€as€much€fromÏthe€noble€carriage€and€graceful€proportions€of€the€eagle€as€those€of€the€lion€place€him€in€the€ranks€of€creation€aboveÏthe€gaunt,€ravenous,€grisly,€yet€dastard€wolfðð€(chap.€2).€The€bird€gazes€at€young€Arthur€Philipson€as€he€precariouslyÏclings€to€a€tree€to€save€himself€from€hurtling€into€a€torrent,€raging€in€a€deep€abyss€below€him.ÌÌà  àòòLine€1,€MS€Vóó€Fiend]€fiend€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ 0€  Ðà  àòòLine€6,€MS€Vóó€lake€in]€lake€€in€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ øH  Ðà  àòòLine€16,€MS€Vóó€thy€dark]€the€dark€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ À Ðà  àòòLine€18,€MS€Vóó€Death]€€Death€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ˆØ Ðà  àòòLine€22,€MS€Vóó€the]€the€€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ P  Ðà  àòòLine€26,€MS€Vóó€its]€his€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ h Ðà  àòòLine€27,€MS€Vóó€it]€he€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ à0 Ðà  àòòLine€40,€MS€Vóó€cloud]€cloud€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ¨ø ÐÌà  à140.€ð ðThe€Site€of€Babylon,ðð€November€6,€MSS€V,€VIII.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:98„99;€òòWorksóó,€2:329.Ð 8ˆ Ðà  àTitle€written€in€all€capitals,€MS€V;€untitled€in€MS€VIII.€Dated€by€Ruskin€6€November€1831€in€MS€V.€In€MSÏVIII,€the€date€reads€ð ð10,€6€November€1831.ððÌà  àBoth€of€Ruskinððs€versions€are€almost€entirely€unpunctuated.€All€lines€are€flush€left,€without€the€editorsððÏindentations.€First€letters€of€lines€and€place€names€capitalized€and,€in€MS€V,€ð ðLionðð€(l.€4).€Only€stz.€2€numbered.Ìà  àòòWorks,€stz.€1,€l.€9óó€And€not€a€column,„„not€a€stone„„]€And€not€a€tower€column€€not€a€stone€òòwith€columnÐ  p Ðwritten€above€tower,€MS€VIII;óó€And€not€a€tower€not€a€stone€òòMS€VóóÐ è8 Ðà  àòòWorks,€MS€V,€stz.€2,€l.€2óó€mighty€walls€so€often€rung]€[might€walls€so€often€bring(?)]€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ °  Ðà  àòòWorks,€MS€V,€stz.€2,€l.€5óó€lion€prowls]€lions€prowl€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ xÈ! Ðà  àòòWorks,€stz.€2,€l.€9óó€And€oððer]€And€€oer€òòMS€VIII;óó€And€oer€òòMS€VóóÐ @" ÐÌà  à141.€ð ðThe€Repentance€of€Nineveh:€A€Fragment,ðð€early€November,€MS€V,€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àIn€both€MSS€V€and€VIII,€immediately€follows€no.€140.€In€MS€VIII,€title€written€ð ðTHE€REPENTANCE€OFÏNINEVEH,ðð€but€not€subtitled,€as€in€MS€V,€ð ðA€FRAGMENT.ðð€The€stanzas€are€unnumbered€in€MS€VIII.ÌÌIllumed€by€every€golden€starÌThe€lofty€towððrs€of€NinevehÌIn€shadowy€grandeur€layÌYet€more€majestic€half€unseenÌWith€temples€palaces€betweenÌAll€mistily€and€greyÌThe€prophet€came€the€word€he€spokeÌIn€awful€accents€rudely€brokeÌThen€one€wild€groan€at€once€aroseÌThe€utterance€of€a€nations€woesÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌHoarse€moaned€the€wild€breeze€on€that€nightÌLoud€howled€the€tempest€in€its€flightÌBut€louder€oer€the€deepÐ .h)5 ÐThe€wail€of€Nineveh€was€borneÌUpon€the€pinions€of€the€stormÌSo€fearful€and€so€fleetÌÌà  àòòLine€2,€MS€Vóó€The€lofty€towððrs]€€the€€lofty€towrs€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ Ð  Ðà  àòòLine€3,€MS€Vóó€lay]€€lay€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ˜è Ðà  àòòLine€8,€MS€Vóó€rudely]€sternly€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ ` ° ÐÌà  à142.€ð ðHigh€hovering€above€the€deep,ðð€early€November,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àThis€draft€fragment€on€the€release€of€Israel€from€bondage€in€Egypt€sustains€the€apocalyptic€subjectsÏcharacterizing€nos.