Contents
From front of book, the sequential order of contents:
- Item belonging to Group A.
- First item belonging to Group B.
- Second item belonging to Group B.
- Third item belonging to Group B.
- Item belonging to Group C.
Body paragraph.
Collation
Because MS VI is a rough-draft notebook, the sequence of its contents reveals their rough order of composition.
This evidence is obscured in places by
folios having been torn out, destroying many drafts both of poems known from copies elsewhere and of pieces that apparently existed only here. Fortunately,
there remains in the back of MS VI Ruskin's own index, giving us the sequence
and at least the titles of the lost entries. The mutilation had already occurred
when Collingwood first described the manuscript for PJR, and evidence suggests that Ruskin
himself tore out the pages--or at least that the destruction, if not
by him, occurred during the notebook’s use. Interpretation of the index involves some speculation, since Ruskin renumbered some
pages after some folios were torn
out, and, later, someone else also took a hand to numbering pages; however, the use of the notebook can be broadly reconstructed as follows. The first 57 pages
are missing (as Collingwood also remarks, although he errs in listing only one other page as missing elsewhere in the book:
there are, in fact, three other missing
folios, as discussed below). The next pages 58-85 were accurately numbered by Ruskin, though with even numbers unconventionally
assigned to rectos. The versos were
likely odd-numbered from the beginning, since page 57 is the last missing--i.e., the folio, pp. 56-57. Following p. 85 (a verso), two folios (pp. 86-87 and 88-89)
were completely torn out, leaving stubs to attest to their former existence. With their removal, two works were irrevocably lost--according to Ruskin's index, Rustic in London
[p.] 87 (no. 120), and Heat [p.] 88 (no. 121). Possibly the draft of some portion of Iteriad [p.] 88 was lost, as well (see below). Clearly, these two
folios were removed during the notebook’s use, since the index lists the extant poem Creation (no. 129) on page 91 (a verso), a number at which one can arrive only
by counting the two missing folios that fell just before the folio with Creation. The index entry for Creation reads in full as Creation 91 86, with 86 lined
up with a column consistent with other entries. This mystery may be solved two ways: As one possibility, Creation or a related poem may originally have been drafted
on the first of the two missing folios (the former pp. 86-87), and that earlier draft or related poem has simply been lost. This possibility is supported by the extant
poem opening with "The second day past oer and gloomy night," as if an earlier poem had described
the first day. As a second possibility, both of the index numbers
referred to the same poem, but Ruskin corrected 91 to 86 after tearing out the two folios. Two problems arise from this explanation.
First, Ruskin had to err, since
the poem occurs, according to revised numbering, on the verso, page 87, not on the recto, page 86. Second, 86 appears to be the earlier index entry, not one added as
a correction. Thus, the former possibility is easier to accept, but Ruskin has befuddled explanation by tearing away approximately a
quarter-page from the top of the
folio with the extant Creation, thus losing any page numbers he might have written. What is certain is that, prior to the notebook’s mutilation, the extant poem
Creation had been indexed for p. 91; and, following the notebook’s mutilation, Ruskin's new (visible) numbering starts on the page after
Creation --i.e., the new page 88,
formerly (presumably) page 92. By tearing away the top of the folio holding the extant Creation, Ruskin
also destroyed most of the first stanza of the intriguing no. 122
from its recto and, from its verso, something that preceded the fragment no. 128 ( tis not the proper measure ). On the next recto following this mutilated folio, Ruskin's
revised page numbering is visible, pp. 88-89. The index gives as its last two page numbers for Iteriad (though more was to be written, if not indexed, in MS VI) 88 and
92. These entries present a puzzle similar to that for Creation. The newly numbered pp. 88 and 92 do hold Iteriad --the former even entitled Iteriad Book 4th and
starting with line 27. That p. 88, however, according to the old numbering, would have been p. 92, and the old p. 88, now removed, might well have contained Iteriad
draft--in fact, there are very good reasons to believe it did (see note, no. 91).Thus, while definite conclusions cannot be drawn, probabilities suggest that Ruskin stopped
his indexing not long after he mutilated the notebook, and that all his index numbers refer, therefore, to his earlier numbering. That is, an earlier version of Creation
(probably describing the first day ) once existed on the missing p. 86; some Iteriad draft was lost with the removed p. 88; not long before removing pp. 86-89, Ruskin had
indexed his latest Iteriad draft as 92 and, after the removal of 86-89, he renumbered that same p. 92 on the
page itself as p. 88. The extant folio, pp. 88-89 (new numbering),
following the torn folio holding Creation, would formerly have been p. 92; but it is numbered 88 with no sign
of a prior erasure. It appears, then, that when Ruskin reached
about this point--the composition of Iteriad, 4:27-68--he for some reason tore out the two missing folios, started
his new page numbering, and halted his indexing for Iteriad.
