ÿWPC= Ь‰¢ŠÏ‡Ë 9¥mGI˜¥[þT1b0WtAá$H9~°ẏËK8Çô_?¼Òg¨»ÍиœQkô½ÙœçÓ㊞åžèA!rQ«;–!¨·šÚÈ<‚÷3íñ/©šoi³Þ…r4ÖNÌVGmÇE‘+R,]`aÿñ‚ZVj£ÿ£À>†@Ÿ. &wL,;Yž.’Òìa$ ;BËÏ ,"  «ó¸\‰HÝ3ñÛm‰¿x»qtwú•ÏHmYä™jyP•+óOv¨vËúT­ØÄÈÅîú¯t¿\Þu–}L^11aîcÐ[v¢¶ [ú$÷9dV³²s¬Œ‚þ ñŠ‹¥·šˆ&N&ЊQ웆™®~/-Ay©—¾}κeö€K¨Ï…QýÝåÕ²¼ñGµ}DΆ*‰ß¯ÛÑé Õ„æ¨/`㛤S²×g}’ãa;‰B…|tÖßÇ ùe­]ÆØÁÈZÙÿ{!l îCWÌHšµäXŸÊ)ƒé«…Ž o¹R$þ)cË[Å Ýžý]J?sÙä Ä”’JË»Øìfê)'!ÅŸFÙ¬é˜Ü7Þ‡4÷Sñ¿‰³W/é´­QÕçLR‘çêj „nõÃsáyEï读?ïÉa¯ù2N NZ #ÉšUNc %± 0:·wñ^ õ4$ m&˜ 0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô $?é QJE=ê:i¢×+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà  àDate€of€composition€starting€either€in€early€1832€or€in€early€1833€and€continuing€for€anÐ ° Ðunspecifiable€period,€probably€not€longer€than€a€year€or€two.Ð ªú Ðà  àThe€first€leaf€(1r)€displays€an€ornamented€inscription,€€Ô_ÔMastòòrÔ_Ôóó€Ruskin,€/€Ô_ÔJanòòyÔ_Ôóó€21òòstóó€1833.€€NoÐ ¤ô Ðindication€is€given€whether€this€date€refers€to€the€inception€of€the€text€or€its€completion.€An€argument€forÐ žî Ð21€January€1833€as€the€completion€date€can€be€drawn€from€the€orthography.€The€scroll€work€on€eachÐ ˜è Ðpage€around€the€headings€€Problem€I,€€€Problem€II,€€etc.,€closely€resembles€that€used€for€the€€Finis€€to€Ð ’ â ÐÔ_ÔIteriadÔ_Ô€„„€such€a€finis,€€Ruskin€said€on€14€January€1832€when€he€finished€€Ô_ÔIteriadÔ_Ô,€€that€he€€took€[from]Ð Œ Ü ÐMr€Ô_ÔButterworthÔ_Ô€€and€indeed€€quite€eclipsed€Mr€Ô_ÔButterworthÔ_Ô€[and]€threw€him€into€the€shade€€€(òòÔ_ÔRFLÔ_Ôóó€259;Ð † Ö Ðsee€òòÔ_ÔRGIÔ_Ôóó€pl.€7).€If€Ruskin€went€on€in€early€1832€to€use€this€style€of€flourish€for€his€€Practical€Geometry,€Ð € Ð Ðhe€might€well€have€finished€the€notebook€a€year€later€on€21€January€1833.€This€hypothesis€is€supportedÐ z Ê  Ðalso€by€the€distinctive€lettering€used€for€€GEOMETRY.€€The€title€pages€sharing€that€lettering,€€Ô_ÔIteriadÔ_ԀРtÄ  Ðand€€Athens€€in€MS€VII,€probably€were€drawn€during€the€last€quarter€of€1831€(see€nos.€91,€135).€Thus,Ð n¾  Ðwe€can€imagine€Ruskin,€at€the€beginning€of€1832,€drawing€on€his€full€orthographic€arsenal€for€his€Ð h¸  ÐPractical€Geometry.€Ð b²  Ðà  àAlternatively,€an€argument€for€21€January€1833€as€the€date€of€inaugurating€the€notebook€isÐ \¬  Ðsuggested€by€the€apparent€Ô_ÔincompletionÔ_Ô€of€the€project.€The€loose€ends€are€not€very€noticeable€(see€Ð V¦ ÐContent€€below),€however,€and€Ruskin€likewise€inscribed€his€€Ô_ÔIteriadÔ_Ô€€fair€copy€as€finished,€despiteÐ P  Ðmissing€€Notes€€(see€no.€91).€Nonetheless,€the€fact€that€€Practical€Geometry€€is€incomplete€must€weighÐ Jš Ðsomewhat€against€Ruskin€having€signed€and€dated€it€as€if€to€signify€an€accomplished€ending.Ð D” Ðà  àThe€choice€between€the€alternative€interpretations€is€not€greatly€helped€by€the€contents.€In€hisÐ >Ž Ð14€January€1832€letter,€the€same€letter€in€which€Ruskin€mentions€drawing€on€Ô_ÔButterworthÔ_Ô€for€the€€Finis€Ð 8ˆ Ðto€€Ô_ÔIteriadÔ_Ô,€€he€also€refers€to€his€mathematics€lessons€as€€Mr€Ô_ÔRoebothamsÔ_Ô€[òòsicóó]€sums€„„namely,€€additionÐ 2‚ Ðsubtraction€multiplication€and€division.€€By€4€March,€he€had€€positively€got€to€the€Rule€of€three€€(òòÔ_ÔRFLÔ_ÔóóÐ ,| Ð273),€a€method€of€working€out€problems€of€proportion.€On€15€January€1833,€shortly€before€theÐ &v Ðinscription€date€in€€Practical€Geometry,€€Ruskin€complained€of€being€€bogged€in€my€algebra.€€At€anyÐ  p Ðtime€during€this€progress,€Ruskin€might€have€begun€the€€problems€€in€MX€Ô_ÔXIAÔ_Ô,€which€are€€practical,€Ð j Ðnot€theoretical;€that€is,€the€problems€are€designed€to€hone€the€studentððs€skill€with€compass€and€ruler.Ð d ÐThis€practical€training€might€have€been€started€in€January€1833€in€preparation€for€Euclidean€geometry,Ð ^ Ðwhich€is€first€mentioned€by€Ruskin€in€early€1834,€when€he€reached€the€fifth€book€of€Euclid€(òòÔ_ÔRFLÔ_Ôóó€279);Ð  X Ðhowever,€the€exercises€might€just€as€easily€have€begun€earlier.Ð !R Ðà  àIt€is€possible,€of€course,€that€Ruskinððs€inscription€has€nothing€whatever€to€do€with€the€geometryÐ ü!L Ðexercises,€and€that€on€21€January€1833€he€merely€took€a€fancy€to€inscribing€his€name.€I€favorÐ ö"F Ðinterpreting€the€date€as€referring€to€the€geometry€€problems,€€however,€and€specifically€to€theÐ ð#@  Ðnotebookððs€completion.€Besides€the€orthographical€considerations€mentioned€above,€which€seemÐ ê$: ! Ðstronger€than€coincidence€would€allow,€the€ending€date€of€January€1833€is€suggested€by€the€practicalÐ ä%4!" Ðgeometry€€problems€€being€followed€by€algebraic€problems„„exercises€that€might€well€have€€bogged€Ð Þ&."# ÐRuskin€afterward,€as€he€complained€on€15€January€1833.