€140„41,€which€this€poem€follows.€The€untitled€no.€142€is€clearly€a€distinct€poem€from€no.€141,Ïseparated€from€the€latter€by€an€ornamental€horizontal€line.Ìà  àCollingwood€did€see€the€fragment,€identifying€it€as€a€failed€first€version€of€a€poem€of€1832€he€called€ð ðTheÏDestruction€of€Pharaoh,ðð€no.€161.€In€his€note€on€the€1832€poem,€he€argued€that€no.€161,€along€with€ð ðThe€Site€ofÏBabylon,ðð€no.€140,€ð ðseem€to€be€modelled€on€the€ððHebrew€Melodies,ðð€and€exhibit€a€more€sonorous€and€intellectualÏstyle,€derived€from€Byron.€.€.€.€After€writing€ððThe€Site€of€Babylonðð€on€Nov.€6,€he€began€ððThe€Destruction€of€NinevehððÏ[òòsicóó,€no.€141],€but€gave€that€up€for€ððThe€Destruction€of€Pharaohðð€[i.e.,€the€fragment€no.€142];€the€first€attempt€at€whichÐ 0€  Ðwas€a€failure,€and€was€dropped€for€a€translation€from€Anacreon€[no.€143],€whom€he€was€reading€with€Dr.€Andrews€atÏthe€time.€.€.€.€Then,€after€ððThe€Southern€Breezeðð€[no.€160],€occurs€ððMourn,€Mizraim,€Mournðð€[no.€161,€the€untitledÏpoem€Collingwood€named€ððThe€Destruction€of€Pharaohðð],€not€dated,€but€earlier€than€the€Birthday€Address€of€the€yearððÏ(òòPJRóó,€1:281).Ð P  Ðà  àCook€and€Wedderburn€obviously€investigated€no€further,€for€the€Library€Edition€merely€reprintsÏCollingwoodððs€note€along€with€the€so„called€ð ðThe€Destruction€of€Pharaoh,ðð€no.€161€(òòWorksóó,€2:336),€and€fails€to€listÐ à0 Ðthe€fragment€no.€142€under€MS€VIII€(òòWorksóó,€2:533).€While€nos.€142€and€161€are€related€in€their€subjects,€however,Ð ¨ø Ðno.€142€is€not€even€a€variant€of€no.€161,€much€less€necessarily€a€ð ðfailed€version.ðð€It€is€either€a€separate€poem€altogetherÏor€the€opening€stanzas€for€no.€161.ÌÌHigh€hovering€above€the€deepÌThe€angels€wing€with€cloudy€sweepÌ€Came€feathered€all€with€flameÌAs€round€the€death€fraught€breezes€swellÌHe€bore€the€curse€of€IsraelÌOn€Egypt€and€her€chainsÌForth€flashing€from€its€cloudy€sheathÌRed€€glanced€the€€lightning€sword€of€deathÌAnd€ocean€thundered€from€afarÌHe€comes€he€comes€Egypt[ea(?)]ÌÌThe€shriek€came€bursting€on€the€breezeÌFrom€haughty€Pharaohs€palacesÌAs€drearily€it€cameÌThe€€moaning€oer€the€desert€spreadÌ[O€those(?)]€lamenting€for€the€deadÌLamenting€but€in€vainÌThe€camps€of€Jacob€heard€the€cryÌThat€broke€their€long€captivityÌAnd€oer€the€desert€and€the€seaÌThe€shout€rose.€Israel€Thou€art€free!ÌÌà  à143.€ð ðWhither,€whither,€dost€thou€fly,ðð€first€half€of€November,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àUntitled€in€manuscript,€and€falls€between€preceding€apocalyptic€poems€nos.€140„42€and€no.€144€(and€setÏapart€from€nos.€142€and€144€by€ornamental€horizontal€lines).€See€no.€136€for€Ruskinððs€promise€to€becomeÏð ðAnacreonticðð€in€resistance€to€Horatian€didacticism.€He€translates€the€opening€lines€of€ð ðThe€Doveððs€Errand,ðð€one€ofÏthe€poems€in€the€òòAnacreonteaóó,€a€collection€of€imitations€of€the€sixth„century€B.C.€Ionian€composer€of€light€odes€andÐ .h)5 Ðepigrams.€Ruskinððs€is€a€love€poem€for€the€boy€Bathyllus,€ode€15€in€the€Loeb€edition€(òòElegy€and€Iambus€.€.€.€with€theÐ ° ÐAnacreonteaóó,€ed.€and€trans.€J.€M.€Edmonds,€2€vols.€[Cambridge,€Mass.:€Harvard€University€Press,€1931],€2:37„41).Ð xÈ Ðà  àThe€òòAnacreonteaóó€poems€were€frequently€translated€by€British€poets,€most€recently€by€Thomas€Moore,€whoÐ @ Ðpublished€his€òòOdes€of€Anacreonóó€in€1800.€Mooreððs€lush€tetrameter€lines€and€diction€may€well€have€influenced€RuskinððsÐ X Ðtranslation€and€some€other€poems€of€1831.