(Alternatively, the mutilation and renumbering could conceivably have occurred somewhat later, when Ruskin reached about three hundred
lines into book 4. This possibility will be
discussed below.) This means that poems indexed as falling on pages after this watershed had already been drafted; otherwise, their index entries would refer to the new page
numbering, and this theory seems borne out by the disposition of the remaining pages. Following the newly numbered pp. 88-89, yet another folio has been removed, what would have
been pp. 90-91, according to the new numbering. A remaining stub attests to the folio’s existence and shows that it once held Iteriad draft on the recto--at least, line 95 of book 4,
a line continuous with 4:69-94 at the bottom of p. 89. The next existing folio was numbered 90-91. Ruskin's index mentions De arte poetica [p.] 94 (no. 130), a title that is nowhere
extant in MS VI. If one counts pages, including all three missing folios, prior to Ruskin's renumbering (i.e., when the second-day Creation poem was correctly indexed as p. 91), one
will arrive at pp. 94-95 for the third missing folio. Thus, De arte poetica was lost with this folio, and it likely existed prior to the new page numbering--i.e., prior to the
composition of Iteriad 4:27ff., which Ruskin reached about summer 1831 (see note to no. 91), or perhaps somewhat later when he had reached 300 lines into book 4 (see below). A
fragment of De arte poetica may, nonetheless, have been retained. At the top of the recto following the third missing folio--i.e., on what would formerly have been p. 95, now numbered
p. 90--a fragment appears to have been carried over from the previous page (two stanzas extant, the first of which is incomplete). The subject of this fragment, no. 131, is consistent
with De arte poetica, no. 130, and the two may be the same poem. A few other index entries point to the old numbering, before midsummer: Bed [p.] 102, Eternal hills [p.] 103,
and Fun [p.] 103. These poems--the former two untitled in draft (nos. 133-34), and the latter entitled different style in draft but with a refrain
Fun fun &c (no. 136)--now fall on pp. 96-97, a folio that would have been numbered pp. 102-3 prior to removal of all three missing folios. Thus, these three poems, too,
likely preexisted the composition of Iteriad 4:27ff. or 4:300ff., when the missing folios were removed. This means that these poems should not regarded as composed sequentially
with the draft of Iteriad presently surrounding them but that they were composed earlier and the Iteriad draft wrapped around them. This arrangement may be confirmed by the appearance
of the manuscript: on p. 96 (i.e., formerly, p. 102) Iteriad 4:247-61 extends from the top of the page down to the beginning of Bed, which runs to the bottom of the page. At the top
of p. 97 (i.e., formerly, p. 103), Ruskin squeezed in just one line of Iteriad, 4:262, before Eternal Hills and Fun take up the remainder of the page; then Iteriad recommences
with 4:263ff. on the next page. Another index entry, Joy, where is [p.] 97 (no. 132), can be made to correspond with the poem itself only by counting all three missing folios.