€ð ðAnacreonðð€Moore€later€befriended€Byron€and€wrote€a€life€of€the€poet,€anÏassociation€that€probably€further€recommended€both€Moore€and€the€Greek€poet€to€Ruskin.€Moore€was€also€a€favoriteÏof€John€James€(òòRFLóó,€119,€488).Ð ` ° ÐÌWhither€whither€dost€thou€flyÌLovely€dove€that€stemmst€the€skyÌAs€thy€flight€around€thee€flingsÌPerfumes€distilling€from€thy€wingsÌWhat€of€labour€can€there€beÌOr€care€Oh€lovely€dove€to€theeÌTo€the€boy€Bathullus€IÌOn€the€wanton€winds€do€flyÌCommanded€by€AnacreonÌMy€rapid€course€Im€urging€onÌÌà  à144.€ð ðDashðð€(ð ðWas€there€ever€like€Dashyðð),€November€16,€MSS€V,€VIII.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:274„75;€òòWorksóó,€2:282„Ð ˆØ Ð83n.Ìà  àUntitled€in€MS€VIII;€in€MS€V,€title€written€ð ðDASHðð€and€followed€by€an€epigraph,€ð ðEt€canes€incipiantÏululareðð€(and€the€dogs€will€begin€to€howl).€In€both€manuscripts,€dated€by€Ruskin.ÌÌà@  (ìàDASHˆÌà@¨¨ìàEt€canes€incipiant€ululareˆÌWas€there€ever€like€DashyÌA€dog€half€so€splashyÌAmid€all€the€species€canineÌOr€even€so€goodÌThough€he€sometimes€with€mudÌDefiles€his€hair€white€as€the€foam€of€the€brineÌNo€other€dog€equals€the€dog€that€is€mineÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌThere€never€was€oneÌHalf€so€good€at€a€boneÌSo€nicely€and€neatly€he€gnaws€itÌAs€if€he€were€starvingÌHe€dont€care€a€farthingÌFor€the€spit€and€the€phiz€of€the€cat€as€she€paws€itÌBur€from€her€our€Dash€most€successfully€claws€itòò1óóÐ ð#@( Ðà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌUpon€his€hind€legsÌMost€politely€he€begsÌFor€any€nice€stray€bit€of€meat€sirÌYou€cannot€resist€himÌHe€has€such€a€systemÌAs€he€looks€in€your€face€and€jumps€up€on€your€seat€sirÌThat€you€give€him€a€nice€bit€of€something€to€eat€sirÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌWith€looks€quite€appealingÌIt€quite€hurts€his€feelingÌIf€you€but€attempt€for€to€fondle€the€cat€sirÌKicks€up€such€a€rowÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€he€will€not€allowÌThat€you€should€but€give€her€a€comforting€pat€sirÌOr€stroke€while€sheððs€purring€the€fur€of€her€back€sirÌà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌHe€has€been€a€fine€roundÌFor€twice€lost€and€twice€foundÌIn€the€city€of€London€the€dogy€has€beenÌAnd€you€may€opine€sirÌHow€tedious€the€time€sirÌAppeared€that€rolled€on€those€same€periods€tweenÌWhat€a€pity€he€cant€tell€us€what€he€has€seenÌà@ÂÂ*ìà6ˆÌBut€Ive€said€enoughÌLest€you€think€this€a€puffÌThough€he€really€deserveth€to€be€sir€a€bust€inòò2óóÐ  ð  ÐAnd€if€you€want€my€nameÌWhy€dear€sir€I€remainÌA€praiser€of€Dash€who€delighteth€a€crust€inÌAnd€your€most€obedient€wee€Johnny€RuskinÌÌà  àòò1óóSee€textual€note€for€lines€13„14:€the€draft€in€MS€VIII€reverses€ð ðclawsðð€and€ð ðpaws,ðð€so€that€the€cat€is€clawing,Ð P  Ðand€Dash€pawing„„probably€Ruskinððs€intended€reading,€and€the€fair€copy€is€in€error.Ìà  àòò2óóòòA€bust€inóó„„Collingwood€suggests€the€meaning€ð ðto€be€put€in€a€bust,ðð€i.e.€sculptured€(òòPJRóó,€275).Ð à0 ÐÌà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„Copytext€from€MS€V.€As€compared€with€the€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€Ruskinððs€fair€copy€in€MSÐ pÀ ÐV€and€draft€in€MS€VIII€have€lines€flush,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations;€stz.€1€(only)€unnumbered.€CapitalizationsÏare€shown€accurately€in€òòWorksóó,€except€for€a€few€failures€to€capitalize€in€MS€VIII.€MS€V€unpunctuated,€except€forÐ P Ðapostrophe€in€line€28.€MS€VIII€unpunctuated,€except€for€parentheses€in€line€35€shown€in€òòWorksóó€(not€in€MS€V).