It presently falls on p. 91; thus, it probably predates the Iteriad draft surrounding it--4:101ff. that follows it, and Coming down upon Ambleside (4:383-402) that precedes it (see below).
The passage Coming down upon Ambleside is responsible for the suggestion, already mentioned, that Ruskin's mutilation and renumbering of MS VI may have occurred somewhat later than the
composition of Iteriad 4:27-68. The Ambleside passage, which is placed (and perhaps written) out of sequence in the notebook, is cross-referenced by Ruskin's own note later on,
FROM LINE 375 TO LINE 401 AT PAGE NINETY SIX ; since page ninety six refers to the old numbering, Ruskin may not have yet removed the missing folios before composing book 4 into the 300s.
Unfortunately, the pages holding these shorter poems composed earlier than their surrounding Iteriad draft do not show erasure of a former page numbering. The page with Where Is Joy (no. 132)
is unnumbered; only the recto of that folio is numbered (the new p. 90). The same is true of Eternal Hills and Fun, whose page (a verso) is unnumbered, with its recto numbered (the new p. 96).
The latter page is the location of Bed, but there is no sign of an erasure of the former p. 102 (as Bed is indexed) beneath the new p. 96. One can only assume that, with the earlier
numbering system, Ruskin either indexed these poems by counting his pages, without marking the pages themselves, or wrote the numbers on the pages themselves in erasable pencil.
The composition of book 4 of Iteriad (new p. 88 and following) is complex; full discussion will be found in the note to no. 91. It may be generally remarked here that this part
of the manuscript is given over to partly drafting, partly schematizing line arrangements of draft from elsewhere. Thus, Ruskin is by now, perhaps, starting to fair-copy Iteriad
in MS VII. This task may partly account for the removal of the three missing folios from MS VI. If so, one wonders why Ruskin did not mutilate MS VI after having completely finished
the draft of book 4, rather than toward the onset of its composition.
Starting with the first page of his new system (p. 88, holding Iteriad 4:27-67), and not counting removed folios, Ruskin numbered rectos only with even numbers through page 100
(only failing to indicate the new p. 94, which is unnumbered). On the last of these pages, 100 is written over top of an erroneous 99, and another hand has also numbered this
latter page as 100 in pencil. This new hand numbers the next recto in pencil as 101 and continues, 101-35. Since p. 135 falls on an endpaper that does not appear part of Ruskin's
original notebook, this hand must be later--probably Wedderburn's, after the manuscript acquired its present binding.
Content
MS VI falls into fairly distinct sections. In their sequence of appearance, the contents are as follows:
a) The sequence of the titles in the missing part of the manuscript can be reconstructed as nos. 70 (p. 6), 71 (p. 8),
73 (p. 10), 74 (p. 12), 75 (p. 13), 76 (p. 21), 77(?) (p. 25, see no. 77),
92 (p. 28), 93 (p. 29), 94 (p. 30), 95 (p. 31), 91 (p. 32; this is bk. 3, indexed under both
Skiddaw and
Iteriad ),
96 (p. 37), 77(?) (p. 39, see no. 77), 97 (p. 40), 100 (p. 46), 101 (p. 47), 102 (p. 48), 91 (p. 48, some portion,
presumably of book 3 or beginning of book 1), 103 (p. 49), 104 (p. 51), 105 (p. 51), 106 (no p. no., but see no. 106),
107 (p. 52), 91 (p. 54, some portion presumably of bk. 1).