Ð È Ðà  àòò3,€MS€V,€PJR,€Worksóó€Amid]€Amidst€òòMS€VIIIÐ à Ðà  à7,€MS€V,€PJR,€Worksóó€dog€equals€the€dog]€dog€equal[s]€the€dog€òòMS€VIII,€with€theóó€s€òòstruck€and€added€inÐ X¨ Ðpencil„„possibly€a€change€by€John€JamesóóÐ  p Ðà  àòò13,€MS€Vóó€phiz€of€the€cat€as€she€paws€it]€phiz€[fizz]€of€the€cat€as€she€claws€it€òòPJR,€Works;€MS€VIIIóó€phiz€of€theÐ è8 Ðcat€as€she€claws€itÌà  àòò14,€MS€Vóó€claws€it]€paws€it€òòMS€VIII,€PJR,€WorksóóÐ xÈ! ÐÌà  à145.€Satirical€Poem€on€Mr.€Rowbotham,€second€half€of€November,€MS€VIII.€Unpublished.Ìà  àThis€poem€is€inked€out€with€such€care€as€to€insure€illegibility„„a€manner€of€erasure€very€rare€in€the€juvenilia„„asÏif€Ruskin€was€ashamed€of€having€written€it.€See€no.€146€for€a€possible€apology.Ìà  àCook€and€Wedderburn€identify€the€poem€as€satirizing€Ruskinððs€tutor,€Mr.€Rowbotham,€and€I€am€just€able€toÏmake€out€words€relating€to€mathematics.€For€Ruskinððs€dislike€of€this€dry€tutor,€see€nos.€87,€173.ÌòòóóÌà  à146.€ð ðI€enter€on€a€very€mighty€Nought,ðð€second€half€of€November,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àA€satire,€like€no.€145€which€it€follows€in€manuscript.€The€occasion€of€this€poem€is€obscure;€however,€if€theÏfinal€word€is€ð ðbibleðð„„and€the€handwriting€is€barely€legible„„a€tentative€meaning€can€be€inferred€from€the€pattern€ofÏcomposition€in€late€1831€and€early€1832.€In€fall€1831,€Ruskin€had€been€alternating€poems€on€biblical,€apocalypticÏsubjects€(nos.€140„42)€with€satirical,€Juanesque€poems€(nos.€136„37,€143„45)„„the€latter€often€unleashing€a€spirit€ofÏrebellion.€The€apology€in€this€poem,€no.€146,€perhaps€refers€to€this€obstreperousness€in€general,€and€to€the€heavilyÏcanceled€no.€145€in€particular.€See€also€no.€147€for€Ruskinððs€self„censorship€in€fair€copying.Ìà  àRuskin€would€not€ð ðcommence€considering€the€[bible(?)]ðð€in€his€lengthy€sermons€until€fall€1832€(see€no.€170),Ïbut,€in€the€meantime,€he€wrote€more€biblical€poems„„as€well€as€more€mock„epic,€satirical€poems.€What€he€means€in€thisÏpoem€by€ð ðenter[ing]€on€a€very€mighty€Noughtðð€is€unclear,€but€the€phrase€may€be€Juanesque€in€the€spirit€of€no.€136.ÌÌI€enter€on€a€very€mighty€NoughtÌIndeed€I€almost€wonder€how€I€dareÐ .h)5 ÐWhich€was€which€is€which€shall€be€and€which€oughtÌTo€be€the€mighty€source€of€mighty€careÌWith€much€of€meditation€much€of€thoughtÌLest€I€ensnaring€should€myself€ensnareÌI€never€tried€before€Pray€sir€have€youÌA€book€and€not€a€regiment€reviewÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌPerhaps€you€often€have€the€pages€cutÌOf€some€sharp€article€€whose€great€employmentÌWas€cutting€at€and€also€cutting€upÌPerhaps€youve€even€read€it€with€enjoymentÌAh€you€old€Magaziner€you€old€BuckÌBut€dont€you€take€it€ill€Twas€nothing€I€meantÌBut€let€apologizing€speeches€be€stillÌ€While€I€commence€considering€the€[bible(?)€òòoróó€title(?)]òò1óóÐ  ð  ÐÌà  àòò1óóThe€hand€is€very€difficult€to€read,€but€I€think€that€the€word€is€ð ðtitle.ððÐ 0€  ÐÌà  à147.€ð ðCurtained€in€cloudy€drapery,ðð€(ð ðMoonlight€on€the€Mountainsðð),€November€30,€MSS€V,€VIII.€MS€VÏversion€printed€in€òòPJRóó,€1:100;€òòWorksóó,€2:330.€MS€VIII€version€previously€unpublished.Ð ˆØ Ðà  àDated€by€Ruskin€in€MS€V.€Titled€by€Collingwood€(see€no.€124);€untitled€by€Ruskin.€MS€VIII€contains€threeÏstanzas€beyond€the€two€copied€into€MS€V.€The€three€extra€stanzas€in€MS€VIII€are€numbered€3„5€by€Ruskin,€unlike€theÏfirst€two,€which€are€unnumbered,€and€the€three€stanzas€appear€to€be€composed€with€a€different€pen€than€what€wasÏused€for€the€first€two„„all€of€which€suggests€the€possibility€that€Ruskin€fair„copied€the€first€two€stanzas€in€MS€V€and€thenÏextended€the€poem€in€MS€VIII€as€an€afterthought.€The€end€of€the€poem€in€MS€VIII€is€strongly€marked€by€anÏornamental€horizontal€line€and€stars.Ìà  àThe€tone€of€the€extra€MS€VIII€stanzas„„radically€differing€from€that€of€the€MS€V€stanzas,€which€were€chosenÏfor€publication€and€given€a€sentimental€title€by€the€editor„„presents€a€good€example€of€the€selective€editing€in€òòPJRóó.€InÐ È Ðthis€case,€Collingwoodððs€preference€for€the€sentimental€is€supported€by€self„censorship€in€Ruskinððs€fair€copy.Ìà  àThe€following€reprints€the€complete€MS€VIII€version.€The€MS€V€version€(i.e.,€first€two€stanzas€of€MS€VIIIÏversion)€is€entirely€unpunctuated,€as€compared€with€the€òòWorksóó€version;€first€letters€of€lines€are€capitalized;€and€onlyÐ  p Ðthe€second€stanza€is€numbered.ÌÌCurtained€in€cloudy€draperyÌThe€stars€were€glimmering€on€highÌAll€with€light€festooneryÌ€round€their€fulgent€centre€queenÌFleecily€as€veiled€betweenÌ€[(?)]€she€and€with€them€did€rollÌRound€the€fixed€eternal€poleÌÌFolding€like€an€airy€vestÌThe€very€<[sta(?)]>€clouds€had€sunk€to€restÌà0  àà ° àLight€gilds€the€rugged€mountains€breastÐ (#(# ÐSoftly€pillowed€on€her€breastÌCalmly€as€they€lay€belowÌEvery€hill€seemed€topped€with€snowÌAs€the€flowing€tide€of€light€ÌBroke€the€slumbers€of€the€nightÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌBut€the€wild€winds€gan€to€boomÌA€shadow€came€across€the€moonÌAnd€wrapt€the€scene€in€sudden€gloomÌTwas€not€of€the€murky€airÐ .h)5 ЀWhen€the€thick€clouds€veil€it€thereÌTwas€not€of€the€dim€winged€stormÌWhen€it€hides€the€€rosy€mornÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌNot€the€thunder€rolling€pastÌBorne€upon€the€tempest€blastÌ€Such€a€gloomy€darkness€castÌAnd€I€heard€the€raven€croakÌFrom€her€hole€in€knarled€oakÌAnd€the€owl€in€ivy€[bowr(?)]ÌAnswered€from€her€ruined€[towr(?)]Ìà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌHa€there€comes€a€gloomy€thingÌOf€shape€uncouth€and€dusty€wingÌAnd€a€dart€in€his€hand€is€quiveringÌOn€his€forehead€€It€did€frownÌAs€the€spectre€gazed€downÌLightning€characters€did€shineÌAnd€his€name€was€written€TIMEÌÌà  àòòStz.€2,€l.€4,€MS€VIIIóó€Softly€pillowed€on€her€breast]€òòNot€in€MS€V.€The€preceding€lineóó€Light€gilds€the€ruggedÐ P  Ðmountains€breast€òòis€inserted€above,€and€may€be€intended€to€replace,óó€Softly€pillowed€on€her€breast€òòsince€the€latter€doesÐ h Ðnot€appear€in€MS€V.óóÐ à0 ÐÌà  à148.€ð ðI€here€begin€an€invocation,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àNos.€148„56€and€158€are€listed€by€their€seriatim€positions€in€MS€VIII;€their€two„month€parameters€for€datingÏare€established€by€nos.€147€and€159;€see€also€no.€152.Ìà  àNo.€148€concerns€Ruskinððs€getting€ð ðhapenny€a€lineðð€for€his€Greek,€probably€referring€to€his€translation€of€theÏòòIliadóó.€In€a€letter€of€February€20,€1832,€he€counts€lines€of€his€Homer,€presumably€for€payment,€since€he€is€ð ðtranslatingÐ à Ðforty€lines€.€.€.€per€day€most€regularly,€an€employment€which€I€suppose€you€would€very€gladly€allow€me€to€break€offÏfromðð€(òòRFLóó,€262)„„his€irony€and€his€40„per„day€quota€matching€earlier€remarks€about€payment€for€ð ðIteriadðð€(see€no.€91).Ð  p ÐSince€no.€148€heads€a€page€on€which€Ruskin€resumes€his€draft€of€ð ðAthensðð€(no.€135),€he€may€also€have€expectedÏhalfpennies€for€lines€of€this€epic,€just€as€he€had€gotten€a€farthing€per€line€of€ð ðIteriad.