b) In the extant portion of
MS VI, from p. 58, the roughly continuous record of poetry composition continues. Extant
are drafts of books 1, 2, and 4 of
Iteriad, no. 91, which are listed as follows, broken down into their parts and
interspersed with shorter poems, to show their sequence: no. 91 (pp. 58-74; bk. 1:176-518, and bk. 2: 1-400; probably
listed as
Iteriad 54 in index), 109 (p. 75, confirmed by index,
Poesie 75 ),
110 (pp. 75-76, listed
Wind 76 in index), 91 (p. 76; bk. 2:401-26; listed as
Iteriad 76 in index), 111 (pp. 77-78, listed
Want of subject 77 in index), 112 (p. 78;
listed
To dash howling without page no. in index, unless the 79 for following entry, no. 114, is incorrectly meant to cover no. 112, as well), 113 (p. 78; through third
stanza, line 5, followed by Contd on p 81 ; listed as
Feminine Gender 78 in index), 114 (p. 79; listed as
Doctors 79 in index), 91 (p. 79; bk. 2:659-67; entitled
Conclusion of Book 2
Iteriad on p. 79; not listed in index), 115 (pp. 79-80; not listed in index, owing either to oversight or to later insertion), 116 (p. 80; partial
draft, i.e., five lines not identical but closely related to later occurence of poem), 91 (p. 80; bk. 2:668-83; not listed in index, almost certainly owing to later
insertion), 113 (p. 81; remaining 4 lines of stanza 3), 116 (p. 81; full draft; listed as
Life 81 in index), 91 (p. 81, beneath rule at bottom of page; bk. 2:684-88;
not listed in index), 91 (p. 82; bk. 2:427-69; listed in index as
Iteriad 82 ), 91 (p. 82, beneath rule at bottom of page; bk. 2:689-92; not listed in index), 91 (p.
83; bk. 2:470-513; continuation of index listing
Iteriad 82 ), 91 (p. 83, beneath rule at bottom of page; bk. 2:693-94; not listed in index), 91 (p. 84; bk. 2:514-38;
continuation of index listing
Iteriad 82 ), 117 (pp. 84-85; listed as
Day of joy 84 in index), 119 (p. 85; listed as 85 in index), [120-21 (indexed
as
Rustic in london 87 and
Heat 88 ), and a portion of 91 (probably bk. 2:539-658 and bk. 4:1-26, and possibly indexed as
Iteriad 88 ), now lost with removed folios,
i.e., old pp. 86-89], 122 (unnumbered partially torn folio, i.e., old p. 90; no identifiable listing in index), 123 (unnumbered partially torn folio, i.e., old p. 90;
listed as
Tempest 90 in index), 128 (unnumbered partially torn folio, i.e., old p. 91; no identifiable listing in index), 129 (unnumbered partially torn folio--i.e.,
old p. 91--and continuing onto following folio, new p. 88; listed as
Creation 91 86 in index), 91 (new p. 88; bk. 4:27-67; possibly listed as
Iteriad 92, i.e., old
p. 92, in index), 91 (unnumbered verso of new p. 88, i.e., new p. 89; bk. 4:68), 73 (p. 88v, i.e., new p. 89; unfinished revision, indexed only by its earlier version
Death 10 ), 91 (p. 88v, i.e., new p. 89; bk. 4:69-94; not indexed), [130 (indexed as
De arte poetica 94 ), and 91 (4:95, probably 95-100; not indexed), lost with
removed folio, i.e. old pp. 94-95], 131 (new p. 90; possibly a remainder of no. 130; not otherwise indexed), 91 (new p. 90; variant, unpublished conclusion to bk. 4),
91 (new pp. 90-91; bk. 4:383-408; entitled here
Coming down upon Ambleside and lines unnumbered; not indexed), 132 (new pp. 91-92; listed as
Joy, where is 97 in
index, i.e., old p. 97), 91 (new pp. 92-96; bk. 4:101-261; not indexed), 133 (new p. 96; listed in index as
Bed 102, i.e., old p. 102), 91 (new p. 97; bk. 4:262;
not indexed), 134 (new p. 97; listed as
Eternal hills 103 in index, i.e., old p. 103), 136 (new p. 97; listed as
Fun 103 in index, i.e., old p. 103), 91 (new p.