ðð€Payment€for€the€òòIliadóó€translationÐ °  Ðis€better€documented,€however.ÌÌI€here€begin€an€invocationÌFor€silvery€remunerationÌI€have€invoked€before€the€mineÌBut€now€a€hapenny€a€lineÌ€Its€a€pity€I€forgetÌThe€elegant€and€polished€greekÌOf€silver€If€I€could€Im€sureÌI€should€not€long€remain€so€poor€ÌThe€greek€the€greek€it€is€so€fineÌIm€sure€a€hapenny€a€lineÌIs€not€to€much€dont€say€you€shantÌIm€sure€its€not€exorbitantÌÌà  à149.€ð ðAssist€me€oh€thou€muse€divine,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€148€for€dating.€This€mock„epic€lyric€provided€a€break€from€the€composition€of€the€epic€ð ðAthensðð€(no.Ï135)„„a€portion€of€which€it€follows,€and€from€which€it€is€divided€by€an€ornamental€line.€For€Ruskinððs€dog€Dash,€see,Ïe.g.,€no.€144.€I€know€of€no€other€reference€to€the€cat€Douna.ÌÌAssist€me€oh€thou€muse€divineÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€ye€sacred€sisters€nineÌFor€Im€in€€the€needÌI€have€got€a€theme€indeedÌLet€me€now€acquire€much€honourÌ[Sung(?)]€the€wars€of€Dash€and€DounaÌÌThey€were€with€gentle€touch€and€[paw(?)]€sirÌA€most€loving€dog€and€cat€sirÌBut€they€took€an€angry€fit€onÌWhen€she€introduced€the€kittenÌ€Cat€liked€that€and€dog€liked€thisÌThen€twas€scratch€and€spit€and€phizÌÌà  à150.€ð ðThere€is€a€solemn€silence€on€the€scene,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€148€for€dating.ÌÌThere€is€a€solemn€silence€on€the€sceneÌScarce€broken€by€the€mountain€breezes€sighÌFrom€deep€ravine€€come€forth€&€sailing€byÌThe€distant€ocean€rolling€on€sereneÌIts€smiling€waters€gilded€by€the€beamÌThat€glows€upon€the€bosom€of€the€tideÌBoundless€and€mighty€as€its€billows€€rideÌScattered€with€gold€by€the€departing€€gleamÌ€In€thousand€little€circles€€as€they€sweepÌTo€roll€them€on€its€sands€to€break€and€dieÌThe€sun€that€sinks€to€ocean€pillowed€sleepÌBids€slowly€and€adieu€to€earth€and€skyÌThe€dews€of€evening€this€departure€weepÌAnd€night€her€head€sinks€down€upon€the€deepÌÌà  àòòL.€12,€13€written€above€heavily€canceled€lines.óóÐ °  ÐÌà  à151.€ð ðSonnet€to€a€Cloud,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MSS€V,€VIII.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:102;€òòWorksóó,€2:332.Ð @" Ðà  àSee€no.€148€for€dating.€Follows€no.€147€in€MS€V;€in€MS€VIII,€nos.€148„50€and€stanzas€5„12€of€no.€135Ïintervene€between€no.€147€and€this€poem.€In€MS€VIII,€entitled€merely€ð ðSonnet.ððÌÌà@””"ìàSONNET€TO€A€CLOUDˆÌThou€little€roamer€of€the€northern€blastÌMantling€the€brow€of€ruby€fringd€mornÌSo€swift€so€transient€whither€art€thou€borneÌHither€and€thither€by€the€breezes€castÌHast€shadowed€sultry€Araby€or€pastÌLumed€by€the€lightening€on€the€gloomy€stormÌOr€dimmed€the€lustre€of€the€moons€horn€ÌOr€swept€oer€mountain€summit€fleet€and€fastÌOr€darkened€oer€the€bosom€of€the€brineÌOr€wanton€fled€the€summer€breezes€sighÌAnd€floated€oer€a€thirsty€scorching€climeÌFading€upon€the€clear€and€azure€skyÌMethinks€I€see€thee€like€the€wing€of€time€ÌMelting€away€into€eternityÌÐ .h)5 Ðà  àòòTextual€noteóó.„„As€compared€with€the€edited€version€in€òòWorksóó,€Ruskinððs€fair€copy€in€MS€V€and€his€draft€in€MSÐ ° ÐVIII€have€all€lines€are€flush€left,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations;€and€first€letters€of€lines€and€place€names€areÏcapitalized.€MS€VIII€version€entirely€unpunctuated;€MS€V€unpunctuated,€except€for€accents€on€ð ðfringdðð€(line€2)€andÏð ðmoonsðð€(line€7).