98; bk. 4:264-326 [these lines numbered differently in the draft--i.e., 248-313--than in their final fair copy, whose numbering is cited here, for the sake of clarity;
some of these lines indicated in this draft only by their opening words or by a note referring to where they will be found in some other manuscript]), 91 (new pp. 99-100r,
100v, and pp. 101-5 by later hand; 4:327-696 [numbered differently in this draft--i.e., 314-704--than their final numbering in fair copy; at line 382 (i.e.,
Ruskin's line
376), there is a note to pick up lines 383-408 from earlier in
MS VI: from line 375 to line 401 at page ninety six --i.e., old p. 96, now new p. 90 with the section
Coming down upon Ambleside ), 91 (pp. 107-8 in new hand; Notes to
Iteriad, book 1, scored through in draft).
c) Pp. 130-32: index to
MS VI. The index was constructed by listing letters of the alphabet equally spaced down the page; then the titles were entered in the spaces under
the headings. This was done in ink, while in pencil on these pages and the following folio, 133-34, are some multiplication and addition exercises. These exercises accord
with the lessons starting in
1831 that
Ruskin is known to taken from
Mr. Rowbotham ( sums are advancing in very good style,
Ruskin announced in
January 1832, addition
subtraction multiplication and division, but he thought Rowbotham’s instruction made up of disagreeable et ceteras and to be a dry, and entertainmentless thing [
Burd, ed., Ruskin Family Letters
258, 268, and see 261 n. 11].) Also on p. 134 is a fragment of verse, "The [gem(?)] Oh [gemini(?) how monstrous pretty tale / Ah what a deal of trouble authors ye / Ye
ladies Wayward fancie for to hit--."
d) Probably after the index was started on page 130,
Ruskin used the preceding p. 129, working upside down and in the opposite direction to the rest of the book, for
nos. 87, 88, and 90 (no. 90 dated
10 September 1830). No. 90 continues from p. 129 backwards to page 126.
e) Various items are scattered throughout pages remaining in the space between c-d at the back of the manuscript and a-b coming from the front. Reading from the back,
and upside down to text coming from front of book: On p. 124, a four-stanza poem,
The Brave Hussar. This is copied, not in
Ruskin's hand, but possibly
John James's;
in any case, the poem is signed by, or attributed to,
Eliza Andrews --probably the daughter of
Edward Andrews,
Ruskin's tutor, who had a child by this name.
On p. 123, a four-line fragment ( "I think that the elements are contramacious / Such a huge disposition they showed for to splash us / For if we did but wish on some
day to go out / That day they were sure to kick up such a rout" ). This is headed
3rd book, no doubt referring to
Iteriad. The passage is scored through, and apparently
it was not ultimately used.
On pp. 110-11, rough pen-and-ink sketches for the
Account of a Tour of the Continent,
1833, no. 180. The first shows a Swiss cottage and bridge, and the drawing is
captioned No. 1. Head [i.e., at the head of a poem or prose selection of no. 180, as fair-copied and illustrated in
MS IX]. The Swiss Cottages. Alongside this drawing
is one of a gothic fountain, captioned No 2. Tail. Swiss Cottages. Following these is a rocky, narrow path alongside a cliff, with a horse and rider proceeding toward
a distant town; captioned, No. 1. Splugen. Head. Enclosed in rules, between the first two and the third drawings, is a note (but no sketches) for No 3 head, William
tell from boys own book and No 4. tail. Tells tower at Altorf. On the opposite page (p. 111),
Ruskin drew a precipitous waterfall from high crags, captioned Perhaps.
No. 2. Tail. The descent. Alongside this, another sketch (including stone arches) is not captioned and too fragmentary for identification.
f) Much later in
1838(?),
Ruskin used remaining blank spaces to compose no. 270. This essay begins on p. 112 and goes forward to p. 125 (working around the
Eliza Andrews
poem and
Iteriad fragment in e); then, obstructed by no. 90 in d,
Ruskin continued the essay on available blank pages 106, 108-9, 111.
Ruskin numbered these pages in
sequence, 1-18.