€Ìà  àòò6,€MS€V,€Worksóó€lightening]€lightning€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ Ð  Ðà  àòò7,€MS€Vóó€moons]€moons€òòMS€VIII;€Worksóó€moonððsÐ ˜è Ðà  àòò8,€MS€Vóó€mountain€summit]€mountains€summit€òòMS€VIII;€Worksóó€mountain„summit,Ð ` ° Ðà  àòò10,€MS€Vóó€wanton€fled]€wanton€€fled€òòMS€VIII;€Worksóó€wanton,€fled€Ð ( x Ðà  àòò11,€MS€Vóó€a€thirsty]€a€€thirsty€òòMS€VIII;€Worksóó€a€thirsty,Ð ð @ Ðà  àòò13,€MS€Vóó€Methinks€I€see€thee]€Methinks€I€see€the€òòMS€VIII;€Worksó󀄄Methinks€I€see€theeÐ ¸   ÐÌà  à152.€ð ðOh€mighty€monarch€of€the€noses€purple€red,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€148€for€dating.€This€fragment€tends€to€confirm€the€dating€of€the€group€to€which€it€belongs,€since€itÏmay€be€connected€with€Ruskinððs€remarks€in€a€letter€of€14€January€1832€on€the€cold€weather€that€made€ð ðmy€nose€as€if€itÏhad€just€swallowed€a€bottle€of€Burgundy€that€is€redðð€(òòRFLóó,€258).€Moreover,€the€same€letterððs€references€to€òòHenry€IV,Ð h¸  ÐPart€IIóó€and€to€òòJulius€Ceasaróó€(òòRFLóó,€257„58)€conform€with€the€Shakespearean€character€of€no.€152.Ð 0€  ÐÌOh€mighty€monarch€of€the€noses€purple€redÌAnd€most€puissant€prince€of€broken€pateÌLord€of€the€polished€[foot€beguiling€skirts(?)]ÌÌà  à153.€ð ðSonnet:€Harlech€Castle,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€Printed€òòPJRóó,€1:101;€òòWorksóó,€2:331.Ð à0 Ðà  àSee€nos.€124,€148€for€dating.€Attributed€to€the€end€of€1831€by€the€editors,€but€the€poemððs€position€followingÏno.€152€and€stanzas€13„14€of€ð ðAthensðð€more€likely€requires€a€date€well€into€January€of€the€new€year.€In€draft€the€titleÏappears€as€ð ðHARLECH€sonnet€CASTLE,ðð€with€ð ðsonnetðð€in€script€like€the€title€of€no.€151.€If€ð ðHARLECH€.€.€.ÏCASTLEðð€was€added€as€an€afterthought,€however,€the€poem€concerned€the€castle€from€its€start,€as€cancellations€in€theÏfirst€line€make€clear.Ìà  àMS€VIII€version€entirely€unpunctuated.€All€lines€are€flush€left,€without€the€editorsðð€indentations.€First€lettersÏof€lines€and€place€names€capitalized.Ìà  àòòWorks,€l.€1óó€towers€and€turrets€high,]€towers€€and€turrets€<[heaped€on(?)]>€high€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ  p Ðà  àòòL.€2óó€Like]€€Like€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ è8 Ðà  àòòL.€8óó€That€once€did€stir]€That€once€€did€stir€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ °  Ðà  àòòL.€11óó€Its€twining€arms€to€clothe]€Its€€twining€arms€to€cloth€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ xÈ! Ðà  àòòL.€14óó€the€oceanððs€murmuring]€the€€oceans€wild€murmuring€òòMS€VIIIóóÐ @" ÐÌà  à154.€ð ðI€heard€the€waters€pouring,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€Previously€unpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€148€for€dating.ÌÌI€heard€the€waters€pouringÌA€dreary€foaming€tideÌI€heard€the€torrent€roaringÌAlong€the€mountain€sideÌHe€heard€the€demon€howlingÌThat€on€the€wind€did€rideÌI€heard€the€tempest€growlingÌUpon€its€wings€so€wideÌAnd€the€mountain€spirit€Oh€he€spokeÌTo€his€brother€of€the€stormÌAnd€the€fiend€from€his€slumber€brokeÌAnd€he€clapt€his€wings€in€scornÌAway€away€upon€the€blastÌThere€the€mountain€spirit€pastÌOn€ward€rushing€fleet€and€fastÐ .h)5 ÐAnd€the€water€€demon€from€the€hillsÌCalled€to€him€his€hundred€rillsÌAnd€they€told€of€the€deeds€they€should€doÌAs€down€the€dell€they€flewÌHalf€a€growl€and€half€a€groanÌHalf€a€shriek€and€half€a€moanÌWildly€wildly€murmuringÌà@ÃÃ$ìàWATER€SPIRITˆÌRound€and€round€my€eddies€sweepÌMournfully€as€on€careeringÌAnd€upon€their€bosom€deepÌLightly€is€the€foam€appearingÌBut€they€are€yawning€for€their€preyÌAnd€one€has€gone€his€€deadly€wayÌThat€never€shall€returnÌ€Brother€brother€he€is€mineÌOther€victim€shall€be€thineÌÌà  à155.€ð ðFor€the€sound€of€death€is€in€the€breeze,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€148€for€dating.ÌÌFor€the€sound€of€death€is€in€the€breezeÌAnd€the€kelpie€has€comeÌ€From€his€watery€tombÌWhere€the€burnie€bickersÌHis€pale€light€flickersÌWhere€the€[birch(?)]€all€grey€and€tallÌHangs€its€its€head€above€the€fallÌWhere€the€mountain€mist€is€wreathingÌAnd€the€torrent€murmurs€breathingÌWhere€the€[pebble(?)]€is€silent€restingÌWhere€the€foam€the€wave€is€crestingÌBy€the€woody€rock€and€glenÌFar€from€all€the€haunts€of€menÌWhere€the€crystal€rising€fountainÌGushes€down€the€misty€mountainÌMong€the€desert€wild€and€loneÌThere€the€kelpie€holds€his€throneÌWhy€is€the€summer€breeze€sighingÌWith€sad€and€moaning€breathÌWhy€doth€the€raven€croak€as€flyingÌThese€are€the€sounds€of€deathÌOh€why€moan€the€waves€as€they€sweepÌThe€rocks€as€they€murmur€beneathÌWhy€doth€the€€owl€loud€shriekÌThese€are€the€sounds€of€deathÌà@€€#ìàTEMPEST€SPIRITˆÌI€have€come€from€mountain€holdÌFrom€their€caverns€dark€and€oldÌI€will€call€my€[(?)]€forthÌFrom€the€ribbed€and€icy€northÌWhere€their€mighty€thunders€rollÌRound€about€the€fixed€poleÐ .h)5 ÐCome€ye€winds€and€tell€to€meÌWhere€ye€have€roused€the€restless€seaÌRound€about€the€world€againÌHave€ye€stirred€the€mighty€mainÌ€lashed€the€everlasting€deepÌ€Or€waked€leviathans€ocean€sleepÌ€Come€oh€come€ye€stormsÌà@ËË%ìàNORTH€WINDˆÌLord€of€thunders€askest€thouÌWhere€I€urge€the€ocean€nowÌIve€been€by€[(?)]€hold€of€fireÌTossed€in€wild€confusion€direÌWhere€never€the€sun€in€the€golden€westÌKisses€the€mountains€icy€breastÌNever€oh€neverÌNor€doth€he€sink€to€his€cloudy€restÌEver€oh€everÌI€have€whirled€and€whistled€my€course€aroundÌAll€by€the€waters€iron€boundÌOr€I€have€sung€my€breezy€tuneÌAs€I€flew€by€the€paley€flickering€moonÌI€have€flown€€the€oceanÌ€by€the€wild€resounding€seaÌI€have€seen€in€wild€commotionÌAll€the€waves€before€me€fleeÌAnd€I€have€come€from€my€dwelling€rudeÌAll€by€the€gloomy€ice€bound€floodÌAnd€I€have€passed€oer€the€mighty€seaÌLord€of€the€winds€I€have€come€to€theeÌÌà  à156.€ð ðThe€grave€of€the€dead€€Tis€the€voice€of€our€glory,ðð€December€1831€to€January€1832,€MS€VIII.€PreviouslyÏunpublished.Ìà  àSee€no.€148€for€dating.€This€and€no.€158€immediately€below€it€on€the€same€page€are€written€in€a€moreÏcontrolled€hand,€and,€although€no.€156€does€show€some€corrections,€this€page€may€show€semifinal€copy€taken€fromÏelsewhere.ÌÌà@ÂÂ*ìà1ˆÌThe€grave€of€the€dead€Tis€the€voice€of€our€gloryÌYe€sons€of€Britannia€awake€to€the€soundÌRemember€the€time€when€the€foe€was€before€yeÌAnd€nought€but€the€deep€bosomed€ocean€aroundÌà@ÂÂ*ìà2ˆÌAwake€the€conquest€awake€to€the€warÌAnd€think€ye€of€him€who€to€battle€hath€ledÌRemember€the€hero€of€dread€Trafalgaròò1óóÐ '`", ÐRemember€revenge€and€the€grave€of€the€deadÌà@ÂÂ*ìà3ˆÌShall€England€forget€all€her€brave€who€are€lyingÌAnd€yet€unrevenged€on€their€billowy€bedÌ€When€even€the€ocean€is€mournfully€sighingÌIn€murmuring€soft€by€the€grave€of€the€deadÌà@ÂÂ*ìà4ˆÌRaise€high€the€warshout€Tis€revenge€on€the€GaulÌRevenge€tis€for€those€who€in€battle€have€bledÐ .h)5 ÐThough€the€finger€of€fame€may€be€weaving€their€fallÌForget€not€the€place€of€the€grave€of€the€deadÌà@ÂÂ*ìà5ˆÌThen€hie€to€the€field€of€the€fight€tis€before€yeÌThat€ocean€yet€sighs€for€the€souls€that€are€fledÌAnd€the€pinion€of€fame€and€the€banner€of€gloryÌOnce€more€they€shall€wave€by€the€grave€of€the€deadÌÌà  àòò1óóSir€Horatio€Nelson.€See€no.€102.ññññññÔ#†õ“´õõ0õLÃÿ¾#ÔÔ#†õ“´õõô¬ÚY¾#Ôññññññ€ññ